Isikhokelo sokuQala iMali kunye nendlela yokuboleka ngokuhlakanipha
Ukuboleka kwenza izinto ezininzi zinokwenzeka. Ukuba awukwazi ukuhlawula imali ngemali (okanye enye into enexabiso eliphezulu), umboleko wemali ukuvumela ukuba uthenge ikhaya uze uqale ukwakha ubulungisa. Kodwa ukuboleka kungabiza, kwaye kungonakalisa imali yakho. Ngaphambi kokuba ufumane umboleko, qhelana nendlela obolekwa ngayo imali mboleko, indlela yokuboleka kwizinga eliphezulu, nendlela yokuphepha iingxaki.
Ukuboleka Ngokuhlakanipha
Iimali zenza ingqiqo xa wenza utyalo-mali kwixesha elizayo okanye uthenge into oyifunayo ngokwenene kwaye awukwazi ukuyithenga ngemali.
Abanye abantu bacinga ngokuphathelele "amatyala amatyala" kunye "netyala elibi," kanti abanye babona onke amatyala njengamabi. Kulula ukuqaphela ityala elibi ( iimali-mboleko ezibiza ngexabiso elininzi okanye ikhefu exhaswa ngokupheleleyo kwikhadi lesikweletu), kodwa ityala elihle linzima kakhulu.
Siza kuchaza i-mechanics yemboleko engezantsi. Ngaphambi kokuba ungene kumanethi kunye neebhontshi, kubalulekile ukuvavanya ukuba kutheni uboleka.
Iindleko zezemfundo zinegama elihle: Uza kuhlawula amadigri kunye nezakhono ezivulela iingcango ukuba uqeqeshe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye unikeze ngeniso. Oku kuchanekileyo, kodwa yonke into ibhetele ngokumodareyitha. Njengoko umboleko wesikolo ufikeleleka kwixesha eliphakamileyo, kuyafaneleka ukuvavanya indlela ohlawula ngayo imali enokubakho. Khetha indawo yakho yokufunda ngokuhlakanipha kwaye uhlale uboleka ubuncinci.
Ubunini basemakhaya bubonakala njengetyala elifanelekileyo. Sekunjalo, iimali-mboleko zasekhaya zazixanduva lwe -mortgage crisis ka-2008 , kwaye abanini bezindlu bahlala bekhululekile ukuba benze imali yabo yokugqibela yokuhlawula imali. Ubunikazi bekhaya kukuvumela ukuba uthathe ulawulo lokusingqongileyo kunye nokwakha ubulungisa , kodwa iimali-mboleko zasekhaya zibolekwa kakhulu-ngoko ke zingozi kakhulu.
Iimoto zikulungele, ukuba akunjalo, kwiindawo ezininzi. Uninzi lwabasebenzi kufuneka bahambe kwindawo ethile ukuze bafumane ubomi, kwaye ukuhanjiswa koluntu kungenakukhetha apho uhlala khona. Ngelishwa, kulula ukuchitha imali kwiimoto, kwaye izithuthi ezisetyenziswayo zihlala zinganakwa njengezinto ezingabizi.
Ukuqala nokukhula kwishishini kunokuvuyisa, kodwa kuyingozi. Uninzi lwama shishini amatsha aphelelwa yiminyaka embalwa, kodwa iiprojekthi eziphando ngokuchanekileyo nge-injection of "sweat equity" zingaphumelela. Kukho umngcipheko kunye nomvuzo wokuhweba kwishishini, kwaye ukuboleka imali kudla ngokuba yinxalenye yolu daba - kodwa akusoloko uboleka imali eninzi.
Imali ingasetyenziselwa nantoni na enye, (ukucinga ukuba umbolekisi wakho akayikuthintela indlela oyisebenzisa ngayo imali). Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kungenangqiqo ukuboleka into ekufuneka uyihlolisise ngenyameko. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uboleka ukuhlawula iindleko zakho zangoku - njengentlawulo yezindlu yakho, ukutya kunye neebhilidi zesebenzisi-ayizinzileyo kwaye zifanele zigwenywe.
