'I- Brass ' ibinzana eliqhelekileyo elibhekiselele kwizinto ezininzi zobhedu - ii- zinc alloys . Enyanisweni, kukho iintlobo ezi-60 ezahlukeneyo zobhedu ezichazwe yimigangatho ye-EN (yaseYurophu Norm). Ezi alloyi zinokubakho uluhlu olubanzi lweziqulatho ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwiipropati ezifunekayo kwisicelo esithile. Iibhonkco zinakho ukuhlatyathwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa nepropati zazo, izakhiwo ze-crystal, umxholo we-zinc kunye nombala.
I-Crystal Structures
Ulwahlulo olubalulekileyo phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zobhedu luchongwa ngezakhiwo zabo ze-crystal. Kungenxa yokuba ukudibanisa ubhedu kunye ne-zinc kubonakaliswa ngokuqiniswa kwe-peritectic, indlela yokufunda yokuthi izakhi zimbini zidibanisa izakhiwo ze-athomu, ezizenza zidibanise ngeendlela ezizodwa ngokuxhomekeke kwizilinganiso zomxholo kunye namaqondo okushisa. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezintathu ze-crystal zakhiwo zingabumba ngenxa yezi zinto:
- I-Alpha Brasses: I- Alpha ye-brasses iqulethe ngaphantsi kwe-37% ye-zinc incibilike ibe yibhedu kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yilo lwakhiwo lwe-alphagen. Isakhiwo se-crystal alpha senzeka njengoko i-zinc ichithwa ngobhedu ukwenza isisombululo esomeleleyo sokubunjwa okufanayo. Ubhedu obunjalo bude kwaye buninzi be-ductile kunezihlobo zabo kwaye ngenxa yoko, kubanda kakhulu kubanda, kushicilelwe, kugqitywe, kutywelwa, kukhonjiwe okanye kukhwelwe.
Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-altare lwesibane luqulethe iipesenti ezingama-30 zinc kunye ne-70 ekhulwini. Ebhekiselwe njenge-'70 / 30 'yobhedu okanye' i-cartridge brass '(i-UNS Alloy C26000), le alloy alloy inexube elifanelekileyo lamandla kunye nodada ngenxa yokubanda kubanda. Kwakhona kunokumelana nokukhwabanisa ngaphezu kobhedu kunye nomxholo omkhulu we-zinc. Iintlobo ze-Alpha ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto zokukhawuleza, ezifana nezikhonkwane zokhuni, kunye noonxibelelwano basentwasaweni kwizibane zombane.
- I-Alpha-Beta Brasses: I- Alpha-beta yobhedu - eyaziwa nangokuthi 'iibumba zeetraf' okanye 'ubhedu obushushu' -qukethe i-37-45% ye-zinc kwaye yenziwe ngokusesikweni kokutya okutya okusanhlamvu kunye ne-beta okusanhlamvu kwesakhiwo. Isigaba sesibethusi sesibetri sinokufana nesimo se-zinc ecocekileyo. Umlinganiselo wesigaba se-alpha ukuya kubheja lwesigaba sebheyithi senziwa ngumxholo we-zinc, kodwa ukufakwa kwezixhobo ze- alloy efana ne- aluminium , i-silicon okanye i- tin nakho kunokunyusa inani lebhesi yesigaba sebhedu ekhoyo kwi-alloy.
Okuqhelekileyo ngaphezu kobhedu lwe-alpha, ubhedu lwe-alpha-beta bubini bunzima kwaye bunamandla kwaye bunobuncwane obushushu obushushu, ngaphezu kobhedu lwe-alpha. Ubhedu lwe-Alpha-beta luyabizi ngenxa yemveliso ephezulu ye-zinc, kodwa ngaphezulu kunokukhutshwa kwe-dezincification corrosion.
Nangona usebenze kangangoko kunobhedu lwe-alpha kwindawo yokushisa, u-alpha-beta ubhedu bubaluleke kakhulu kwiqondo eliphezulu. Nangona kukho ukukhokela kukho ukuphucula ukuchithwa kwempahla njengobhedu obunqabileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ubhedu lwe-alpha-beta bubushushu busebenza ngokugqithiswa, ukubetha okanye ukukhangela ukufa.
- I-Beta Brasses: Nangona kuninzi okungaqhelekanga kusetyenziswe ngaphezu kwe-alpha okanye i-alpha-beta zobhedu, ubhedu beta bakha iqela lesithathu le-alloy equkethe umxholo ongaphezu kwe-45% we- zinc . Ubhedu obunjalo bubumba i-crystal structure crystal kwaye bunzima kwaye bunamandla kunezo zibini ze-alpha kunye ne-alpha-beta zobhedu. Ngaloo ndlela, banokutshitshiswa kuphela okanye baphoswe.
Ngokwahlulo lwekristal, ukuchonga i-alloys zethusi ngeempahla zabo kusenza siqwalasele impembelelo yokwenza isinyithi ngobhedu. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Ukupakisha kwentsimbi ye-bronze (3% ikhokelo)
- Ubhedu obuphezulu obunzima (i- aluminium , i- manganese kunye ne- iron inclusions)
- I-Naval brasses (~ 1% yeetoni )
- Iibhedu ezinqabileyo ezinobunzima (ukufakwa kwe-arsenic)
- Iibhonkco zokusebenzela ezibandayo (70/30 zobhedu)
- Ukubetha ubhedu (60/40 ithusi)
Imigaqo 'yobhedu obomvu' kunye 'nobomvu obomvu' - edlalwa kwi-US - isetyenziselwa ukuchonga ezithile iintlobo zethusi. Ubhedu obomvu bubhekisela kwi-altare ephezulu (85%) i-alloy equkethe i-tin (i-Cu-Zn-Sn), eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-gunmetal (C23000), ngelixa ubhedu obomvu kusetyenziswa ukubhekisela kwi-alloy shayela enomxholo ophezulu we-zinc ( 33% zinc), ngokwenza ubhedu bubonakale njengombala ophuzi wegolide.
Imithombo:
UMbutho woPhuhliso lweCopper. Brass
URL: www.copper.org/
I-Copper Development Association Inc. www.copper.org
Madehow.com. Brass.
URL: www.madehow.com
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