Isingeniso sokuqina kowogyogenic
Ukuqina kancyogenic yinkqubo esebenzisa ukushisa kwama-cryogenic - amaqondo aphantsi kwe--150 ° C (-238 ° F) ukuqinisa nokuphucula isityalo sesitye.
Ulwaphulo lwe-cryogenic lwezinyithi ezithile lwaziwa ukubonelela ngeempembelelo ezintathu:
- Ukuhlala ngokukhawuleza: Ukwelashwa kwe-cryogenic kunceda ukukhuthaza utshintsho olugcinwe kwi-austenite ekhoyo kwiitshini eziphathekayo eziphathekayo kwiinksimbi ze-martensite ezinzima. Oku kubangela ukungapheleli okuncinci kunye nobuthathaka kwisakhiwo sefestile yesinyithi.
- Ukuphuculwa koxinzelelo kwengubo: Ukuqina kancyogenic kwandisa imvula ye-eta-carbides. Ezi zihlezi i-carbides ezisebenza njengezibophelelo zokuxhasa i-matrix ye-martensite, ukunceda ukuxhathisa ukuguga nokuxhatshazwa.
- Ukuxinwa kwengcinezelo: Zonke izitye zinexinzelelo lokudityaniswa kwezinto ezidalwayo xa zinyusa ukusuka kwisigaba sayo samanzi ukuya kwisigaba esiqinileyo. Ezi zixinzelelo zingabangela iindawo ezibuthathaka ezilungele ukuphumelela. Ukwelashwa kwe-Cryogenic kunokunciphisa obuthathaka ngokudala isakhiwo sokhuseleko olufanayo.
Inkqubo
Inkqubo yokwenza i-cryogenically inxenye yensimbi iquka ngokucothayo ukupholisa isinyithi usebenzisa i-nitrogen yamanzi. Inkqubo epholileyo yokupholisa ukusuka kwiindawo ezifudumele ukuya kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo kubalulekile ekugwemeni uxinzelelo olushushu.
Inxalenye yesinyithi iqhutywe kwiqondo lokushisa elingaphantsi kwe--190 ° C (-310 ° F) kwiiyure ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-24 ngaphambi kokushisa ukufudumala kuthatha ubushushu ukuya kwi-+149 ° C (+ 300 ° F).
Le ntlupheko yokufutheka ibaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni naluphi na ulungelelwano olunokubangelwa ngenxa yokubunjwa kwe-martensite ngexesha lwenkqubo yokwelapha ye-cryogenic.
Ukwelashwa kwe-cryogenic utshintshisa isakhiwo sonke sesinyithi, kungekhona nje kuphela. Ngoko izibonelelo azilahlekanga ngenxa yenkqubo yokuqhubela phambili, njengokugaya.
Ngenxa yokuba le nkqubo isebenza ukuphatha i-austenitic yensimbi egcinwa kwicandelo, ayinakusebenza ekuphatheni ama- ferritic kunye nama- austenitic steels . Nangona kunjalo, kuyasebenza kakhulu ekuphuculeni izithenti eziphathekayo eziphathekayo, ezifana ne-carbon ephezulu kunye ne-high chromium steels, kwakunye nezixhobo zesebe.
Ngaphandle kwensimbi , ukuqina kowicyogenic kusetyenziselwa ukuphatha intsimbi ephosiweyo , ii- alloys zethusi , i- aluminium kunye ne- magnesium . Inkqubo inokuphucula ubomi obunxibayo kwezi ntlobo zetsimbi zecandelo ngemiba yesibini ukuya kwisithandathu.
Ukunyanga kwe-cryogenic kwakuqale ukuthengiswa phakathi kwee-1960.
Izicelo
Izicelo zeengxenye zetsimbi zonyango zibandakanya, kodwa azikhawulelwanga kuwo, zilandelayo kumashishini:
- I-Aerospace kunye nokukhusela (umz
- Imoto (umz. I-rotary rotors, i-transmissions, kunye neentambo)
- Izixhobo zokusika (umz
- Izixhobo zomculo (umz. Izitya zobhedu, iifayili zepiyano kunye neentambo)
- Uncedo lwezonyango (umz.
- Ezemidlalo (isib. Izibhamu, izixhobo zokuloba kunye neengqinga)