Kuphi Ukufumana Imali
Unokuthi ubolekise kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, kwaye uhlawulela ukuthenga ngeenxa zonke kuba ixabiso lentlawulo kunye neerhafu ziyahluka kumboleki kumboleki. Fumana izicaphuno ezivela kubalimi abathathu abahlukeneyo, kwaye uye kunye nesibonelelo esikusebenzelayo.
Amabhanki ahlala ekhumbule engqondweni kuqala, kwaye inokuba yinto ekhethekileyo, kodwa ezinye iintlobo zabathengi zifaneleke ukuba zikhangeleke. Amabhanki aquka amagama amakhulu emakhaya kunye neebhanki zasekuhlaleni ezijoliswe kuyo.
Imanyano yemboleko ifana kakhulu neebhanki, kodwa zinobathengi kubathengi bangaphandle. Iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zihlala zifana, kwaye iirhafu kunye kunye neentlawulo zidla ngokubhetele kwiimanyano zesikweletu (kodwa kungekho njalo).
Izinyunyana zetyala nazo zihlala zincinci kuneebhanki ezinkulu, ngoko kuya kuba lula ukufumana igosa lemboleko ukuba uhlolisise ngokuqinisekileyo isicelo sakho semboleko. Indlela yobuqu iya kuphucula amathuba akho okuvunywa xa kukho izitenxo ezinzima kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zokujongana nazo.
Ababolekisi be-intanethi baninzi, kodwa basungulwe ngoku. Iifowuni zemali-mboleko ye-inthanethi zivela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Abantu ngabanye abanemali eyongezelelweyo bangabonelela ngemali ngokusebenzisa ababolekisi beontanga, kunye nababolekisi bebhanki (njengemali enkulu yemali-mali) nabo banika inkxaso ngemali-mboleko. Aba babolekisi bahlala bekhuphisana, kwaye banokuvuma imvume yakho mboleko ngokusekelwe kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunezo ezisetyenziselwa ezininzi zeebhanki kunye neemanyano zemboleko.
Abathengi bemali mboleko kufuneka bajonge xa bethenga ikhaya. Umrhwebi ulungiselela iimali-mboleko kwaye unokukwazi ukuyithengisa phakathi kwamashishini amaninzi. Buza i-arhente yakho yendawo yokuhlala ukulungiselela iziphakamiso.
Ababolekisi bemali abanemali banikele ngemali kubasomali nakwabanye abathengisa i-real estate-kodwa abayifani nabanikazi bezindlu.
Aba babolekisi bavavanya kwaye bavuma iimali-mboleko ezixhomekeke kwixabiso lepropathi oyithengayo kunye namava akho, kwaye abaxhalabelekanga ngokumalunga neengeniso kunye neenqaku zemboleko.
Urhulumente waseUnited States uhlawula ngemali mboleko yemfundi , kwaye loo nkqubo yeemboleko ingenakudinga ukuba izikolo zemali-mboleko okanye ingeniso yokufumana imali. Iimali-mboleko ezizimeleyo nazo ziyafumaneka kwiibhanki nakwabanye, kodwa kuya kufuneka ufanele ukufumana ababolekisi ngabangasese .
Iinkampani zezezimali zenza imali mboleko kuyo yonke into esuka kumatitha ukuya kwiimpahla kunye ne-electronics. Aba babolekisi bavame ukuva emva kwamakhadi e-credit and "akukho nzala" .
Abathengisi bemoto bavumela ukuthenga nokuboleka kwindawo enye. Abadayisi baqhagamshelana neebhanki, iimanyano zemali-mboleko okanye abanye ababolekisi. Abanye abathengisi, ngakumbi abo bathengisa imoto engabizi, basebenzise imali yabo.
Iintlobo Zemivuzo
Unokuboleka imali ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Ezinye iingxowa-mali zenzelwe (kwaye zifumaneka kuphela) ngenjongo ethile, ngelixa ezinye iimali-mboleko zingasetyenziselwa yonke into.
