Zincutshwe njani i-zinc?
Phantse yonke i- zinc ehlanjululwe namhlanje (ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-95) ikhutshwe kwi-sphalerite (ZnS), mhlawumbi iyaziwa njenge-zinc blende.
Ii-opha ze-Sphalerite ziqulethe phakathi kwe-5 ne-15 ekhulwini ye-zinc. Ukuze ufumane oku kwimeko ecocekileyo engasetyenziselwa abathengi, isinyithi kufuneka ihlukaniswe, igxininiswe kwaye ihlaziywe kwifom ye-metallic ecocekileyo. Nokuba iinkqubo ze-hydro-metallurgical okanye i-pyro-metallurgical ziyakwenza oku, nangona kunjalo, ngaphezu kwe-90 ekhulwini yemveliso yangoku ngoku ivela kwizityalo ze-hydrometallurgical.
Xa ichitshiweyo, i-zinc ore ichithwe ibe ngumgubo kwaye ihlukaniswe nesikhokelo nge-froth flotation. Inkokeli kunye nezinye izinyithi, ezifana nesilivere, ezinokuthi zikhoyo kwi-ore kwizinto ezifumanekayo ziya kukhishwa kwaye ziphathwe ngokwahlukileyo.
I-concentrate esele iya kuba phakathi kwe-1 ukuya kwi-15 ekhulwini ye-zinc, kodwa igcine umxholo we-sulphuri ophezulu (malunga ne-30 ekhulwini) ekufuneka isuswe. Oku kunokukwenziwa ngokugcoba i-ore echotshoziweyo kumaqondo okushisa ngaphezu kwe-1652 ° F (900 ° C), ukuvelisa i-zinc oxide (ZnO) kunye ne-sulfur dioxide.
Ukuba amaqumrhu ase-hydro-metallurgical aqeshwe, i-zinc oxide isuke isuka kwenye i-calcines isebenzisa i-sulfuric acid. Nangona i-zinc idibanisa kwi-asidi, ukukhokela kunye nesilivere ayinakuhluthwa kwaye i-iron precipitates.
Uthuli lwe-Zinc luyongezwa ukuze luncede ukucoca isisombululo ngenkqubo yokumiswa ngaphambi kokuba i-electrolysed.
Ukusebenzisa i-alfele yesikhokelo kunye ne- aluminium cathodes, isisombululo esisisityebi-i-zinc-electrolysed esibangela ukuba i-zinc ifake kwi-aluminium.
Le nto iyakhutshwa, iyancibilika kwaye iphoswe kwiingots nge-purity ye-99.95 ukuya kwi-99.995 iphesenti okanye ichane ngqo ngokubhedu, i-aluminium okanye i- magnesium .
I-zinc zenyama ezithengiswa kwiLondon Metal Exchange (LME) kufuneka zihlangabezane neenkcukacha ezikhethekileyo ze-zinc eziphezulu ze-zinc 99.995.
Nangona iiproro-metallurgical zikarhulumente zisasebenza kwizityalo eziliqela, le nkqubo inamandla kakhulu kwaye ibiza.
I-Imperial Smelting Corporation yavelisa inkqubo ngexesha le-1940 neye-1950 eyanciphisa i-zinc kunye nensimbi yentsimbi ngokusebenzisa i-carbon ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo.
Inkqubo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Imperial Smelting process, ibandakanya ukugcoba i-zinc kwaye iholele i-sulphides, eyenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo kunye, ukwenzela ukuvelisa i-oxides. I-zinc kunye ne-oxide ye-lead ihlawulwa ngokuvutha komlilo ngelahle.
Njengoko umoya ovuthayo ungena esithandweni somlilo, i-carbon monoxide kunye ne-dioxide imipu equkethe i-zinc iphakamisa i-shaft kwaye ikhuhlile kwi-splash condenser. I-zinc ixutywe ngumkhombisi otyhidiweyo, oya kubhobhoza, ukuvumela i-zinc ukuba iphole phezulu.
Umgca we-zinc uchithelwa kwaye uphoswe ngelixa ukhokelo lubuyiselwa kwi-condenser.
Ngokwe-International Zinc Association, iiferethi ze-Imperial Smelting zisebenza ngoku kuphela e-China, India, Japan nasePoland.
Ngaphandle kokukhipha i-zinc kwi-ore (imveliso yokuqala), isinyithi sinokuphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona kwimithombo ekhoyo (kwimveliso yesibini). Phantse enye kwikota yazo zonke izityalo ezisetyenzisiweyo ngoku zivela kwimithombo yesibini.
Iifutha ze-arc zombane, ezisetyenziselwa inkqubo kunye nokuphinda zenziwe ngokutsha kwintsimbi , ziyakwazi ukuqokelela i-zinc ekhoyo kwii-steels galvanized.
Njengokuba ku-furnish Impel Smelting, amaqondo okushisa aphezulu kumatshini e-arc agesi aphefumle i-zinc, okwenza ukuba iphakame ngamagesi anokuqokelela. Ubuncwane kwilinki ejikelezayo (i-waelz kiln) ivelisa i-oxide ye-zinc engasondliwa kwakhona kwi-loop yokuvelisa.
Ukuveliswa kwemigodi yamanzi ye-zinc bekuyi-13.7 yezigidigidi zeetoni ngonyaka ka-2013, ngelixa i-zinc ye-zinc metal metal output eyenziwe yi-toni yayingama-13.0 yezigidi zeetoni ngexesha elifanayo. Phantse izigidi ezili-3 zeetoni, okanye ngaphantsi kwekota enye yokuveliswa kwehlabathi, zivela kwimithombo ephinda yenziwe.
Ngelizwe, umlimi omkhulu we-zinc elicacisiweyo yi-China, eqikelela malunga ne-40 ekhulwini yemveliso yehlabathi, elandelwa yiYurophu ne-Korea.
Ngenkampani, abavelisi abakhulu be-zinc ecocekileyo nguNyrstar, Glencore kunye ne-Korea Zinc.
Imithombo emikhulu yeeyinc ores yi-China, Australia kunye nePeru.
Imithombo:
I-Leader yamazwe ngamazwe kunye neZinc Study Group. Ukuphononongwa kweMigqaliselo ngo-2013: i-Zinc . NgoFebruwari 17, 2014.
International Zinc Association. Ukuxutywa kweZinc: Ukubonelela ngempahla . 2011.
URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20140802220949/http://www.zinc.org/basics/zinc_recycling
Landela iTerence kwi-Google +