Amalahle aseMetallurgical
Amalahle aseMetallurgical ahluke kumalahle aseburhulumenteni, asetyenziselwa amandla kunye nokufudumeza, ngokukhatyathwa kwekhabhoni kunye nekhono lokubamba.
Ubungakanani bokubamba ubhekisela kumandla okulahleka ukuba aguqulwe abe yi-coke, uhlobo oluthile lwekhabhoni olungasetyenziselwa kwipoksi ye-oksijini eyisiseko. Ilahle le-bituminous - ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwe njengebakala le-metallurgical - lilukhuni kwaye liluhlaza, kwaye liqukethe i-carbon ephezulu kunye nomswakama ongaphantsi kunye nomlotha kunamalahle asezantsi.
Ibakala lamalahle kunye nekhono layo lokuzigcina lichongiwe yinqanaba lelahle-umlinganiselo wezinto ezinokungahambi kakuhle kunye neyure ye-metamorphism-kunye nokungcola kwamaminerali kunye nekhono lokulahleka kwamalahle, ukuvuvukala nokuvuselela xa kushushu. Amacandelo amathathu aphezulu alahlekile ngamalahle:
- Amalahle aqholiweyo anzima (HCC)
- Amalahle okupheka amancinci (SSCC)
- Amalahle omlilo we-coal injection (PCI)
Amakha amaqholi asebenzayo afana ne-anthracite aneendawo zokupheka ezingcono kunamalahle okupheka amancinci, okubenza bakwazi ukugcina ixabiso eliphezulu. I-HCC yaseAustralia ithathwa njengenjongo yokubambisa.
Nangona iilahle ze-PCI aziqhelwanga njengamalahle okupheka, isasetyenziswa njengomthombo wamandla kwinkqubo yokwenza i-steelmaking kwaye inokuthi ithathe indawo yesikhokhelo kwindawo ethile.
Ukwenza iCokeke
Ukwenziwa kweCokeke ngokufanelekileyo kukuveliswa kwamalahle ngamaqondo aphezulu. Imveliso ngokuqhelekileyo iqhutyelwa kwibhetri ye coke esekelwe kwipilisi yensimbi edibeneyo. Kwibhetri, ii-coke ovens zixakwe emigqeni. Ilahlekile ilayishwa kwii-ovens kwaye iyatshiswa ngokungabikho kwe-oksijini ukuya kumaqondo afudumele malunga ne-1100 ° C (2000 ° F).
Ngaphandle kwe-oxygen, amalahle ayitshisi kodwa, endaweni yoko, iqala ukuyibilika. Amaqondo okushisa aphezulu akhupha ukungcola okungafunekiyo kwi-amalahle, njenge-hydrogen, i-oxygen, i-nitrogen, ne-sulfure. Ezi zityhulwa ziyakuthi ziqokelelwe kwaye zifunyenwe njengemveliso okanye zitshiswe njengomthombo wokushisa.
Emva kokupholisa, i-coke iyanqabisa njengeziqhumane ze-carbon, i-crystalline kaboni enkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba isetyenziswe ngumbane. Yonke inkqubo ingathatha iiyure ezili-12 ukuya kuma-36.
Iipropati ezivela kwindawo yokuqala yokulahleka kwamalahle zichaphazela kakhulu umgangatho ophezulu wokuvelisa i-coke. Ukungabikho kokuthenjwa okuthembakalayo kwamabakala amalahle omhlaba kuthetha ukuba abaququzeleli bee-coke namhlanje bahlala basebenzisa amaxube amalahle angama-20 ahlukeneyo ukwenzela ukuba banikeze imveliso yendalo.
Phantse i-1.5 tonnes ye-metallurgical amalahle kufuneka ivelise i-tonne ye-coke.
Coke kwi-Steelmaking
I-oksijini ye-oksijini eyisiseko (i-BOF), apho i-akhawunti engama-70 ekhulwini yemveliso yensimbi ehlabathini lonke, ifuna i- iron ore , i-coke, kunye ne-fluxes njengezinto zokutya ekuveleni kwensimbi.
Emva kokuphephelwa kwesithando somlilo kunye nalezi zinto, umoya oshisayo uphoswa kumxube. Umoya ubangela ukuba i-coke ishise, iphakame izinga lokushisa ukuya kwi-1700 ° C, e-oxidize ukungcola. Le nkqubo inciphisa umxholo wekhabhoni ngamaphesenti angama-90 kwaye ibangela isinyithi esityhidiweyo esaziwa njengesinyithi eshushu.
Isinyithi eshushu sitshatyalaliswa kwisithando somlilo kwaye sithunyelwa kwi-BOF apho i-steel scrap kunye ne-limestone zongezwa ukwenza insimbi entsha. Ezinye izinto, ezifana ne- molybdenum , i- chromium okanye i-vanadium zingongezwa ukuvelisa amabakala ahlukeneyo ensimbi .
Ngokomyinge, malunga ne-630 kilogram ze coke zifuneka ukuvelisa iikhigramgram ezili-1000 (1 tonne) yentsimbi.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokutshiswa komlilo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumgangatho wezinto ezisetyenziswayo. Ukuvutha kwesithando esidliwe nge-coke ephezulu kuya kufuna i-coke encinci kunye nokunyuka kweendleko, ukunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa kwaye kubangela isinyithi eshushu.
Ngo-2013, iqikelelo eliyi-1.2 billion iitoni zelahle liye lisetyenziswe ngumboni wensimbi. I-China ngumlimi omkhulu kunye nomthengi welahle lokupheka, eqikelela malunga nama-toni angama-527 eetoni ngonyaka ka-2013. I-Australia kunye ne-USA zilandela, zivelise i-158 ne-78 yezigidi zeetoni, ngokulandelanayo.
Iimarike ngamazwe ngamazwe okupheka amalahle, akumangalisi ukuba, kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwi-shishini lensimbi. Ixabiso nganye ngetoni yokulahleka kwamalahle lakhula ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwi-US $ 40 ngo-2000 ukuya ngaphezu kwama-US $ 200 ngo-2011, kodwa sele iwele.
Abavelisi abakhulu baquka iBHP Billiton , iTeck, Xstrata, i-Anglo American ne-Rio Tinto.
Amaphesenti angaphezu kwe-90 e-trade sealorne yamashanga ase-metallurgical abizwa ngokuthunyelwa e-Australia, eCanada nase-US.
> Imithombo
> I-Valia, i-Hardarshan S. Coke Ukuveliswa kwe-Blast Furnace Ukumakisha . Zensimbi.
URL: www.steel.org
Institute of Coal Institute. Amalahle kunye neNsimbi (2007) .
URL: www.worldcoal.org