Imali-mboleko engaqinisekanga inikezela ukuguquguquka.
Zibizwa ngokuba zingakhuselekanga kuba akukho mali eqinisekisa ukubolekwa kwemali mboleko: akudingeki ukuba uthembise isibambiso njengesiqinisekiso somboleki . Ezinye zezona mboleko eziqhelekileyo ezingaphephile (ezibizwa ngokuba zibolekiweyo) ziquka:
- Amakhadi esikwereti enye yezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zemali mboleko. Ngekhadi lekhadi lesikweletu, ufumana umgca wekhredithi oyichithayo , kwaye ungabuyiselwa kwaye uboleke ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Amakhadi enkoleko angabiza (kunye neerhafu eziphezulu kunye nemali yaminyaka yonke), kodwa i-short-term "teaser" inikezelekile.
- Imali mboleko yemali mboleko eqinisekisiwe kuphela ngokusayinwa kwakho: uvuma nje ukubuyisela, kwaye awuyi kunika nayiphi na imali. Ukuba uhluleka ukuhlawula, bonke ababolekisi banokwenza umonakalo wakho ngetyala kwaye bazise isenzo somthetho kuwe (ekugqibeleni ekukhokelela ekutholeni umvuzo wakho nokuthatha imali ngaphandle kwee-akhawunti zebhanki ).
- Iimali-mboleko zokuhlanganiswa zenzelwe ukudibanisa amatyala akhoyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenjongo yokunciphisa iindleko zakho zokuboleka okanye iintlawulo zakho zenyanga. Umzekelo, ukuba unokulinganisela kumakhadi athile eemali- mboleko, umboleko wokudibanisa unokukunikhulula kumazinga aphezulu-nzala kunye nokwenza lula ukuhlawula.
Imboleko yezikolo zihlobo lwemboleko engakhuselekanga ehlawula iindleko ezinxulumene nemfundo. Ezi mboleko zifumaneka kuphela kubantu abhalisiwe kwiinkqubo ezithile zemfundo, kwaye zingasetyenziselwa ukufundiswa, iirhafu, iincwadi kunye nezinto, iindleko zokuhlala, kunye nokunye. Urhulumente wase-United States unikela ngemboleko yezikolo zabasebenzi abanomdla , kunye nababolekisi abazimeleyo banikeza iinketho ezongezelelweyo zemali.
Iimali-mboleko ezizenzekelayo zivumela ukuba wenze iintlawulo ezincinane zenyanga kwiimoto, iiRV, izithuthuthu kunye nezinye izithuthi. Imimiselo yokubuyisela iimeko eziyiminyaka emihlanu okanye ngaphantsi. Kodwa ukuba unqamle ukwenza iintlawulo ezifunekayo kwi-mboleko yemoto, ababolekisi banokuphinda bathathe isithuthi .
Imboleko yemali yenzelwe iifizi ezinkulu ezifunekayo ukuthenga ikhaya. Imali-mboleko yemigangatho yeminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kwe-30, okubangelwa ukuhlawulwa kweenyanga eziphantsi. Imali mboleko yasekhaya ikhuselwe ngokuxhunywa kunye nepropathi oyibolekayo, kwaye ababolekisi bangaphinda baxhomekeke kweso sakhiwo ukuba uyeka ukuhlawula. Ukutshintsha kwintengo yemali ephantsi yokuthenga ekhaya kuquka:
- Imali mboleko yemali yasekhaya (i-mortgage yesibini): Ukuboleka malunga nexabiso lekhaya osukhona . Ababoleki bavame ukufumana imali yokuphucula ikhaya , iindleko zemfundo kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo.
- Iinkqubo zembolekiso kaRhulumente: Isiqinisekiso esincinci kunye nentlawulo encinci yokuhlawula okanye izikolo ezincinci zemali. Ababoleki banokufumana ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo ngenxa yokuba iimali-mboleko zixhaswa nguRhulumente wase-US. Iimali-mboleko ze-FHA ziphakathi kweemali ezikhethiweyo ezifumaneka ekhaya.
