Izinketho zoMhlala-phantsi eziSebenza
Ukuba uqeshwe okanye uzenzele ishishini elincinci kunye nabasebenzi abambalwa, unokufumana inkululeko kunye nokuguquguquka kokuba ngumphathi wakho. Kodwa ukuba nekhono lokubeka indlela yakho yomsebenzi kwaye ubiza izibhengezo zakho akuthethi ukuba unako ukuwushiya umhlalaphantsi wakho. Nangona kunokuba nzima ukuba ugcine umhlala phantsi ngelixa uqhuba ibhizinisi, kufuneka uzame ukwenza ixesha lokugxila ekuphumeleleni inkululeko yemali.
Ngethamsanqa, kukho izicwangciso ezimbalwa zokuthatha umhlala phantsi ezenza lula ukuba zisindise umhlala-phantsi, kubandakanya i-SEP-IRAs, i-SIMPLE IRAs, kunye nokunye.
Ukwahluka okubonakala ngathi mncinci kwezi zicwangciso kunokuba negalelo elikhulu kuxhomekeke kwishishini lakho kunye neemfuno zakho ezizodwa. Thatha ixesha ukuthelekisa i-pros and cons as uzama ukufumana isicwangciso esilungileyo kuwe kunye ne-shishini lakho elincinci, kwaye uqonde ukuba yintoni efanelekileyo kwiimeko zakho zomhlalaphantsi kunye neerhafu.
SEP IRA
I-SEP-IRA (Ulungelelwaniso lomSebenzi oPhezulu lwaMhlalaphantsi) luvumela abaqeshi ukuba benze isicwangciso somhlala-phantsi sabasebenzi babo. Ukongezelela, abantu abaqeshwe ngabanye bangenza kwaye baxhaswe isicwangciso somhlala-phantsi se-SEP-IRA. Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokuseka i-IRA ye-SEP, unokuba negalelo elingama-25 ekhulwini lomvuzo wakho wonyaka okanye iipesenti ezingama-20 zomvuzo wakho wonyaka ohlawulelwayo. Iminikelo ye-SEP ye-IRA ayikwazi ukudlulela i-$ 54,000 ephezulu ngo-2017.
Isicwangciso Sokuxhaswa Kwemali Yokuncedisa Abasebenzi (I-SIMPLE IRA)
I-SIMPLE imele ukukhuthazwa kokulondolozwa kwabasebenzi.
Esi si cwangciso sokuba ishishini kunye nabasebenzi abayi-100 okanye ngaphantsi bangasebenzisa. Kwaye kuthelekiswa nemveli 401 (k), i-SIMPLE iyona ndlela inokukhetha ... Kodwa kuphela ukuba uzimisele ukufanisa negalelo labasebenzi bakho. Nge-SIMPLE, abaqeshi kufuneka bafanisane negalelo lomqeshwa ukuya kuma-3 ekhulwini lomvuzo (ukuba umqeshwa akenzi igalelo, usenokwenza igalelo lepesenti yomvuzo wawo). Umda wokuxhaswa nge-SIMPLE ungaphantsi kwemida evunyelwe kwisicwangciso se-401 (k). Kodwa kwabanye abanikazi bezoshishino, ukulula kulula ukungafani. Ngo-2017, inani elininzi labasebenzi lingabamba iqhaza kwi-SIMPLE IRA yi-$ 12,500.
Abaqeshwa abaneminyaka engama-50 okanye ngaphezulu bafanelekile ukuba bafumane igalelo lokubamba i- 3,000 ye-$.
ISolo 401 (k) Cwangcisa
I-solo okanye umntu (k) icebo yinguqu elula yenkqubo yendabuko 401 (k). Ukuba ungumnikazi wezentlalo, unentsingiselo kungekho nabasebenzi ngaphandle kokuba umlingane, u-401 (k) unjalo kuphela: 401 yakho siqu (k) isicwangciso. Imilinganiselo yeminikelo iyafana nemida yemveli 401 (k) , kodwa ngenxa yokuba ulawula isicwangciso ngokunjalo, unokulinganisa iminikelo njengomqeshi ukuya kuma-20 ukuya kuma-25 ekhulwini lomvuzo. Oko kuthetha ukuba unokuba negalelo eliphantse phinda kabini i-401 (k) imida kwimida 401 (k). Umrhumo ophezulu wokuhlawula umvuzo ngowama-2017 yi-$ 18,000. Ukuba uneminyaka yobudala engama-50 okanye ngaphezulu, unako ukufaka i-$ 6,000 eyongezelelweyo njengengeniso yokubambisa i-salary-up in 2017. Igalelo elongezelelekileyo lenxaxheba yempesenti ye-25 ekhulwini yemali engenayo, kodwa igalelo elipheleleyo (ukuchithwa kwemivuzo kunye nokwabelana ngenzuzo) kwesi si cwangciso ayikwazi ukudlula i-$ 54,000 ngo-2017. Ungongeza kwakhona umrhumo wokumisa umvuzo wokubambisa xa ufanelekile ukwenza loo nto.
