Iipropati
- I-Atomic Symbol: Yiba
- Inomic Number: 4
- Udidi lwe-Element: i-Alkaline Earth Metal
- Ubuninzi: 1.85 g / cm³
- I-Melting Point: 2349 ° F (1287 ° C)
- Indawo yokubilisa: 4476 ° F (2469 ° C)
- Mohs Ubunzima: 5.5
Iimpawu
I-beryllium echanekileyo yinto ekhanya kakhulu, inamandla kwaye iyinsimbi.
Ngobunzima be-1.85g / cm 3 , i-beryllium yinto yesibini elula kakhulu yesinyithi, emva kwe-lithium kuphela.
Insimbi enombala obomvu iyabaluleka njengento yokuxhamla ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuqhaqhazela, ukuxhathisa ukunyuka kunye nokukrazula, kunye nokuqina kwayo okunamandla kunye nokuqina kwe-flexural. Nangona kuphela malunga nekota enye ubunzima besitye , i-berillium iphindwe kathathu.
Njenge- aluminium , itsimbi ye-beryllium yenza i-oxide ecaleni kwendawo eyanceda ukulwa nokubola . Isitye zombini asiyi- magnetic and non-sparking - iipropati ezixabisekileyo kwintsi yeoli neyegesi - kwaye ine-conductivity ephakamileyo ephezulu kwiindawo ezininzi zokushisa kunye neendawo eziphambili zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu.
Icandelo eliphambanayo le-beryllium elingaphantsi kwe-x-ray kunye ne-neutron ephezulu yokusabalalisa i-cross section yenza kube lula kwiifestile ze-x kunye ne-neutron reflector kunye ne-moderator neutron kwizicelo zenukliya.
Nangona isakhi sinomdla ocolileyo, sichaphazela kwimizimba kunye nokuphuza umzimba kungakhokelela kwisifo esingapheliyo, esasisongela ubomi besifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-berylliosis.
Imbali
Nangona okokuqala bekunye ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, i-beryllium ye-metal ecocekileyo yayingakhange ifakwe ngowe-1828. Kuya kuba yinye inkulungwane ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe i-beryllium yezolimo.
Umpempi waseFransi uLouis-Nicholas Vauquelin ekuqaleni waqamba igama lakhe elitsha elitsha "glucinium" (kwi- glykys yesiGrike 'ye-sweet') ngenxa yengcamango yayo.
UFriedrich Wohler, owayesebenza ngokukhawuleza ekuzihlukaniseni into eJamani, wayekhetha i-beryllium yegama kwaye ekugqibeleni, i-International Union ye-Pure ne-Applied Chemistry eye yagqiba isigqibo sokuba i-beryllium ifunekayo.
Nangona uphando lwezakhiwo zetsimbi luqhubeka ngekhulu lama-20, kwakungekho ukugqitywa kwezakhiwo ezinobuncedo njenge-agent agent kule minyaka ye-20 leminyaka ukuba uphuhliso lwentengiso lensimbi lwaqala.
U ku velisa
I-Beryllium ikhutshwe kwiindidi ezimbini. beryl (Yiba 3 Al 2 (SiO 3 ) 6 ) kunye ne-bertrandite (Yiba 4 Si 2 O 7 (OH) 2 ). Nangona i-Beryl ibinomxholo ophezulu we-beryllium (ezintathu ukuya kwiihlanu kwipesenti ngesisindo), kunzima ukuhlambulula kune-bertrandite, ephakathi koko iqulethe i-beryllium engama-1.5. Ukucocwa kweenkqubo zombini, nangona kunjalo, zifana kwaye ziyakwenziwa kwisibonelelo esisodwa.
Ngenxa yobunzima obongezelelweyo, i-beryl ore kufuneka kuqala ilandelelwe ngokutshatyalaliswa kwisithando somlilo se-arc. Izinto ezibunjiweyo zithe zafakwa emanzini, zivelise i powder efanelekileyo ebizwa ngokuba 'frit'.
I-ore bertrandite kunye ne-frit echotshoziwe iqala ukuphathwa nge-acid ye-sulfuric, echitha i-beryllium kunye nezinye izinyithi ezikhoyo, ezibangele i-sulphate yamanzi.
Isisombululo se-sulfate esine-beryllium sihlanjululwe ngamanzi kwaye sondliwa kwiitanks eziqulethe i-hydrophobic chemicals.
