Iindlela Ezinhlanu Zokunciphisa
Ityala likawonkewonke li-$ 15.3 trillion. Ityala ityala kubantu ngabanye, kumashishini nakwiibhanki zangaphandle. Uninzi (amaphesenti angama-95) yiimali-mali zeeNondyebo, amanqaku kunye nezibophelelo .
Iipesenti ezi-4 ezisele zi- TIPS , Bonds Savings , kunye nezinye iziqinisekiso .
Urhulumente uhlawula i- Fund Security Trust Fund kunye namanye amaziko agunyazisiweyo. Okubizwa ngokuba yiTransgovernmental Debt. Akubandakanyi kumdla kwityala. Kungenxa yokuba yimali urhulumente ahlawulwa yona. Icacisa ukuba kutheni abantu baseMerika banabo baninzi kwetyala le-US .
Inzala ekutyala ityala ama-7.4 ekhulwini kwi- FY-budget ye- FY . Oko kwenza ukuba ibe yintsika yesine yeyona bhajethi. Iindleko ezine kuphela ezikhudlwana iiNtlawulo zeNtlalo (i-$ 987 yezigidigidi), ukusetyenziswa kwezempi (i-$ 874.4 billion), i-Medicare ($ 582 billion) kunye neMedicaid ($ 400 billion).
Indlela ekubalwa ngayo
Inzala kwi-matyala ibalwa ngokuphindaphinda inani elijongene nexabiso lexabiso lika-Treasur times amazinga abo anomdla. Iindleko zeeNondyebo zinexesha elifutshane elide, ezintathu, neenyanga ezintlanu. Amanqaku athengiswa kwiminyaka emine, emihlanu, kunye neminyaka eyi-10.
Iibhondi ziyiminyaka eyi-15 neye-30. Ithuba lexeshana elifutshane linomlinganiselo omncinci wenzalo ngaphezu kwetyala lexesha elide. Kungenxa yokuba abatyali-mali abayifuna ukuba babuyele imali yokuboleka imali yabo ixesha elifutshane.
Inzala yomyinge kwi-bill nganye, inqaku, okanye umkhonkxa kuxhomekeke xa ikhutshwe. Amanani omdla atshintsha ixesha, kuxhomekeke kwimfuno ye-US Treasury.
Xa imfuno iphakamileyo, ngoko ixabiso lentengo liya kuba liphantsi. Xa ixabiso liwela, urhulumente kufuneka ahlawule umrhumo ophezulu wokuthengisa zonke iibhondi zayo. Thelekisa olu tshintsho kwii- curves zokuvunwa kweeNondye .
Inzala kwi-matyala ayilula ukubala. Awukwazi nje ukwandisa inani elipheleleyo lelityala elikhokeleyo ngenani lentlalo yanamhlanje ukuze ufumane uphawu olungileyo. Kodwa, ngokubanzi, ityala elikhulu kunye nomyinge omkhulu wenzalo iya kudala inzala enkulu yenzala.
Inzala kuMatyala Ngonyaka (2008 - 2027)
Inzala kwi-matyala yayiyi-$ 253 yezigidigidi ngo-2008. Yayidla i-8.5 ekhulwini ye- FY-mali ka-2008 . Ngo-2009, lehlile kwi-187 yezigidigidi zeebhiliyoni ngenxa yokuba isantya senzalo siwa. Isivuno kwiNqaku leNondyebo le- 10 leminyaka linikezelwa kwitheyibhile elingezantsi njengomzekelo.
Ngenxa yoko, inzala kwi-matyala yayidla i-5.3 ekhulwini yebhajethi ye- FY ka-2009 , nangona ityala liye lafikelela kuma-7.5 trillion. Ukususela ngo-2009 ukuya ku-2016, yahlala phantsi kwe-250 yezigidigidi zeebhiliyoni nangona ityala liphindwe kabili. Ityala likhule ngenxa yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwemali yoluntu kwandile kwaye ingeniso iyancipha. Ukwehla kwemali yeso sizathu sokuba uMongameli uBabraham wadala ityala elikhulu nawuphi na umongameli .
Inzala kwiNondyebo yeminyaka eyi-10 yahlala phantsi kweepesenti ezingama-3 ukuya ku-2018 ngenxa yemfuno enamandla ye-US Treasury.
Amanqanaba enzala anikezelwa ukuba aphakame ngaphezu kweepesenti ezingama-3 ngo-2019, ngokwe-Ofisi yoLawulo kunye neBhajethi. Kulindeleke ukuba yanda ukuya kuma-3.7 ekhulwini ngo-2025. Ngelo xesha, inzala kwi-matyala iya kuba yi-$ 688 yezigidigidi, kwaye ithathe i-12.5 pesenti yebhajethi.
