Fumana ulwazi kwi-Lightest of All Metal Elements kunye nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo
I-Magnesesi yinto elula kunazo zonke izakhi zensimbi kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizilwanyana zesakhiwo ngenxa yobunzima bayo bokukhanya, amandla kunye nokumelana nokubola .
Kukho amaminerali angama-60 ahlukeneyo awaziwayo ukuba anomxholo we-magnesium we-20% okanye ngaphezulu, okwenza kube yinto yesibhozo ephezulu kunomhlaba. Kodwa xa kubonakala ukuba imizimba yamanzi, i-magnesium iba yinto eninzi kunabo bonke emhlabeni.
Oku kungenxa yento enomxholo wamagesiza emanzini etyuwa, aphakathi kwama-1290 amanani kwisigidi (ppm). Nangona kunjalo, nangona kunjalo, ukuveliswa kweemveliso ze-magnesium i-757,000 ithoni ngonyaka.
Iipropati
- I-Atomic Symbol: uMg
- Inomic Number: 12
- Icandelo le-Element: Isitye se-alkaline
- Ubuninzi: 1.738 g / cm 3 (20 ° C)
- I-Melting Point: 1202 ° F (650 ° C)
- Indawo yokubilisa: 1994 ° F (1090 ° C)
- Ubunzima bukaMoh: 2.5
Iimpawu
Iimpawu ze-Magnesium zifana nomnina wabo wesinyithi, i- aluminium . Akunalo kuphela ubunzima obuphantsi kwezinto zonke zetsimbi, okwenza kube lula kakhulu, kodwa kunamandla kakhulu, ukuxhatshazwa ngokugqithisileyo kwaye kukhange kube lula.
Imbali
I-Magnesium yafunyanwa njengento eyingqayizivele ngo-1808 nguSir Humphrey Davy kodwa ingavelwanga kwifomu yensimbi kude kube ngo-1831 xa u-Antoine Bussy wenza i-magnesium ngexesha lokulinga nge-magnesium chloride.
Ukuveliswa kwemveliso ye-electrolytic magnesium yaqala eJamani ngo-1886.
Leli lizwe lahlala liyimveliso kuphela ukuya ngowe-1916 xa imfuno yempi ye-magnesium (ngeentaba kunye neengqapheli zamatye) zaholela kwimveliso e-US, Great Britain, France, Canada kunye neRashiya.
Ukuveliswa kwe-magnesium yehlabathi kuye kwaphela phakathi kweemfazwe, nangona umkhiqizo waseJamani wawuqhubeka ukuxhasa ukunyuka kwezempi zamaNazi.
Imveliso yaseJamani yenyuka ibe ngama-20 000 ngamathani ngowe-1938, i-60% yemveliso yomhlaba wonke.
Ukuze i-catch-up, i-US isekele izixhobo zokuvelisa i-magnesium ezili-15, kwaye ngo-1943, yayinamandla angaphezu kwama-265,000 amathani we-magnesium.
Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ukuveliswa kwe-magnesium kwakhona, njengoko abavelisi bekunzima ukufumana iindlela zokonga ukukhupha isinyithi ukwenzela ukuba ixabiso layo likhuphisane neendleko ze-aluminium.
U ku velisa
Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nohlobo lwesityebi esisetyenzisiweyo, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa zingasetyenziselwa ukucokisa i-magnesium zetsimbi.
Oku kubangelwe ukuba zombini i-magnesium ininzi kakhulu, eyenza ukuveliswa kwiindawo ezininzi kunokwenzeka, kwaye ukuba izicelo zokuphela kwesinyithi zincinci zixabiso elifanelekileyo, ukwenzela ukuba abakhuthazi bahlale befuna umthombo wexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu.
I-magnesium yamasiko ikhiqizwa kwi-dolomite kunye ne-magnesite ore, kunye ne-magnesium chloride equkethe i-brine yetshefu (ityiliti eyenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo).
Izicelo
Ngenxa yokufana kwayo ne-aluminium, i-magnesium ingasetyenziselwa ukuba ithathe indawo yamanzi amaninzi, ukuba akuninzi, izicelo ze-aluminium. I-Magnesium isagqityiwe, kodwa iyancitshiswa ngeendleko zayo, ezenza isinyithi malunga ne-20% ebiza ngaphezu kwe-aluminium.
Ngenxa yokuthengiswa kweerhafu kwi-magnesium yaseChina, amaxabiso ase-United States angaba phantse kabini i-aluminium.
Ingaphezulu kwesiqingatha se-magnesium isetyenziselwa i-alloys ene-aluminium, exabiswa ngamandla, ukukhanya, nokuchasana nokukhawuleza, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zezimoto. Enyanisweni, abavelisi beemoto ezahlukeneyo basebenzisa i-magnesium-aluminium (i-Mg-Al) ama-alloys ukuvelisa iivili ezinamavili, iikholeji ezihambayo, iibhanki zenkxaso, iipaneli zeetayiti, iipedals kunye neendawo ezininzi ze-inlet, phakathi kwezinye iindawo ezininzi. Ukufa kwe-Mg-Al kusetyenziswe kwakhona ukwenza ukuhanjiswa kunye nama-clutch housings.
Amandla amakhulu kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion kubaluleke kakhulu kwiinqanawa ze-aerospace, kunye ne-helicopter kunye nebhodi zebhodi zebhodi zebhodi, ezininzi zazo zixhomekeke kwi-alsizi ye-magnesium.
Ubhiya kunye nokusela izikhumba azikho iimfuno ezifanayo njengama-alloys e-aerospace, kodwa ixabiso elincinci le-magnesium lisetyenziselwa i-aluminium alloy eyenza ezi zitini.
Nangona kusetyenziswa kuphela inani elincinci le-magnesium nganye, le shishini lisaba ngumthengi omkhulu kwinsimbi.
Ama-alnesi aseMagnesiyam asetyenziswa nakwamanye amashishini apho kubaluleke khona ukubaluleka okubaluleke kakhulu, njengamacandelo e-chainsaws kunye namashishini, nakwezinto zemidlalo ezinjengeebhola ze-baseball kunye ne-reels reels.
Kuphela, i-magnesium yintsimbi ingasetyenziswa njenge-deulpherizer kwimveliso yensimbi kunye neyinyithi , njenge-deoxidizer ekunciphiseni i- titanium , i-zirconium, ne- hafnium , kunye ne-nodularizer kwimveliso ye-nodular cast iron.
Ezinye izinto zokwenza i-magnesium zifana ne-anode yokukhusela i-cathodic kwiitanki zokugcinwa kweekhemikhali, iipayipi, kunye neenqanawa, kunye nokuveliswa kweebhomu ze-flare, amabhomu ahlaselekileyo kunye nemisebenzi yomlilo.
Imithombo
Ukuze uphumelele imbali ye-magnesium, nceda ubone iMbali kaBob Brown yeMagnesium, ekhoyo kwi-Magnesium.com. http://www.magnesium.com
USGS. Iimveliso zeMineral Summaries: iMagnetesi (2011).
Umthombo: http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/magnesium/
I-International Magnesium Association. www.intlmag.org