Nangona i-beryllium ifakwa kwizinto eziphathekayo, isisombululo esisisiseko samanzi sigcina isinyithi , i-aluminium kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo. Le nkqubo yokukhutshwa kwe-solvent ingaphindwa kuze kube yilapho umxholo we-beryllium oyifunayo ugxininiswa kwisisombululo.
I-beryllium concentrate ilandelwa ngokulandelayo nge-ammonium carbonate kunye nokufudumala, ngaloo ndlela inqanda iberyllium hydroxide (BeOH 2 ). Ukucoceka okuphezulu beryllium hydroxide yinto ebonakalayo yokufakelwa kwezicelo ezinkulu zeli candelo, kubandakanya i-berylli alloys , i-beryllia ceramics kunye ne-beryllium yentsimbi eyenziweyo.
Ukuze kuveliswe i-beryllium yensimbi ephezulu, ifomu le-hydroxide lichithwa kwi-ammonium bifluoride kwaye ifuthe ngaphezu kwe-1652 ° F (900 ° C), ukudala i-beryllium fluoride.
Emva kokuphonswa kwi-molds, i-beryllium fluoride ixutywe kunye ne- magnesium etyhidiweyo kwiindawo ezibethekileyo kwaye zifudumele. Oku kuvumela i-beryllium ecocekileyo ukuba ihluke kwi-slag (impahla engcolileyo). Emva kokuhlukana kwi-slage ye-magnesium, i-beryllium spheres elinganisa malunga ne-97 ekhulwini elondoloziweyo.
I-magnesium engaphezulu iyatshiswa ngonyango olongezelelweyo kwisithando somlilo, eshiya i-beryllium engama-99.99 ekhulwini.
Ii-beryllium spheres ziguqulelwa ngokugqithiseleyo zibe ngumgubo ngokusebenzisa i-isostatic press, ukudala ipowder engasetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwee-alloys ze-brillium-aluminium okanye i-beryllium zetsimbi zokhuseleko.
I-Beryllium inokuphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona kwi-alloys e-scra. Nangona kunjalo, ubuninzi bezinto eziphinda zenziwe ziguquguquke kwaye zilinganiselwe ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwazo kwezobuchwepheshe obuchanekileyo, ezifana ne-electronics. I-beryllium ekhoyo ngobhedu-i-beryllium alloys esetyenziswa kwi-electronics kunzima ukuyiqokelela kwaye xa iqokelelwa kuqala ithunyelwa ngokubuyiswa kwebheyibhile, edibanisa umxholo we-beryllium kwixabiso elingenakulinganiswa.
Ngenxa yobume beqhinga lesitye, iinkalo ezichanekileyo zokuvelisa i-beryllium kunzima ukufikelela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuveliswa kwemveliso ye-beryllium eqikelelweyo kuqikelelwe ukuba yi-toni ezingama-500.
Ukugaya nokucocwa kwe-beryllium e-US, elandelelanisa ubuninzi beepesenti ezingama-90 yemveliso yehlabathi, ilawulwa yi-Materion Corp. Eyaziwa ngokuba yiBrush Wellman Inc., inkampani isebenza kwi-mine ye-Spor Intaba ye-bertrandite e-Utah kwaye ihlabathi likhulu umvelisi kunye nomhlengi we-beryllium yentsimbi.
Nangona i-beryllium ihlanjululwa kuphela e-US, eKazakhstan naseChina, i-beryl ichithwa kumazwe amaninzi, kuquka ne-China, Mozambique, Nigeria kunye neBrazil.
Izicelo:
I-Beryllium isebenzayo ingafakwa kwiindawo ezintlanu:
- Abathengi ngeekhomputha kunye nezocingo
- Izixhobo zoshishino kunye ne-commercial space
- Ukhuselo kunye nomkhosi
- Zonyango
- Okunye
Imithombo:
UWalsh, uKenneth A. Beryllium Khemistri kunye nokuCubungula . I-ASM Intl (2009).
Survey Geological Survey. INcwadi yeMaminali yeNcwadi ka-2011 . Beryllium. UBrian W. Jaskula.
URL: http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/beryllium/myb1-2011-beryl.pdf
Umbutho we-Beryllium Science and Technology. NgeBeryllium.
URL: http://beryllium.eu/
Vulcan, Tom. HardAssetInvestor.com. I-Beryllium Basics: Ukwakha Ngamandla NjengoMnxeba oyiCorical & Strategic
URL: http://www.hardassetsinvestor.com
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