| Unyaka ongaphelelanga | Inzala kwiTyala | Intlawulo yeMali kwiNondyebo yeNyaka eyi-10 | Amatyala kaRhulumente | Ipesenti yeBhajethi |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | $ 253 | 3.7% | $ 5,803 | 8.5% |
| 2009 | $ 187 | 3.3% | $ 7,545 | 5.3% |
| 2010 | $ 196 | 3.2% | $ 9,019 | 5.7% |
| 2011 | $ 230 | 2.8% | $ 10,128 | 6.4% |
| 2012 | $ 220 | 1.8% | $ 11,281 | 6.2% |
| 2013 | $ 221 | 2.4% | $ 11,983 | 6.4% |
| 2014 | $ 229 | 2.5% | $ 12,780 | 6.5% |
| 2015 | $ 223 | 2.1% | $ 13,117 | 6.0% |
| 2016 | $ 240 | 1.8% | $ 14,168 | 6.2% |
| 2017 | $ 263 | 2.7% | $ 14,824 | 6.8% |
| 2018 | $ 310 | 2.6% | $ 15,790 | 7.4% |
| 2019 | $ 363 | 3.1% | $ 16,872 | 8.2% |
| 2020 | $ 447 | 3.4% | $ 17,947 | 9.7% |
| 2021 | $ 510 | 3.6% | $ 18,950 | 10.7% |
| 2022 | $ 568 | 3.7% | $ 19,946 | 11.4% |
| 2023 | $ 619 | 3.7% | $ 20,809 | 12.0% |
| 2024 | $ 658 | 3.7% | $ 21,495 | 12.4% |
| 2025 | $ 688 | 3.7% | $ 22,137 | 12.5% |
| 2026 | $ 717 | 3.6% | $ 22,703 | 12.5% |
| 2027 | $ 740 | 3.6% | $ 23,194 | 12.4% |
| 2028 | $ 761 | 3.6% | $ 23,684 | 12.2% |
(Imithombo: "Iifayile zeMbali, iThebhile 3-1," i-Ofisi yoLawulo kunye neBhajethi. "I-FY 2019 uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali," i-Ofisi yoLawulo kunye neBhajethi, ngoFebruwari 12, 2018.)
Izizathu
Iirhafu eziphezulu kunye netyala elikhulayo zimbini ezibangela i-interest in debt. Kodwa yintoni ebangela ukuba bavuke? Amanani omdla akhula xa uqoqosho luqhuba kakuhle. Kungenxa yokuba abatyali-mali bathemba ukuthenga i-assets riskier, ezifana nezitokisi. Kukho imfuno engaphantsi kwezibhonkco, ngoko ke inani lentengo kufuneka liphakame ukukhangela abathengi. Ityala liqokelelwa kwintlupheko yohlahlo lwabiwo mali. Oku kwenzekayo kunyaka ngamnye kunkulu kuneniso. Ityala elikhulu liyakuthintela intsalela , ngenxa yentlawulo ephezulu yenzalo.
Ekubeni ulawulo lukaBill Clinton , umongameli ngamnye kunye neCongress uceba ukwenza imali. Okokuqala, ukuchitha imali kunciphisa uqoqosho ngokubeka imali kwiipokethi zamashishini kunye neentsapho. Bathengisa iimpahla kunye nokuqesha abasebenzi, ukudala ubutyebi obukhulu. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, ukusetyenziswa kwekarhulumente yinkalo ye-GDP . Okwesibini, amazwe afana neChina neJapan anike iMelika imali yokuthenga iimveliso zawo. Ngenxa yoko, iUnited States ihlawulwa i-China yeepesenti ezingama-20 kuwo onke amatyala afunekayo kumazwe angaphandle.
Okwesithathu, ezopolitiko zikhethwa ukuba zenze imisebenzi kwaye zikhule kwezoqoqosho. Baye balahlekelwa ukhetho xa kungabikho ukwanda kwemisebenzi kunye nentlawulo . Ngenxa yoko, iCongress ayinakhuthaza encinci ukunciphisa ilahleko.
Indlela ekuchaphazela ngayo
Umdla kwityala ngokukhawuleza unciphisa imali efumanekayo kwezinye iinkqubo zenkcitho . Njengoko likhula ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi ezayo, ababukeli bezo ntlawulo baya kubiza ukuncitshiswa kweminye imimandla.
Kwixesha elide, umthwalo wezikweletu okhulayo uba ngumngeni omkhulu kubo bonke. Oko kubizwa ngokuba yindawo yokubamba. I-Bhanki yehlabathi ithi ilizwe lifikelela kuloo nqanaba xa ubukhulu besikweletu-kuya-GDP bufikelela okanye bufikelela kuma- 70 ekhulwini. Kungenxa yokuba umkhiqizo ongezantsi wemveliso uyayilungisa yonke imveliso yezoqoqosho. Xa ityala likhulu kunomhlaba wonke, ababolekisi banenkxalabo ukuba ilizwe liya kubahlawula. Enyanisweni, baxhalabele ngo-2011 nangowama-2013. Yilapho i- party party yaseRepublicans kwiCongress ityisongela ukuba ingahlawulwanga ngetyala le-US .
Kwakuyilingo lobuwula lokunciphisa iindleko zorhulumente. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba uMgaqo-siseko wanika iCongress igunya eligqithisiweyo lokuchitha. I-Congress yenze inkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo - mali eyasebenza iminyaka. Abo babantu beeNgqungquthela bawutyeshelanga inkqubo, kwaye banokukhathazeka ngokungenakudlabo ababolekisi besizwe.
