- Ulungiso lwendalo
- Ukhetho lweMetri kunye neMeko yoLimo
- Ukukhuselwa kweCathodic
- Ukunyuswa kwama-inhibitors
- Ukugqoka
- Ukutywala
Ukuguqulwa kokusingqongileyo
Ukuchithwa kubangelwa ukusebenzisana kweekhemikhali phakathi kwentsimbi kunye nokuphazamiseka kwendalo. Ngokususa isinyithi, okanye ukutshintsha, uhlobo lwendalo, ukungonakaliswa kwesimbi kunokuncitshiswa ngokukhawuleza.
Oku kunokuba kunzima njengokunciphisa umnxibelelwano ngemvula okanye emanzini olwandle ngokugcina izinto zetsimbi ngaphakathi okanye kungenziwa ngendlela yokuphathwa ngokuthe ngqo kwendalo engqongileyo.
Izindlela zokunciphisa isulfure, i-chloride okanye umthamo we-oksijini kwimeko engqongileyo zinganciphisa isantya se-metal corrosion.
Ngokomzekelo, amanzi okutya ngamanzi abilayo angaphathwa ngeetrafini okanye enye imidiya yamachiza ukulungisa ubunzima, umbane okanye umoya we-oksijini ukwenzela ukunciphisa ukubola ngaphakathi kweyunithi.
Ukhetho lweMetri kunye neMeko yoLimo
Akukho sinyithi ekhuselekile ukubola kwiindawo zonke, kodwa ngokubeka iliso nokuqonda imeko ezisingqongileyo ezibangelwa ukubola , ukutshintsha kwindlela yentsimbi esetyenzisiweyo kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni okuninzi ukubola.
Idatha yokuxhatshazwa kwensimbi ingasetyenziswa ngokudibene nolwazi kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo ukwenza izigqibo malunga nokufaneleka kwesitye ngasinye.
Ukuphuhliswa kwee-alloys ezintsha, ezenzelwe ukukhusela ukubola kwiindawo ezithile, zihlala ziphantsi kwemveliso. Iinqwelo ze- nickel ze-Hastelloy®, i-Nirosta®, kunye ne-Timetal® titanium alloys yiyo yonke imizekelo yealloys eyenzelwe ukukhuselwa kwe-corrosion.
Ukubeka iliso kwimiqathango yomhlaba kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuseleni ukuchithwa kwentsimbi kwi-corrosion. Imichilo, izixhobo okanye izinto ezikhuselayo, nokuba ngaba ziphumo zezidingo zokusebenza, ukugqoka nokudiliza, okanye iimpazamo zokukhiqiza, zonke zikhokelela ekubeni kukhulu ukukhula kweerhox.
Ukubeka iliso ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokupheliswa kweemeko ezingasemngciphekweni ezingasimfuneko, kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zenzelwe ukuphepha ukuhlanganiswa kwezetsimbi ezinokusebenza kunye nokuba amanxeba angasetyenziswa ekucoceni okanye ukugcinwa kweengxenye zensimbi nazo zonke ziyinxalenye yenkqubo yokunciphisa i-corrosion .
Ukukhuselwa kweCathodic
I-Galvanic i-corrosion iyenzeka xa izitya ezimbini ezihlukeneyo zihlala ndawonye kwi-electrolyte enokutsha.
Le ngxaki eqhelekileyo kwiinyoni zidibene kunye namanzi olwandle, kodwa zinokuthi zenzeke xa izitya ezimbini ezingafaniyo zibhaptizwa ngokusondeza kwihlabathi elomileyo. Ngenxa yezi zizathu, i-galvanic corrosion ihlasele iinqanawa, i-rigs e-offshore, ne-oyile kunye ne-gas.
Ukukhuselwa kweCathodic isebenza ngokuguqula izitifiketi ezingafunekiyo (ezisebenzayo) kwiindawo zensimbi ukuya kwiindawo ezingenayo i-cathodic (passive) ngokusetyenziswa kwesimo esichasayo. Okwangoku okuphikisanayo kunika ama-electrons akhululekile kunye nokunyanzelisa i-anode zendawo ukuba zihlonywe kwiindawo zokuhlala zendawo.
Ukukhuselwa kweCathodic kungathatha iifom ezimbini. Iyokuqala ukuqaliswa kwama-galvanic anodes. Le ndlela, eyaziwa njengendlela yokubingelela , isebenzisa i-anodes yensimbi, ifakwe kwisimo se-electrolytic, ukuzithobela ngokwazo (ukukhupha) ukwenzela ukukhusela i-cathode.
Nangona isinyithi efuna ukukhuselwa singakwazi ukuhluka, iinqanaba zedini ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe nge- zinc , aluminium , okanye i- magnesium , izitye ezinezinto ezinamandla kakhulu ezingenawo amandla. I-galvanic uchungechunge lunikeza ukuthelekiswa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zombane-okanye ubuhle - bezinyithi kunye nama-alloys.
