Iipropati
- Uhlobo lwe-Alloy: Binary
- Umxholo: I-Copper & Zinc
- Ubunzima: 8.3-8.7 g / cm 3
- I-Melting Point: 1652-1724 ° F (900-940 ° C)
- Ubunzima bukaMoh: 3-4
Iimpawu
Izakhiwo ezichanekileyo zobhedu obuhlukeneyo kuxhomekeke ekubunjeni kwe-alloy alloy, ngokukodwa ukulinganiswa kwebhesi-zinc.
Ngokubanzi, nangona kunjalo, zonke iibhedu zixabiswa ngokucutshungulwa kwazo okanye ukulungiswa kweso sakhiwo esinokubunjwa ngohlobo olufunwayo kunye neefom ngelixa zigcina amandla amakhulu.
Nangona kukho ukungafani phakathi kweethusi kunye nezinto eziphezulu kunye ne-low zinc, zonke iibhonsi zibhekwa njengento engapheliyo kunye ne- ductile (i-zinc ephantsi zethusi ngaphezulu). Ngenxa yezinga eliphantsi lokuqhaqha, ubhedu bunokuphinda lube lula. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphonsa izicelo, i-content ephezulu ye-zinc idla ngokukhetha.
I-Brasses kunye nomxholo we-zinc ophantsi ungabanda ngokugqithiseleyo, i-seld and brazed. Umxholo ophezulu wethusi uvumela ukuba isinyithi senze uhla lwe-oxide (patina) okhuselekileyo phezu kwendawo apho abalindi bebhekiselele ekuhambeni komhlaba, ipropati exabisekileyo kwizicelo ezibonisa ukuba isinyithi sinyame kwaye sibheke kwimozulu.
Isinyithi sinokushisa okuhle kunye nokuqhuba umbane ( ukuqhuba kwayo kombane kungabakho kwi-23% ukuya ku-44% yethusi elutyulukileyo), kwaye inxiba kwaye inganyanzeki.
Njengobhedu, iipropteriostatic zayo zenze ukuba kusetshenziswe kwiindawo zokuhlambela kunye nezonyango.
I-Brass ithathwa njenge-low friction kunye ne-non-magnetic alloy, ngelixa iipropati zayo ze-acoustic ziye zaphumela ekusebenziseni kwizinto ezininzi zomculo. Abaculi kunye nabacwangcisi baxabisa iimpawu zendalo zetsimbi, njengoko zinokuveliswa kwimibala eyahlukahlukeneyo, ukusuka ebomvu obomvu ukuya kwi-yellow yellow.
Imbali
Iimbumba ze-Copper-zinc zaveliswa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-5 BC eChina kwaye zazisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-Asia ephakathi nge-2 ne-3 leminyaka BC. Noko ke, ezi ziqwenga zetsimbi, zingaphambili zibhekiselwe kuthiwa 'zi-alloys zemvelo', kungabikho ubungqina bokuba abavelisi babo baziqhenqa ngokugqithiseleyo ithusi kunye ne-zinc. Esikhundleni saloo nto, mhlawumbi ukuba ama-alloys atyunjwa kwi-zinc-rich rires ores, evelisa izitya zethusi ezingenakucala.
Amaxwebhu aseGrike namaRoma athetha ukuba ukuveliswa ngamabomu ama-allofana afana nobhedu lwanamhla, usebenzisa ubhedu kunye ne-zinc oxide-ore eyaziwa njenge-calamine, kwenzeka ngekhulu le-1 BC. I-Calamine ithusi yenziwa nge-process cementation, apho ubhedu buncibilika kwi-crucible ne-smithsonite (okanye i-calamine) yomhlaba.
Emazingeni aphezulu aphezulu, i-zinc ekhoyo kwi-ore ijika ibe ngumphunga kwaye ijikeleze ubhedu. Le ndlela yokuveliswa kwebhedu yayisetyenziswa kwiminyaka engama-2000 ukuya kwangekhulu le-19 leminyaka. Kungekudala emva kokuba amaRoma ayefumene indlela yokuvelisa ubhedu, i-alloy yayisetyenziselwa ukuhlawula imali kwiindawo zeTurkey zanamhlanje. Ngokukhawuleza kwasasazeka kulo lonke ubukhosi baseRoma.
Iintlobo
'I-Brass' igama eliqhelekileyo elibhekiselele kwiindawo ezininzi zobhedu-zinc alloys.