Umntu ngamnye uRoth 401 (k) ukhetho lwenkqubo lukhona kwakhona ukubonelela abanini-shishini bengenakho ukukhula kweerhafu.
Igalelo lokwabelana ngenzuzo
Isicwangciso sokwabelana ngenzuzo luhlobo lwesicwangciso sogalelo esichaziweyo esivumela iinkampani ukuba zancedise abasebenzi ukuba basindise umhlalaphantsi. Ngesicwangciso sokwabelana ngenzuzo, iminikelo evela kumqeshi iyakwazi ukuqonda. Oko kuthetha ukuba inkampani inokugqiba isigqibo sonyaka unyaka kangakanani ukuba inxaxheba (okanye nokuba ingenelela kuyo yonke) kwisicwangciso somqeshwa. Ukuba inkampani ayinayo inzuzo, akufuneki ukuba negalelo kwisicwangciso. Kodwa inkampani ayifuni ukuba inenzuzo yokuba necebo lokwabelana ngenzuzo.
Oku kulungelelaniswa kwenza ukuba kube lula ukhetho lomhlala phantsi kumashishini amancinci okanye kumashishini kwanoma yibuphi ubukhulu. Ukongezelela, izicwangciso zokwabelana ngenzuzo zincedisa ukulungelelanisa ukuphuculwa kwemali yabasebenzi kwimpumelelo yenkampani.
Nangona kungekho mali esetyenzisiweyo ekufuneka ibe negalelo kwisicwangciso sokwabelana ngenzuzo ngamnye ngonyaka, kukho inani elincinci elinokubangela inxaxheba kwiplani yokwabelana ngenzuzo kumqeshwa ngamnye.
Isixa sitshintshana ngokwexesha kunye nexabiso lentengo. Isixa esiphezulu semali yesicwangciso sokwabelana ngenzuzo singaphantsi kweepesenti eziyi-100 yembuyekezo okanye i-54,000 zamawaka ngo-2017. Okongeziweyo, inani lembuyekezo yakho enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo xa kuqwalaselwa umqeshi kunye neminikelo yomsebenzi iyancipha. Imbuyekezo yokunciphisa i-$ 270,000 ngo-2017.
Isicwangciso Sokuthenga Imali
Isicwangciso sokuthengwa kwemali okanye ipenshoni yokuthenga imali ngumhlobo wenkcazo yomhlala-phantsi ochazwe ngabanye abaqeshi. Izicwangciso zokuthengwa kwemali zinjengezinye izicwangciso zenkxaso ezichaziweyo, ezifana no- 401 (k) kunye no- 403 (b) nezicwangciso, ukuba zombini umqeshi nomqeshwa banikela inkxaso kwicebo. Yintoni eyenza iiplani zokuthenga iimali ezahlukileyo kukuba zifuna iminikelo yomqeshi eqingqiweyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba abaqeshi kufuneka banikele ipesenteji echanekileyo yomvuzo ngamnye womqeshwa ofanelekileyo ngonyaka kwii-akhawunti zabo zomhlalaphantsi.
Izicwangciso zokuthengwa kwemali zifana nezicwangciso zokwabelana ngenzuzo , kodwa ngesicwangciso-sabelo-mali, umqeshi unokumisela unyaka ngamnye ukuba luza kubelwa kangakanani abasebenzi.
Esikhundleni sepesenti ehleliweyo yomvuzo, umqeshi-ukwabelana ngenzuzo unokugqiba isigqibo sokuba nesabelo esicacileyo somvuzo, kwaye usasaze kubasebenzi ngamnye ngonyaka njengepesenti yomvuzo. Kubaqeshi, izicwangciso zokuthengwa kwemali zenza uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nokucwangciswa kweminikelo elula, ngelixa iiplani zokwabelana ngenzuzo zinikezela ngakumbi ukuguquguquka kwiminyaka engaphantsi.
Iintlawulo ezenziwe kwizicwangciso zokuthenga ngemali zichithwa irhafu kumqeshi kunye nokuhlawulwa kwentela kubasebenzi. Utyalo-mali lukhula ngaphandle kweerhafu ngaphandle kokuba imali ihoxiswe ngomhlalaphantsi.
Kukho umda wokuba bangakanani abasebenzi abanokufaka isandla kwicebo lokuthenga imali. Umda ulungelelanise ixesha kunye neendleko zokuphila. Ngo-2017, igalelo kwiiplani zokuthenga imali zifakwe kwiipesenti ezingama-25 zomvuzo womqeshwa okanye i-54,000 zamawaka, nantoni na ngaphantsi.
