Inkqubo ekhulayo ivelisa umphumo omhle kakhulu
Igama livela kwiLizwi lesiLatini kwisitya esingenanto. Nangona ngokuqhelekileyo kubhekisela kwinkqubo yeekhemikhali, i-patina inokuthetha nayiphi na inkqubo yokuguga ebangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwemvelo okanye ukubola.
Ukuphendula kweMichiza ePatina
Njengamava obhedu okanye ukuhlaselwa kwezinto ezibangelwa ngumntu, umbala wayo uguquka kwi-iridescent, igolide ebomvu ngokuqhelekileyo ehambelana nobhedu ococekileyo kumbala obomvu kwaye, ekugqibeleni, i-hues eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza.
Impendulo yeekhemikhali eyenza i-patina iyenzeka njengamafilimu okuguqula i-sulphide kunye nekhakridi ye-sulphide ivelise nge-cupric oxide kwisinyithi, ngaloo ndlela, ibumnyama.
Ukutshatyalaliswa okuqhubekayo kwiesulfure kunye ne-oxide kuguqula iifrimu ze-sulphude zibe yi-sulfate yethusi, ebomvu okwehlukile. Kwi-saline, okanye kwimimandla engqonge amanzi, i-patina yomhlaba inokuthi iqulethe i-chloride yethusi, eyona mthunzi ohlaza.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kunye nombala we patina ekugqibeleni kunqunywe yimiba yezinto eziguqukayo, kubandakanywa nobushushu, ubude bokungcola, ubumanzi, indawo yemichiza kunye nomgangatho wendawo yobhedu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi, i-patina eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwiindawo ezihlukeneyo ingafingqwa ngolu hlobo apha ngezantsi:
- Indawo yokuthuthwa kwamanzi eselwandle: iminyaka engama-7-9
- Imimandla yoshishino: iminyaka emi-5-8
- Iimeko zokuhlala ezidolophini: iminyaka eyi-10-14
- Ucoceko lwendawo: ukufikelela kwiminyaka engama-30
Gcina kwiindawo ezilawulwayo, uphuhliso lwe patina alukwazi ukukhuselwa ngempumelelo kunye namavarnishes okanye ezinye iingubo ezingamelana ne-corrosion.
Patina kwi Geology
Kwintsimi ye-geology, i-patina inokubhekisela kwiimeko ezimbini ezinokwenzeka. Ingqongqele engqinileyo engqinileyo okanye ifilimu eyenza phezu kwerwala, ngenxa yokuba i-varnish (i-orange cover) okanye i-ring weathering. Ngamanye amaxesha i-patina ivela ngokudibanisa kwezi zimbini.
Patina kwi-Architecture
Ngenxa yobukeka obunomdla obumnandi, ubhedu kunye ne-alloys zobhedu, kubandakanywa ubhedu, ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi zokwakha.
Izakhiwo eziziwayo ezibonisa i-patina ezihlaza okomhlaza ohlaza okomhlaza ziquka i-Statue of Liberty kwisixeko saseNew York, i-Canadian Parliamentary Buildings e-Ottawa, i-NEMO yeZiko leNzululwazi e-Amsterdam, kwiHolo leSixeko saseMinneapolis, iThala leLwimi lasePeckham eLondon, iMyuziyam yaseBeijing, kwaye I-Kresge Auditorium kwi-Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Ukusetyenziswa kwePatina ekwenziwe
Njengomhlaba onqwenela ukwakha, ukuphuhliswa kwe patina kudla ngokukhuthazwa ngonyango lweekhemikhali lokubhinqa ngethusi okanye ukuphahla. Le nkqubo yaziwa ngokuba yi-patination. Ngokombutho weCopper Development (CDA), ezi zonyango zilandelayo zisetyenziselwe ukunyusa iimpawu zamakhemikhali ezikhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kokuqala kwe patina:
Ubuninzi obomdaka buphela:
- Ammonium sulfide base
- Isiseko sePotassium sulfide
Uhlobo lobumba oluhlaza luphela:
- Ammonium sulfate base
- Ammonium chloride base
- I-chloride enomdla / i-hydrochloric acid base