Njani kwaye Kutheni I-Steel iQinisekile

Fumana indlela le ndlela yokutshatyalaliswa kwentsholongwane eyenza insimbi ithinteke ngakumbi

Ingakanani insimbi eqhelekileyo, kwaye yintoni inzuzo yale nkqubo? Ukuze uqonde ukuba yiyiphi imveliso yokugcina isinyithi, kufuneka uqale uqonde ukuba yintoni unyango lwezobushushu. Ukunyanga kwefuthe yinkqubo esetyenziselwa ukutshintsha iimpawu zenyama okanye iikhemikhali zento. Ukunyanga ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kubandakanya unyango lwentsimbi, ityhefu yokushisa, ukunyanga kwe-aluminium alloys, unyango lwe-heat non-non-stainless, unyango lokushisa lobhedu, unyango lwentsimbi ye-carbon, kunye nefuthe lokushisa kwentsimbi.

Yintoni Eyithethayo?

Ukwenziwa komgangatho luhlobo oluthile lonyango olushushu oluthintela uxinzelelo kwintsimbi; oku kuphucula ubuncwane kunye nobunzima kwizithethi ezinokuba nzima emva kokusebenza kubanda . Ukunyanga kwenyango oluqhelekileyo kwakhona kusekwa ubungakanani be-carbide size kunye nokusabalalisa, okwenza usebenze emva kwenkqubo yokunyusa ubushushu kunye nokuvelisa umkhiqizo wokugqibela wendlela efanayo.

Ukuze kulungele ukuba kube khona, insimbi ifudumele kwiqondo lokushisa ngaphezu kweyona ndawo ebaluleke kakhulu. Oku ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphezu kwama-50 C welo bushushu. Insimbi igcinwe ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukwenzela ukuba izityalo zentsimbi encinci zenzele kunye neendlela zokutya okusanhlamvu eziphezulu.

Olu tshintsho lubizwa ngokuba luhlanjululwa lwezityalo kwaye lukhokelela ekwakheni inxalenye yensimbi efanayo. Emva kokuba isinyithi ishushu kwiqondo lokushisa ngaphezu kweyona ndawo ebalulekileyo, i-air-cooled de ize ihla eyokushisa.

Ukunyanzeliswa kwamaqondo okushisa kuthiwa ukusuka kwi-810 C ukuya ku-930 C.

Ubungakanani bentsimbi buya kuthatha ixesha elide lithini lensimbi kwindawo eyaziwa ngokuba yiqondo lokushisa, okanye iqondo lokushisa elitshintsha i-microstructure. Ubungakanani kunye nokwakhiwa kwesitye kubonelela ukuba uphakamise kangakanani umsebenzi.

Ezinye iiNzuzo zoLungiso

Ukuqhelaniswa kwemithetho kunokuphelisa nokwahlukana kwe-dendritic eveliswe ngexesha lokukhangela.

Ifom ye-normalization yonyango lokushisa iyabiza kakhulu kunokuba isilungise. I-Annealing yinkqubo yonyango yokushisa eyenza isinyithi kufuphi nommandla wokulingana. Kulo rhu lumente, isinyithi siba lula kwaye, ngoko ke kulula ukusebenzisana. I-Annealing, leyo i-American Foundry Society ibhekisela kuyo ngokuthi "ukuguga ngokugqithiseleyo," idinga ukupheka kwenkcenkceshelo yesinyithi ukwenzela ukuba i-microstructure yayo iguqulwe.

Kungenxa yokuba ukuqheleka kungabibizi kunokuba kulungiswe, akunjalo, akumangalisi ukuba inkqubo eqhubelekileyo yokukhupha isinyithi. Ukuba uyazibuza ukuba kutheni i-anneal Digest ixabisa kakhulu, i- Ispat Digest inikeza inkcazo enengqiqo malunga nokwahlukana kweendleko ngale ndlela:

"Ngokusemgangathweni, ngenxa yokuba ukupholisa kwenzeka emoyeni, isithando sikulungele umjikelezo olandelayo ngokukhawuleza xa izicwangciso zokufudumala kunye nokucima zigqityiweyo xa kuthelekiswa nokutshintshwa, apho isithando somlilo esilapho emva kokufudumala kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi kuyadinga iiyure ezisibhozo ukuya kuma-20 , kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bentlawulo. "

Ukumisela akuyona nje ixabiso elingabizi ngaphaya kwelolonge, luvelisa isinyithi esinamandla nesomeleleyo kunokuba kulandelwe inkqubo. Ukuqheleka ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ekuveliseni iimveliso zetsimbi ezishushu, ezinjengamavili asitimela, imivalo, i-axles, kunye neminye imveliso yensimbi eyenziwe.

Ukuthintela iIrregularities yesakhiwo

Nangona ukulungelelanisa kunokuba luncedo ngaphezu kokuncedisa, isinyithi ngokuqhelekileyo sinenzuzo kuyo nayiphi na inkunkuma yonyango. Oku kuyinyani ngokuqinisekileyo xa ukubunjwa kombandela kumbuzo kunzima. Ukongezelela koko, ukubunjwa kwesinyithi kwiimilo eziyinkimbinkimbi kunobungozi kwiingxaki zesakhiwo emva kokuba zipholile. Ezi zitenxo zengqungquthela zingaphambukisa izinto kwaye zidale ezinye izinto kwi-mechanics ye-iron.

Ukuthintela iingxaki ezinjalo ukuba zenzeke, izinyithi ziya kugqithiselwa ukulungiswa, ukulungiswa okanye ukunyanzelisa ingxaki.

Iimpawu ezingafuneki ukuba zilungelelanise

Akuzona zonke izinyithi ezifuna inkqubo yokucwangcisa i-thermal. Ngokomzekelo, akunqabile kwii-carbon-low steels zokufuna ukuba ziqhele. Oko kuthethwa ukuba, ukuba ezo zithethi ziqhelekile, akukho monakalo eya kulwazi. Kwakhona, xa i-iron casting idibeneyo ngokubanzi kunye necandelo lalo lilinganayo, ngokuqhelekileyo zifakwa kwinkqubo yokulanda kunokuba yenze inkqubo yokuqhelanisa.

Ezinye iinkqubo zokuNyulwa koMlilo

Insimbi yeCarburizing. Ukwelashwa kwe-Carburizing ukufudumala ukushisa kukusungulwa kwekhabhoni ngaphakathi kwintsimbi. I-Carburizing iyenzeka xa isinyithi sitshiswa ngaphezu kweqondo lokushisa elibalulekileyo kwisithando somlilo, esine-carbon engaphezu kwesimbi.

Ukuhlaziywa. Ukuqhaqhaqhaqeka kukususwa kwekhabhoni kwi-surface yensimbi. Ukuhlaziywa kwenzeka xa isinyithi sishushu ngaphezu kweqondo lokushisa elibalulekileyo emoyeni equlebhoni encinci kunokuba isinyithi iqulethe.

Insimbi epholileyo. Ubomvu obushushu bupholisa insimbi ukuya malunga ne--100 F okanye ngaphantsi ukuze uzalise utshintsho lwe-austenite ukuya kwi-martensite.