Enyanisweni, kukho iintlobo ezi-60 ezahlukeneyo zobhedu ezichazwe yimigangatho ye-EN (yaseYurophu Norm). Ezi alloyi zinokubakho uluhlu olubanzi lweziqulatho ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwiipropati ezifunekayo kwisicelo esithile.
U ku velisa
I-Brass isoloko iveliswa kwi-scrap kunye neengxube ze-zinc. Ubhedu obuncotshiwe lukhethwe ngokubhekiselele ekungcoleni kwayo, njengoko ezinye izinto ezongezelelweyo zifunwa ukwenzela ukuvelisa ibakala elifanelekileyo lobhedu olufunekayo.
Ngenxa yokuba i-zinc iqala ukubilisa kwaye iphefumule ngo-1665 ° F (907 ° C), ngaphantsi kwendawo yokuqhafaza yombhobho ka-1981 ° F (1083 ° C), ubhedu kufuneka kudibaniswe kuqala. Xa iyancibilika, i-zinc yongezwa kumlinganiselo ofanelekileyo webakala lobhedu oluveliswayo. Nangona isibonelelo esithile sisoloko senzelwe ukulahleka kwe-zinc ukuphefumula.
Ngeli nqanaba, nayiphi enye insimbi eyongezelelweyo, njenge- lead , aluminium, i-silicon okanye i-arsenic, ifakwe kumxube ukwenza i-alloy efunwayo.
Emva kokuba i-alloy edibeneyo ilungile, ithululelwa kwiibumba ezinobumba apho iqina khona kwiibhola ezinkulu okanye amabhanti. Iibhentshini - eziqhelekileyo zethusi ye-alpha-beta - zingaphathwa ngqo kwiinkambo, iibhobho, kunye nezibhabhane ngokugqithisa okutshisayo, okubandakanya ukuchukumisa isinyithi esishushu ngokufa, okanye ukutshisa okutshisa.
Ukuba ingenakunyulwa okanye iqhutywe, iibhentshini ziphinda zitshintshwe kwaye zondliwe ngokusebenzisa i-roller rollers (inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yinto yokutshisa). Isiphumo si-slabs kunye nobukhulu obungaphantsi kwesiqingatha intshi (<13mm). Emva kokupholisa, ubhedu buya kutyiswa ngomshini wokugaya, okanye u-scalper, osika umgca obuncinci kwisitrity ukwenzela ukuba ususe iimpembelelo zomhlaba kunye ne-oxide.
Ngaphantsi kwemoya yegesi ukukhusela i-oxyidization, i-alloy ishushu kwaye ixutywe kwakhona, inqubo iyaziwa ngokuba ishintshi ngaphambi kokuba iqhutywe kwakhona kwiqondo lokushisa elipholileyo (ukunyusa okubanda) kwiimakhishithi ezi-0.1 "(2.5mm). Ukutshintsha isakhiwo sangqolowa sangaphakathi sobhedu, kubangele isinyithi esinamandla kwaye esinzima. Le nyathelo iya kuphinda iphindwe de ukufunyanwa ubunzima okanye ubunzima.
Ekugqibeleni, amakhishithi agqitywa kwaye agqitywe ukuvelisa ububanzi nobude obufunekayo. Zonke ii-sheets, zenziwe, zenziwe kunye nezixhobo zethusi ezigqithisiweyo zinikezwa i-baking yemichiza, ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa i-hydrochloric ne-sulfuric acid ukuze isuse ubuncinane be-oxide ye-copper oxide.
Izicelo
Iipropati ezixabisekileyo zeBrass kunye nokukhululeka kokuveliswa kwemveliso kuye kwenza enye yezona alloys ezisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ukuqulunqwa uluhlu olupheleleyo lwezinto zonke zobhedu kuza kuba ngumsebenzi omkhulu, kodwa ukufumana ingcamango yamashishini kunye neentlobo zeemveliso apho kubheduleka khona sinokukwazi ukubeka uluhlu kwaye sisishwankathele ukusetyenziswa kwesiphelo esekelwe kwibanga lobhedu elisetyenzisiweyo:
Ubhedu obuninzi bokusila (isib. C38500 okanye 60/40 zobhedu):
- Amantongomane, amabhontshi, iinxalenye ezifakiwe
- Iikota
- Jets
- Iifom
- Injectors