- Imali-mboleko yokwakha: Ukuhlawula ukwakhiwa kwekhaya elitsha , kuquka neendleko zomhlaba, izinto zokwakha, kunye neekontrakthi.
Iimali-mboleko zoshishino zibonelela ngemali yokuqala nokukhula kwishishini. Abaninzi ababolekisi bafuna ukuba abanini bezoshishino baqinisekise ukubolekwa kwemali mboleko ngaphandle kokuba ibhizinisi linempahla ebalulekileyo okanye imbali ende yokufumana inzuzo. Ulawulo lwe-Small Business Administration (SBA) luqinisekisa kwakhona iimboleko zokukhuthaza iibhanki ukuboleka.
I-Microloans zibolekelele kakhulu kumashishini amancinci . Impahla yokutya kunye nabancinci bamashishini amancinci, ezi mboleko zingase zibe lula ukufumana inkxaso - ngakumbi ukuba unayo i-credit, ingeniso kunye namava abanikezeli abakufunayo.
Indlela iiMali ezisebenza ngayo
Imali ingabonakala ilula: uboleka imali kwaye uyibuyisele kamva. Kodwa kufuneka uqonde umatshini wokuboleka imali ukwenza izigqibo ezibolekayo.
Inzala yintlawulo ohlawula ngayo yokuboleka imali . Unokuhlawula imali eyongezelelweyo, kodwa ininzi yeendleko kufuneka ibe neerhafu zemali kwi-balance balance. Ixabiso lentlawulo elingaphantsi lihle kunamazinga aphezulu, kwaye i-percentage rate rate (APR) yenye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokuqonda iindleko zakho zokuboleka .
Iintlawulo zenyanga ziyingxenye ebonakalayo kakhulu yemboleko - ubona bephuma kwi-akhawunti yakho yasebhanki inyanga nganye. Intlawulo yakho yenyanga iya kuxhomekeka kwisixa oboleke ngaso, inzala yakho, kunye nezinye izinto.
- Imali-mboleko yekhadi lesikweletu (kunye nezinye iimali-mboleko ezihamba phambili) zinomvuzo omncinane obalwa ngokusekelwe kwibhalansi yakho yeakhawunti kunye neemfuno zakho. Kodwa kuyingozi ukuhlawula kuphela ubuncinci kuba kuya kuthatha iminyaka ukuphelisa ityala lakho kwaye uya kuhlawula imali ebonakalayo enomdla.
- Iimali-mboleko zentlawulo (ininzi yemoto, ikhaya, kunye nemali-mboleko yomfundi) ihlawulwa ngaphaya kwexesha kunye nentlawulo ehlawulwa yenyanga. Unako ukubala loo ntlawulo xa uyazi iinkcukacha ezimbalwa malunga nomboleko wakho. Inxalenye yenyanga yokuhlawula nganye yenyanga iya kwi-balance balance yakho, kwaye enye inxalenye ihlanganisa iindleko zomdla wemboleko. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ininzi kunye nentlawulo nganye yenyanga isetyenziswe kwibhalansi yakho mboleko.
Ubungakanani bemali-mboleko (kwiinyanga okanye iminyaka) inquma ukuba uza kuhlawula phi inyanga kunye nokuba unomdla onjani owuhlawulayo. Iimali-mboleko zexesha elide ziza neentlawulo ezincinci, kodwa uya kuhlawula umdla omkhulu ngaphezu kobomi balo mboleko. Nangona unemali-mboleko yexesha elide, unokuyihlawula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ulondoloze kwiindleko zenzalo.