Plans Keogh
Izicwangciso zeCeogh zisetyenziselwa ukuba zikhethiwe ngokusisigxina somhlala-phantsi. Kodwa kule minyaka elishumi edluleyo, bafihliwe ii-SEP, ii-SIMPLE IRAs, kunye ne-solo 401 (k). Enyanisweni, i-IRS ayisayi kubhekisela ku-Keoghs, kodwa isakhiwo esibaxhasayo sisakho. Unokumisela i-Keogh njengempesheni okanye isicwangciso-mali esichaziweyo, apho ubeka khona i-fund yemali yonyaka. Imingcele yegalelo i $ 215,000 ngo-2017, okanye i-100 ekhulwini yembuyekezo, eyenza ikhangele iingcali ezenza imali eninzi kwaye zifuna ukubeka eceleni imali ephezulu yokuthatha umhlalaphantsi. Unokuyibeka kwakhona njengesicwangciso senkxaso esichaziweyo esisebenza njengama-401 (k), kunye nomda we-54,000 wamawaka ngo-2017. Kodwa iphepha lemiqulu elifunekayo ukugcina isicwangciso se-Keogh lenza kube lula kakhulu kunabanini banini-shishini.
Plans Benefit Plans
Isicwangciso esicacisiweyo senzuzo kukukhetha okulungileyo ukuba wenza imali eninzi kwaye ufuna ukufaka isandla ngaphezu kokuvunyelwa ukuba ufake isandla kwi-SEP, iSIMPLE IRA, okanye i-Individual (k) Cwangcisa. Ngolu hlobo lwesicwangciso, kufuneka ube nento ebizwa ngokuba ngumlawuli wenkampani yesithathu okanye i-actuary, onceda unqume inani kunye nexesha leminikelo yakho.
Isamba esiphezulu semali kwisicwangciso esixhamliweyo sichazwe ngumlawuli wakho wecebo ngokusekelwe kwifomu, ngoko igalelo elikhulu lizahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya kumntu kuxhomekeke kwimimiselo yesicwangciso sakho.
Imirhumo iyadingeka ngonyaka, kwaye umrhumo wenkxaso udla ngokubanzi. Lolu hlobo lwesicwangciso somhlala-ntle lulungele umntu oqeshwe ngumntu okanye ishishini elinomvuzo ongezantsi kwaye ufuna ukuyeka imali eninzi ngonyaka ngamnye kwisiseko sokuhlawula irhafu.
Ukuba unako okanye uceba ukuzisa abasebenzi kwixesha elizayo, kuya kufuneka ubenzele iminikelo ngokubhekiselele kwimimiselo echazwe kwisicwangciso sakho soxwebhu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abasebenzi bafanelekile ukuba banikele ngeminikelo xa:
- Usebenze ngaphezu kweeyure eziyi-1 ngonyaka
- Usebenzele wena ngaphezu konyaka omnye (unokubeka lo mda kwiminyaka emibini ukuba ngaba ipesenti eziyi-100 zinikezelwe ngeminikelo yomqeshi xa loo mnikelo iyenziwa
- Uneminyaka engama-21 okanye ngaphezulu
Ngo-2017, ininzi umqeshwa angayifumana kwiingeniso zonyaka phantsi kwesicwangciso esicacisiwe-mali esincinci ye-215,000 okanye i-100 ekhulwini yomvuzo omyinge omkhulu abawuthola kwixesha elilandelelanayo leminyaka emithathu. (Umda ophezulu-mali ochaziweyo-i-plates-benefit benefits) ivumela abaqeshi ukuba bahlawule umhlalaphantsi onokuhlawula inzuzo kwintsali yomsebenzi womhlala phantsi.
IiRadio okanye iRoth IRAs
Ukuba ufuna iindlela ezongezelelweyo zokugcina umhlalaphantsi, i-Akhawunti yoMhlala-phantsi ngamnye ivulelekile kunoma ubani ongenayo imali engenayo (nangona i-Roth IRA ixhomekeke kwimingcele yembuyekezo). I-Roth IRAs okanye i-Roth IRAs isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa nezinye izicwangciso, kodwa gcinani engqondweni umrhumo wendabuko we-IRA onokuyichitha kwiirhafu zakho zentlawulo ingancishiswa. Umda wegalelo we-IRA ngo-2017 yi-$ 5,500 (i-$ 6,500 iminyaka eyi-50 okanye ngaphezulu).
Isishwankathelo
Ibhizinisi elincinci alinanto lithetha iintlawulo ezincinci. Izicwangciso zomhlala-phantsi ezikhethekileyo zivumele ukuba uzilungiselele umhlala-phantsi okhuselekileyo ngexesha elifanayo ukhulisa umoya wakho woshishino. Ukufumana ulwazi oluninzi malunga nezicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zomhlalaphantsi ezifumanekayo kumashishini amancinci, jonga ukupapashwa kwe-IRS 560, iSicwangciso soMhlala-phantsi seShishini elincinci okanye olu luhlu lweZibonelelo zoLondolozo lweShishini elincinci.