Kwinkqubo yedini, ion i-metallic ihamba ukusuka kwi-anode ukuya kwi-cathode, ekhokelela ukuba i-anode ihlasele ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ingenjalo. Ngenxa yoko, i-anode kufuneka ishintshwe rhoqo.
Indlela yesibini yokukhusela i-cathodic ichazwa njengokhuseleko olukhoyo ngoku .
Le ndlela, edla ukusetyenziswa ekukhuseleni iipayipi engcwatywayo kunye neenqanawa zokuthumela iinqanawa, kufuna enye imithombo yombane okhoyo okhoyo ukuba unikezwe kwi-electrolyte.
Isithuba esibi saloo mthombo sixhomekeke kwisinyithi, ngelixa isigxina esilungileyo siqhotyoshelwe kwi-anode engumncedisi, eyongezwayo ukuzalisa isiphaluka zombane. Ngokungafani ne-galvanic (imihlatshelo) inkqubo ye-anode, kwinkqubo ekhuselweyo yokhuseleko lwangoku, i-anode engabancedi ayinakunyulwa.
Ukunyuswa kwama-inhibitors
I-corrosion inhibitors yile makhemikhali ayenzileyo xa isinyithi okanye ubuninzi bendalo bangela ukungcola, ngaloo ndlela, ukuphazamisa ukuphendula kwamakhemikhali okubangela ukubola.
Ama-inhibitors angasebenza ngokuzikhupha kwi-metal kunye nokwenza ifilimu ekhuselekileyo. Ezi khemikhali zingasetyenziswa njengesisombululo okanye njengengubo yokukhusela ngeendlela zokusabalalisa.
Inhibitors inkqubo yokunciphisa ukubola ixhomekeke kulo:
- Ukutshintsha ukuziphatha kwe-anodic okanye i-cathodic polarization
- Ukunciphisa ukusabalalisa kweeon kwi-metal surface
- Ukwandisa ukumelana kombane kwendawo yesinyithi
Amashishini amakhulu okugqibela ekusebenziseni i-inhibitors yokuguqulwa yi-petroleum refining, i-oyile kunye nokuhlolwa kwegesi, ukuveliswa kweekhemikhali kunye nezibonelelo zonyango lwamanzi. Inzuzo ye-inhibitors ye-corrosion kukuba inokusetyenziswa kwi-situ kwisitye njengento yokulungisa yokulwa nokubola okungazalwanga.
Izambatho
Iipayipi kunye nezinye iingubo ezigcobayo zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela isinyithi ukusuka kumonakalo owonakalisayo wokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Izambatho ziqokelelwe ngoluhlobo lwe-polymer oluqeshwe. Iingubo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- I-Alkyd kunye neengubo ze-epoxy ester zokuthi, xa umoya omile, khuthaza i-oxidation ye-cross link
- Iingubo ezimbini ze-urethane
- Izambatho zonyango eziphucukileyo ze-acrylic kunye ne-epoxy polymer
- I-Vinyl, i-acrylic okanye i-styrene i-polymer yokudibanisa iingubo ze-latex
- Zokugcoba ngamanzi
- Iingubo eziphezulu
- Zokugqoka
Ukutywala
Izambatho ze-metallic, okanye i-plating, zingasetyenziselwa ukuvimbela ukubola kunye nokubonelela ngobugcisa, ukugqiba. Kukho iintlobo ezine eziqhelekileyo zokugqoka zensimbi:
- I-Electroplating: Ubume obuncinci bensimbi - rhoqo i-nickel, i- tin , okanye i- chromium - ifakwe kwi-substrate yentsimbi (ngokubanzi isinyithi) kwindawo yokuhlamba i-electrolytic. I-electrolyte iquka isisombululo samanzi equkethe isalathisi yesitrity.
- Ukufakelwa kwamatshini: I-powder yombane inokubanda nge-sstrated metal kwi-substrate isinyithi ngokuwa kwelo nxalenye, kunye ne-powder kunye ne-glass bads, kwisisombululo esichengileyo. Ukufakela kweempawu kudla ukusetyenziswa ukusebenzisa i-zinc okanye i-cadmium kwiindawo ezincinci zensimbi
- I-electroless: Ingubo yensimbi, njenge- cobalt okanye i-nickel, ifakwe kwi-substrate yensimbi isebenzisa indlela yokusebenza kwamachiza kule ndlela engeyiyo yombane.
- Ukutshisa okufudumeleyo: Xa uhlambela kwibhotile ecikiweyo yokhuselo, ukutshiza isinyithi obuncitshiweyo bunamathele kwi-substrate yentsimbi.
Imithombo
Corrosionist.com. Izindlela zokuLawula ukuLawula.
Umthombo: www.corrosionist.com
Isikhokelo sokuKhuselwa koKhuseleko . UkuBambisana ngokuPhezulu / ngeCandelo. 1999.
Umthombo: http://www.a-sp.org/database/custom/cprotection/corrosionprotection.pdf