Ukuhlawula imali yimali oyihlawulayo phambi kwayo nayiphi na into oyithengayo . Iintlawulo eziphantsi ziphantsi kunye nokuthengwa kwemoto, kwaye banciphisa inani lemali oyifunayo ukuboleka. Ngenxa yoko, inkokhelo ephantsi inganciphisa inani lomdla oya kulihlawula kunye nobukhulu bentlawulo yakho yenyanga.
Jonga indlela ukubolekwa kwemali mboleko ngokujonga ngayo amanani. Emva kokuba uqonda indlela inzala ityala ngayo kunye neentlawulo zisetyenzisiweyo kwibhalansi yakho mboleko, uyazi ukuba ungena ntoni.
- Jonga indlela ukubolekwa kwemali mboleko kuhlawulwa ngaphaya kwexesha (ininzi yemoto, ikhaya, kunye nemali-mboleko yomfundi)
- Sebenzisa ispredishithi ukubala iintlawulo kunye neendleko zemboleko ocingayo
- Qaphela ukuba iintlawulo kunye neentlawulo zenzalo zisebenza njani neakhawunti eziguqukayo (amakhadi-ngetyala)
Indlela yokwamkela
Xa ufaka isicelo semboleko, ababolekisi baya kuhlola izinto ezininzi. Ukuphucula inkqubo, hlalutya ezo zinto ngokwakho ngaphambi kokuba ufake isicelo-kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okuphucula nantoni na edinga ukunakwa.
Ikhredithi yakho ichaza ibali lembali yakho yokuboleka. Ababoleki bajonga kwixesha lakho elidlulileyo ukuze uzame ukuqikelela ukuba ngaba uya kuhlawula iimali-mboleko ezintsha ozifunayo. Ukuze wenze njalo, bahlaziya ulwazi kwiingxelo zeentengo zemali, apho unokuzibona ngokwakho (mahhala) . Iikhomputha ziyakwenza i-automate inkqubo ngokudala amanqaku ekhredithi, eyona manqaku amanqaku ngokusekelwe kwingcaciso efumaneka kwiingxelo zekredithi. Amanqaku aphezulu angcono kunamanqaku aphantsi, kwaye amanqaku amahle enza ukuba kube lula ukuba ufumaneke kwaye ufumane umgangatho omhle.
Ukuba unetyala elibi okanye awuzange ube nethuba lokuseka imbali yengetyala, unokwakha i-credit yakho ngokuboleka nokubuyiselwa imali mboleko ngexesha.
Ufuna inzuzo ukuze ubuyisele imali mboleko, ukuze ababolekisi bahlale benomdla malunga nemali oyifumanayo. Uninzi lwababolekisi balala ityala kwinani lemali engenayo ukubona ukuba ingeniso yakho yenyanga inikezela ukuhlawulwa kwetyala. Ukuba inxalenye enkulu yengeniso yakho yenyanga iya kudliwa yiintlawulo zemboleko, abanako ukuvuma imvume yakho mboleko. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukulungele ukugcina izibophelelo zakho zenyanga ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezingama-31 zengeniso yakho (okanye iipesenti ezingama-43 ukuba uquka iimboleko zendlu).
Ezinye izinto zibalulekile. Umzekelo:
- Ukubambisana kunokukunceda ukuba uvumeleke. Ukusebenzisa i-collateral, "uthembisa" into enokuthi ithathe umthengi kwaye athengise ukuze anelise inkokhelo yakho engakhokhelwa (uthatha ukuyeka ukwenza iintlawulo ezifunekayo). Ngenxa yoko, umboleki-mboleko unomngcipheko omncinci kwaye unokufuna ukuvuma imboleko yakho.
- Imali-mboleko yokuxabisa ama-ratios kwiibhanki zakho zibalulekile . Ukuba uboleka i-100 ekhulwini yentengo yokuthenga, ababolekisi bathabatha ingozi enkulu - kuya kufuneka bathengise loo nto kwi-dollar ephezulu ukuze babuyiselwe imali yabo. Ukuba uhlawula i-20 yeepesenti okanye ngaphezulu, umboleko lukhuselekileyo kubalimi (ngokukodwa ngenxa yokuba unesikhumba esiphezulu kumdlalo).
