Ukuqhuba umbane kwizinyithi kubangelwa ukuhamba kweengqungquthela zecala.
Iim atom zezinto zetsimbi zibonakaliswa kubukho beefowuni ze-valence - iifowuni kwiqebunga langaphandle le-athomu ekhululekile ukuhamba. Zizo 'iifowuni zamahhala' ezivumela isinyithi ukuba ziqhube umbane wamandla.
Ngenxa yokuba iifowuni ze-valence zikhululekile ukuhamba ziyakwazi ukuhamba nge-lattice eyenza isakhiwo somzimba sesinyithi.
Ngaphantsi kwintsimi yombane, iifowuni zamahhala zihamba ngesinyithi ezinjengeebhilidi zebhilidi ezidibanisanayo, zidlulisa umrhumo wombane njengoko zihamba.
Ukutshintshwa kwamandla kunamandla xa kunqongophala. Kwitafile ye-billiard, oku kwenzeka xa ibhola ibetha enye ibhola enye, idlula ininzi yamandla kwibhola elandelayo. Ukuba ibhola enye ibetha ezinye iibhola, nganye yazo iya kuthwala kuphela inxalenye yamandla.
Ngomqondiso ofanayo, abaqhubi abasebenza ngogesi banesinyithi esine-electron enye ye-valence ekhululekile ukuhamba kwaye ibangele ukuphendula ngokunyanisekileyo kwamanye ama-electron. Yiyo imeko kwiinksimbi ezihamba phambili, ezifana nesilivere , igolide kunye nobhedu , elowo unalo i-electron enye ye-valence ehamba ngokungaxhatshazi kwaye ibangela ukuphendula okunyanisekileyo.
Isinyithi se-conductor (okanye i- metalloids ) sinombolo ephakamileyo yee-elektronni ze-valence (ngokuqhelekileyo ezine okanye ngaphezulu) ngoko, nangona zingakwazi ukuqhuba umbane, azikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi.
Nangona kunjalo, xa ukucutha okanye ukudibanisa nezinye izakhi ze-semiconductors ezinjenge- silicon kunye ne- germanium zingaba ngabaqhubi abasebenzayo bombane.
Ukuqhuba kwintsimbi kufuneka kulandele uMthetho wama-Ohm, othi okhoyo ngoku uhambelana ngqo nommandla wombane osetyenziswe kwisinyithi. Utshintsho oluphambili ekusebenziseni uMthetho wama-Ohm yintsimbi yokubuyisana.
Ukuxhaswa kwempahla kukuphambene nokuqhutyelwa kombane, ukuvavanya indlela isinyithi esinamandla esichasa ngayo ukuhamba kwamandla kagesi. Oku kuqhelekileyo kulinganiswa ngokubhekiselele kumacala ahlukeneyo yecube yemitha enye kunye nechazwe njenge-ohm meter (Ω⋅m). Ukuhlala ngokuqhelekileyo kubamelwa yi-Greek letter rho (ρ).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-conductivity yamandla kagesi ixhaswa ngama-siemens nganye ngemitha (S⋅m -1 ) kwaye imelwa yileta yesiGrike sigma (σ). Elinye i-siemens lilingana ne-ohm enye.
Ukuqhuba nokuHlala kwiMetals
Izinto | Ukuhlaliswa | Ukuqhuba |
|---|---|---|
| Isiliva | 1.59x10 -8 | 6.30x10 7 |
| ICopper | 1.68x10 -8 | 5.98x10 7 |
| I-Annealed Copper | 1.72x10 -8 | 5.80x10 7 |
| Golide | 2.44x10 -8 | 4.52x10 7 |
| Aluminium | 2.82x10 -8 | 3.5x10 7 |
| ICalcium | 3.36x10 -8 | 2.82x10 7 |
| Beryllium | 4.00x10 -8 | 2.500x10 7 |
| Rhodium | 4.49x10 -8 | 2.23x10 7 |
| Magnesium | 4.66x10 -8 | 2.15x10 7 |
| Molybdenum | 5.225x10 -8 | 1.914x10 7 |
| Iridium | 5.289x10 -8 | 1.891x10 7 |
| Tungsten | 5.49x10 -8 | 1.82x10 7 |
| Zinc | 5.945x10 -8 | 1.682x10 7 |
| Cobalt | 6.25x10 -8 | 1.60x10 7 |
| Cadmium | 6.84x10 -8 | 1.46 7 |
| Nickel (electrolytic) | 6.84x10 -8 | 1.46x10 7 |
| IRuthhenium | 7.595x10 -8 | 1.31x10 7 |
| Lithium | 8.54x10 -8 | 1.17x10 7 |
| Intsimbi | 9.58x10 -8 | 1.04x10 7 |
| Platinum | 1.06x10 -7 | 9.44x10 6 |
| Palladium | 1.08x10 -7 | 9.28x10 6 |
| Tin | 1.15x10 -7 | 8.7x10 6 |
| Selenium | 1.197x10 -7 | 8.35x10 6 |
| Tantalum | 1.24x10 -7 | 8.06x10 6 |
| Niobium | 1.31x10 -7 | 7.66x10 6 |
| I-Steel (Cast) | 1.61x10 -7 | 6.21x10 6 |
| Chromium | 1.96x10 -7 | 5.10x10 6 |
| Khokela | 2.05x10 -7 | 4.87x10 6 |
| Vanadium | 2.61x10 -7 | 3.83x10 6 |
| Uranium | 2.87x10 -7 | 3.48x10 6 |
| IAntimony * | 3.92x10 -7 | 2.55x10 6 |
| Zirconium | 4.105x10 -7 | 2.44x10 6 |
| Titanium | 5.56x10 -7 | 1.798x10 6 |
| Mercury | 9.58x10 -7 | 1.044x10 6 |
| Germanium * | 4.6x10 -1 | 2.17 |
| Silicon * | 6.40x10 2 | 1.56x10 -3 |
* Qaphela: I-resistivity ye-semiconductors (metalloids) ixhomeke kakhulu kubungqina bezinto ezingcolileyo kwizinto eziphathekayo.
Idatha yoMthombo weTyati
Eddy Current Technology Technology Inc.
I-URL: http://eddy-current.com/conductivity-of-metals-sorted-by-resistivity/
I-Wikipedia: Ukuqhuba umbane
I-URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductivity