I-Technique yokuPhakamisa izinto kwiMetali
I-Metallographic enchinge yinkqubo yamachiza esetyenziselwa ukugqamisa iimpawu zentsimbi kumanqanaba amancinci. Ngokufunda umlingani , ubuninzi, nokusabalalisa kwezi mpawu ezahlukeneyo, i-metallurgists inokuqikelela kwaye ichaze iipropati zomzimba kunye nokusilela komsebenzi wesampuli esinikeziweyo.
I-Etching ibonisa njani iingxaki kwiimpawu?
Uninzi lweempawu ze-metallurgical bubuncinane ngobukhulu; azikwazi ukubonwa okanye ukuhlaziywa ngaphandle kokuphakanyiswa kokubonakalayo okungenani ngama-50x kunye no-1000x xa usebenzisa i-microscopes elula.
Ukuhlalutya ezo zixhobo, isampuli yesinyithi kufuneka iphotshelwe kwisiqhelo esifanelekileyo sesibuko. Ngelishwa, phantsi kwe-microscope, loo ndawo ephosiweyo ibukeka nje njengentsimi emhlophe.
Ukwenza umehluko phakathi kwezinto ze-microstructure zetsimbi, izixazululo zeekhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba yizitchangu zisetyenziswa. Iimpawu zikhetha ezinye iindawo, ezibonakalisa zibe ziindawo ezimnyama. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ulwahlulo ekubunjweni, kwisakhiwo, okanye kwisigaba sensimbi luguqula ireyithi ezihambelana nokubola xa zibonakaliswe kwi-etchant.
Izithambiso zisetyenziselwa ukubonisa:
- umlo kunye nobukhulu bemida yeenkozo (iiphene kwi-crystal structure)
- izigaba zetsimbi (iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zetsimbi kwi-alloy)
- izikhokelo (ubuncinci bezinto ezingezantsi zetsimbi)
- ingqibelelo yamanqaku e-solder, ngokukodwa kwimveliso ye-elektroniki
- ukuphantwa kunye neminye imiba kwi-welds
- ukulingana, umgangatho kunye nobukhulu bezinto zokugaya
Iintlobo ze-Metallographic Etching
Ngokutsho kwe-website ethi Metalographic.com, "Ukubamba iprogram yembonakaliso yezinto eziphathekayo, iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokufaka izinto ziquka:
- Amachiza
- Electrolytic
- Ukushisa
- Plasma
- Ityuwa
- Magnetic
Amacandelo amabini aqhelekileyo amachiza kunye ne-electrochemical grazing.
Ukufakela imichiza ngokuqhelekileyo kukudibanisa nokuba i-asidi okanye isiseko kunye ne-oxidizing okanye ukunciphisa i-agent kwi-solute efana notywala. I-electrochemical grapping is adibaniso lweemichiza kunye nombane wombane / okhoyo. "
I-Etching isetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukungaphumeleli komnxeba
I-Metallurgists ziyingcali zenzululwazi ezisemgangathweni kunye nesakhelo sezinyithi. Xa izitya zingaphumeleli (umzekelo, isakhiwo sidibana), kubalulekile ukuqonda izizathu. I-Metallurgists ihlola iisampuli zetsimbi ukucacisa izizathu zokungaphumeleli.
Kukho ngaphezulu kweendlela ezili-12 ezahlukahlukeneyo ezenziwe ngamacandelo afana ne-ammonia, i-hydrogen peroxide kunye ne-hydrochloric acid. Izisombululo ezahlukeneyo zisebenzisekile ukubethelela izitya ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-ASTM 30, eyenziwe ngo-Amoniya, i-Hydrogen Peroxide (3%), kunye ne-DI Water, isetyenziselwa ukubethelela ithusi. I-Etch kaKeller, eyenziwe ngamanzi adibeneyo, i-asidi ye-nitric, i-Hydrochloric acid, ne-Hydrofluoric acid, iyona nto ibhetele yokuchonga i-aluminium kunye ne-altare.
Ngokubethelwa ngeekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo, i-metallurgists ingabonisa iintlobo ezininzi zeengxaki zeesampuli zetsimbi. Ukubambisa kungabonakalisa iintlupheko ezincinci, izibonda, okanye ukungeniswa kweesampuli zetsimbi. Ulwazi olunikezwa ngumbonakalo luvumela i-metallurgists ukuba ifumene ukuba kutheni insimbi ingaphumeleli.
Xa kukho ingxaki ethile ichongiwe, kunokwenzeka ukuphepha ingxaki efanayo kwixesha elizayo.