- Umququzeleli unokuphucula isicelo sakho. Ukuba awunayo inkokhelo eyaneleyo okanye imali engenayo ukuze ufaneleke ngokwakho, unokucela umntu ukuba afake isicelo sakho semali mboleko nawe . Loo mntu (ngubani omele abe nekhredithi enhle kunye nenzuzo eyaneleyo yokunceda) uthembisa ukubuyisela umboleko xa ungaphumeleli ukwenza njalo. Le nto inkulu-kwaye inobungozi-inceba, ngoko bobabini abbolekayo kunye nabogqirha kufuneka bacinge ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuhamba phambili.
Iindleko kunye Neengozi Zemivuzo
Kulula ukuqonda izibonelelo zemboleko: ufumana imali, kwaye unokuyihlawula kamva. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, ufumana nantoni na ofuna ukuyithenga, njengendlu, imoto okanye i-semester esikolweni. Ukuze ufumane umfanekiso opheleleyo, gcina iingxaki zokuboleka engqondweni njengoko uthatha isigqibo sokuba uboleke kangakanani (nokuba ingaba ingekho imboleko ingenangqondo nhlobo).
Iintlawulo: Mhlawumbi akumangalisi ukuba kuya kufuneka uhlawule imali mboleko, kodwa kunzima ukuqonda ukuba uza kubuyisela ntoni intlawulo. Ngokukodwa ukuba iintlawulo aziyi kuqalisa iminyaka emininzi (njengeminye yemali-mboleko yomfundi), uzama ukucinga ukuba uya kuzibona xa ixesha lifika. Akumangalisi ukwenza iintlawulo zemboleko, ngakumbi xa bathatha inxalenye enkulu yengeniso yakho yenyanga. Nangona uboleka ngokuhlakanipha ngeentlawulo ezingabizi, izinto zingatshintsha. Umnqweno womsebenzi okanye utshintsho kwiindleko zentsapho kunokushiya uzisola ngosuku obole ngayo.
Iindleko: Xa uhlawula imali mboleko, uhlawula yonke into oyibolekileyo - kwaye uhlawula ngaphezulu. Iindleko ezongezelelekileyo zidlalwa ngumdla , kwaye kunye nemali mboleko (njengemali kunye nemali mboleko), ezo ndleko akulula ukuzibona. Inzala inokubhaka kwintlawulo yakho yenyanga, engabonakaliyo, okanye ingaba yinto yomgca kwi-bill card yakho. Ngandlela-thile, inzala iphakamisa iindleko zento yonke oyithengayo ngetyala. Ukuba ubala ukuba i-mboleko yakho isebenza njani (ichazwe ngasentla), uya kufumanisa ukuba umdla kangakanani.
Ikhredithi: Amanqaku akho ekhredithi athembele kwimbali yokuboleka, kodwa kukho into eninzi kakhulu. Ukuba usebenzisa iimali-mboleko ngokuzenzekelayo, unako (kunye kwaye mhlawumbi uya kuba) unamanani amanqaku aphezulu ekhredithi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uboleka kakhulu, ikhredithi yakho iya kugcina ihlupheke. Ngaphezu koko, ukwandisa umngcipheko wokungagqibekanga kwimali-mboleko, oya kuguqula amanqaku akho.
Ukunyaniseka: Imali ithenga izinto ezinokukhetha, kwaye ukufumana mboleko kungakuvula iingcango. Ngelo xesha, xa uboleka, unamathele ngemboleko efuna ukuhlawulwa. Ezi ntlawulo zinokubamba ingxaki kwiimeko okanye indlela yokuphila onokukhetha ukuphuma kuyo, kodwa utshintsho aluyiyo inketho uze uhlawule ityala. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukufudukela kwisixeko esitsha okanye ukuyeka ukusebenza ukwenzela ukuba unganise ixesha kwiintsapho okanye kwishishini, kulula xa ungekho matyala .