Fumana iNgcaciso uze ufumane ukuba zeziphi iindlovu iXesha elibhekiselele kulo
Igama elithi 'isalathisi sensimbi' lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza iqela lezakhi zetsimbi ezinamaqondo aphezulu ancibilikiweyo kwaye azixhatshazi ukugqoka, ukubola kunye nokuchithwa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezoshishino zexesha elichanekileyo lentsimbi lidla ngokubhekisela kwizinto ezinhlanu eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo:
- Molybdenum (Mo)
- Niobium (Nb)
- Rhenium (Re)
- Tantalum (Ta)
- Tungsten (W)
Nangona kunjalo, iinkcazo ezibanzi zibandakanya nezitye ezingasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo:
- Chromium (Cr)
- Hafnium (Hf)
- Iridium (Ir)
- Osmium (Os)
- Rhodium (Rh)
- Ruthenium (Ru)
- Titanium (Ti)
- Vanadium (V)
- Zirconium (Zr)
Iimpawu
Inkalo yokuchonga yeesinyithi ezichasayo kukunyanzelisa ukushisa. Ezi zintlanu zerhwebo ezichanekayo zinezixhobo ezincibilikisayo ezingaphezu kwama-3632 ° F (2000 ° C).
Amandla ensimbi echanekayo kwiqondo eliphezulu, ngokubambisana nobunzima bawo, eyenza ukuba ibe yinto efanelekileyo yokusika kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.
Iimpawu zengqungquthela nazo ziyaxhatshazwa ngokutshatyalaliswa kwamathambo, oku kuthetha ukuba ukufudumala okuphindaphindiweyo nokupholisa akuyi kubangela lula ukunyuselwa, uxinzelelo kunye nokuqhekeka.
Izitye zonke zinomlinganiselo ophezulu (zinzima) kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zogesi kunye nezokushisa.
Enye ipropati ebalulekileyo ukuxhatshazwa kwabo, ukutyekela kwezinyithi ukuphosa ngokukhawuleza phantsi kwefuthe loxinzelelo.
Ngenxa yokuba banako ukwenza umgca wokukhusela, izitye zokukhangela ziyanqandeka ukubola, nangona zikwazi ukukhupha ngokukhawuleza kumaqondo aphezulu.
I-Refractory Metals kunye nePowder Metallurgy
Ngenxa yamaphuzu abo aphezulu kunye nobunzima, iimboni ezikhanyelayo zivame ukucutshungulwa kwifom powder kwaye azizange zenziwe ngokukhangela.
I-powders yensimbi yenziwe ngamanqanaba athile kunye neefom, emva koko ixutywe ukwenza umxube ofanelekileyo wepropati, ngaphambi kokuba ihlanganiswe kwaye ifakwe.
Ukucwenga kubandakanya ukutshisa i-metal powder (ngaphakathi kwesikhunta) ixesha elide. Ngaphantsi kokushisa, iincinci ze-powder ziqala ukubophelela, zenze isiqulatho esiqinileyo.
Ukucwenga kunokubambisa isinyithi kwiqondo elisezantsi kunezinga lokuqhafaza, inzuzo enkulu xa usebenza kunye neensimbi ezikhanyelayo.
ICaride Powders
Enye yeyona ndlela iqala ukusetyenziswa kweempahla ezininzi ezinokukhenkcela zavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kunye nokuphuhliswa kwe-carbides enomsila.
I-Widia , yokuqala ye-tungsten carbide eyenziwa ngentengiso, yasungulwa yiNkampani yase-Osram (eJamani) kwaye ithengiswa ngowe-1926. Oku kwakhokelela ekuqhubekeni kokuvavanya kunye nobunzima obunqabileyo obuchanekileyo, ekugqibeleni okukhokelela ekuphuhliseni i-carbide yamathambo anamhlanje.
Iimveliso zempahla ye-carbide zihlala zixhamla kumxube wee powders ezahlukeneyo. Le nkqubo yokudibanisa ivumela ukuqaliswa kwezakhiwo ezixhamlayo kwizinyithi ezahlukeneyo, ngaloo ndlela, ukuvelisa izinto eziphezulu kunezinto ezinokudalwa ngetsimbi. Ngokomzekelo, i-Widia powder yasekuqaleni yayine-5-15% ye-cobalt.
Qaphela: Bona oku ngakumbi kwiipropati zetsimbi ezikhanyelayo kwitafile ngasezantsi kwephepha
Izicelo
Ama-alloys kunye necarbides ezisetyenzisiweyo ezisetyenzisiweyo zisetyenziswe kuwo onke amashishini amakhulu, kuquka i-electronics, i-aerospace, i-automotive, iikhemikhali, imayini, iteknoloji yenyukliya, i-metal processing, ne-prosthetics.