Xa ababolekisi bexhalabele, bafuna inzala ephezulu. Abathengi be-US Treasury baxabisa ukukhuselwa kokwazi ukuba baya kuhlawulwa. Baya kufuna impindiselo ngenxa yobungozi obandayo abayi kubuyiselwa. Ukunciphisa umfuno we-US Treasury kuzokwandisa ukwandisa inzala . Ukunciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho .
Isidingo esincinci seNondyebo sibeka uxinzelelo oluphantsi kwidola. Kungenxa yokuba ixabiso ledoli libophelelwe kuloovimba beNondyebo. Njengoko idola liyancipha , abanikazi bamanye amazwe bahlawulelwa ngokumalunga nemali efanelekileyo. Oko kuyanciphisa kwakhona imfuno.
Inzala ekhulayo kwilo tyala ibuhlungu i- crisis ye -US. Kule minyaka engama-20 ezayo, iNgxowa-mali yoKhuseleko lweNtlalontle ayiyi kuba neleyo ukwenzela ukuba ihlawulwe iingeniso zomhlalaphantsi ezithembisa abantu abadala. ICongress izakufumana iindlela zokunciphisa iinzuzo kunokuba zikhuphe irhafu. Ngokomzekelo, abanye bathetha ngokubambisa ukuKhuseleko kweNtlalo.
Iindlela ezihlanu zokunciphisa umdla kuMatyala
Inkqubo engenabuhlungu kakhulu yokunciphisa umdla kumatyala kukunciphisa amaxabiso enzala. Oku akuyi kwenzeka nangona uqoqosho luphucula.
Indlela yesibini ukwandisa imali engenayo. Oku kuya kunciphisa umthamo kwaye kufakwe ngaphantsi kwetyala. Ukwanda kweRhafu kuyisisombululo esisisiseko, kodwa banokuphungula ukukhula koqoqosho. Ukongezelela, abavoti banqabileyo abapolitiko abaphakamisa irhafu. Uqoqosho olukhula ngokukhawuleza luya kukwandisa imali engenayo.
Indlela yesine kukunciphisa imali. Oya kuthukuthela ngubani na ofumana iinzuzo zakhe ezincitshiswayo. Nangona iipolitiki zivame ukuthetha ngazo, zidla ukufuna ukunciphisa imali yomnye umntu. Yingakho iNgqungquthela ayinakuyithatha isicwangciso seSimpson Bowles esiyi-bi-partisan ngo-2010. Abenzi bezomthetho babedlulisa uMthetho woLawulo lweBhajethi ka-2011 ukuba baziphophezele ukuba bafumane isisombululo. Xa bengenakukwazi, ukuchithwa kwendlela yokunciphisa iindleko zokuqhelisa zonke iingu-10. Ukunciphisa ukunyuswa kweentlanganiso kwiCongress kwabakhokelela ekuhlaleni kweengxowankulu ze -2013.
Indlela yesihlanu ukuguqula imali yezemali kwimisebenzi eyenza imisebenzi emininzi kunye nokwandisa ukukhula koqoqosho. Ngokomzekelo, ukunyuswa kweerhafu kwakha imisebenzi eyi-10,779 nganye kwiirandi ezigidi ezigidi ukubuyisela koqoqosho. Oku kungcono kuneendleko zokhuseleko, okudala imisebenzi engama-8,555 yonke iidigidi ezichithwe. Kodwa akukho nakwixabiso elinokusebenza njengokwakha isantya esikhulu. Oko kudala imisebenzi eyi-17,687 kwi-bhiliyoni nganye esetyenzisiweyo. Ukwakhiwa kwesantya esikhulu kweso sinye isisombululo esingcono kakhulu sokungasebenzi .
UMongameli uTumpom wathembisa ukunciphisa ukusilela. Wayegxeka ukuchitha imali kwi-Air Force One kunye ne-F-35 jetter jet. Kodwa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwama-FY lwango-2018 lwenyule ukulahleka kunye netyala. I-Trump ithe kwakhona iya kuhlawula ityala. Oku kuya kuba yintlekele, njengoko yayiza kubonakalisa ukuzithemba phakathi kwabanikazi bamabhondi. Iingxowa-mali ezingekho phantsi kwe-US zizakuthumela umdla kwi-debt debt. Kwakhona kunokukhokelela ekuweleni kwedola . Kungenxa yokuba ixabiso ledoli yase-US liboshwe kwixabiso le-US Treasury.
Ekugqibeleni, abavoti kufuneka banyanzelise umongameli kunye neCongress ukwenzela ukunciphisa ilahleko. Oku kuya kunciphisa ukwanda kwetyala. Inzala kwi-matyala iya kuphakama kunye neerhafu, kodwa ngezinga eliphantsi. Ngaphandle koko, inzala kwisikwere sesizwe iya kudla uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nomgangatho wokuphila kwizizukulwana ezizayo.