Uluhlu olulandelayo lokusetyenziswa kwexesha lokugqibela lwezinyithi lenziwe ngumbutho we-Refractory Metals:
Tungsten Metal
- I-Incandescent, i-fluorescent, kunye neenqwelomoya zezibane
- Anodes kunye neethagethi zeetayibhile ze-x
- I-Semiconductor inkxaso
- I-electrodes ye-arc efakwe kwi-arc welding
- Izixhobo zokuphakamisa amandla
- I-electrodes i-xenon zibanezibane
- Iinkqubo zokutshayela izithuthi
- Izibilini zeRicket
- I-electronic tube emitters
- Ukusetyenziswa kweeUranium
- Ukutshisa izinto kunye neenkukhu zemizi
- I-Alloying elements kwi-steels kunye nama-superalloys
- Ukuqiniswa kwiimpawu ze-metal-matrix
- I-Catalysts kwiinkqubo zamachiza kunye neepetrochemical
- Izixhobo
Molybdenum
- I-Alloying eyongeziweyo kwiimvenge, i-steels, ii-steels ezingenasici, izixhobo ze-steels kunye ne-nickel-base superalloys
- Isondo lokugaya isondo eliphezulu
- Ukutshiza izityambo
- Ukufa ngokufa kukufa
- Izixhobo zeenjini ze-Missile kunye ne-rocket
- I-electrodes kunye neentonga zeglasi ekwakhiweni kweglasi
- Izixhobo zomlilo zokushisa, iinqanawa, iinkophe zokushisa, kunye ne-liner liner
- Zincinci zokucoca i-Zinc, iimpahla zokuhlamba iimpahla, iigraves, i-stirrer kunye nemithombo yamatrocouple
- Ukuveliswa kweendonga zombhobho wenyukliya
- Tshintsha i electrode
- Ukuxhaswa kunye nokuxhaswa kwabaxhasi kunye nabalungisi
- Ukunyanzeliswa nokuxhaswa kweefowuni kwimiyalezo yezimoto
- I-tube ye-vacuum ifumana
- Izitiketi ze-Rocket, iimbonki, kunye neentloko zokhuselo
- Izixhobo eziMnyama
- Superconductors
- Inkqubo yenkqubo yemichiza
- Ukukhusela iikhoksi kumaziko aphezulu okushisa okushisa
- I-alloying izithako kwi-alloys ezifayo kunye nabaphathi be-superconductors
Cemented Tungsten Carbide
- Cemented Tungsten Carbide
- Ukusika izixhobo zokuchonga izitye
- Izixhobo zobunjineli zenyukliya
- Izixhobo zokugaya iimayini kunye neoli
- Ukufa kwenziwa
- Ukwenziwa koMnxeba
- Izikhokelo zenkcazo
ITungsten enoMnxeba
- Ukutshatyalaliswa
- Izihlalo zeValve
- Iibhanqa zokusika izinto ezinzima kunye nezinto ezihlaselayo
- Amaphuzu epen
- Iibhondi zamabhondi kunye neenkomo
- Intsimbi enzima
- Iimpawu zokhuselo
- Izixhobo zokulwa
- Izixhobo zokujonga ezizimeleyo
- Iinkqubo zokulinganisa ikhamera
- I-helicopter i-rotor i-balance balance
- Ukufakwa kwesisindo seGold
- Izidumbu
- Iimpahla zombutho
- Ukuxiliswa kwamanzi
- I-Military Ordnance
- Shotgun pellets
Tantalum
- Electrolytic capacitors
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi
- Bayonet ukushisa
- Iimpawu zomsomometer
- Iifudu zefuthe zokukhupha
- Inkqubo yenkqubo yemichiza
- Izixhobo zefutha eziphezulu
- Izibetho zokuphatha izitye ezincibilikileyo kunye nama-alloys
- Ukusika izixhobo
- Iinjongo zeenjini ze-Aerospace
- Implantshi zokupanda
- I-alloy additive in superalloys
Iipropati zeMpahla zeMatriki eziPhephayo
| Uhlobo | Iyunithi | Mo | Ta | Nb | W | IRha | Zr |
| UkuCoca koBuchule | 99.95% | 99.9% | 99.9% | 99.95% | 99.0% | 99.0% | |
| U buninzi | cm / cc | 10.22 | 16.6 | 8.57 | 19.3 | 21.03 | 6.53 |
| ii-lbs / kwi- 2 | 0.369 | 0.60 | 0.310 | 0.697 | 0.760 | 0.236 | |
| Indawo yokunyibilika | Celcius | 2623 | 3017 | 2477 | 3422 | 3180 | 1852 |
| ° F | 4753.4 | 5463 | 5463 | 6191.6 | 5756 | 3370 | |
| Point yo kubilisa | Celcius | 4612 | 5425 | 4744 | 5644 | 5627 | 4377 |
| ° F | 8355 | 9797 | 8571 | 10,211 | 10,160.6 | 7911 | |
| Ubunzima obunzima | DPH (vickers) | 230 | 200 | 130 | 310 | - | 150 |
| Ukuqhuba Ukushisa (@ 20 ° C) | ikhal / cm 2 / cm ° C / isekhondi | - | 0.13 | 0.126 | 0.397 | 0.17 | - |
| I-Coefficient of Exmal expansion | ° C x 10 -6 | 4.9 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 4.3 | 6.6 | - |
| Ukuhlaliswa kombane | Micro-ohm-cm | 5.7 | 13.5 | 14.1 | 5.5 | 19.1 | 40 |
| Ukusebenza kombane | % IACS | 34 | 13.9 | 13.2 | 31 | 9.3 | - |
| I-Tensile Strength (KSI) | Eyona ndawo | 120-200 | 35-70 | 30-50 | 100-500 | 200 | - |
| 500 ° C | 35-85 | 25-45 | 20-40 | 100-300 | 134 | - | |
| 1000 ° C | 20-30 | 13-17 | 5-15 | 50-75 | 68 | - | |
| I-elongation encinane (i-intshi eyi-1 intshi) | Eyona ndawo | 45 | 27 | 15 | 59 | 67 | - |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 500 ° C | 41 | 25 | 13 | 55 | 55 | |
| 1000 ° C | 39 | 22 | 11.5 | 50 | - | - |
Umthombo: http://www.edfagan.com