- ukulandelela okanye ukubhalisa
- ukuhanjiswa
- scaffold / platforms
Amanye ama-nanoparticles asetyenziswe ukususela ngo-1990, malunga nezicelo ezinjengokuhanjiswa kwezonyango / ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba, ukuhanjiswa kweziyobisi kunye neelayibhile. Uvavanyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zama-nanoparticles ezifana namachashaza eninzi, i-carbon nanotubes kunye ne-nanoparticles emagqabini, kwiiseli ze-somatic okanye i-microorganisms, uye wanika imvelaphi ekuye kwasungulwa uphando lwee cell cell. Yinyani eyaziwayo ukuba i-patent yokuqala yokulungiselela i-nanofibers yabhalwa ngo-1934. Ezi fiber ekugqibeleni ziza kuba sisiseko se-scaffold for culture stem cell and transplantation-engaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 kamva.
Ukujonga ii-Stem Cell usebenzisa iMRI kunye ne-SPIO Particles
Uphando malunga nezicelo ze-nanoparticles ze -imagination magnontic resonance (MRI) iye yaqhutyelwa yimfuneko yokulandelela i-stem cell therapeutics. Ukukhetha okuqhelekileyo kwesi sicelo kungaphezulu kwe-iron-oxide (SPIO) yama-nanoparticles, ekhuthaza ukungafani kwemifanekiso ye-MRI.
Ezinye i-oxides zensimbi sele zivunyiwe yi-FDA. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengqungquthela ziboshwe ngeepolym ehlukeneyo ngaphandle, ngokuqhelekileyo i-carbohydrate. Ukubhalwa kweMRI kungenziwa ngokuhlanganisa ama-nanoparticles kwi-stem cell surface okanye kubangele i-particle ye-stem ngokusebenzisa i-endocytosis okanye i-phagocytosis.
I-Nanoparticles iye yasiza ekongezeni ulwazi lwethu malunga nendlela iisundu ezihamba ngayo kwinkqubo yeentlanzi.
Ukubhaliweyo Ukusebenzisa iiDotum Dots
Amacotshi e-Quantum (ii-Qdots) zi-crystal zi-nano-scale ezibonisa ukukhanya kwaye ziqukethe ii-atom ezivela kumaqela II-VI kwitheyibhile yexesha eliqhelekileyo, ngokufuthi zibandakanya i-cadmium. Zikulungele ukujonga iiseli ngaphezu kwamanye amashishini afana neetayi, ngenxa yokubonakala kwazo kunye nokuphila ixesha elide. Oku kuvumela nokusetyenziswa kwabo ukufunda i-dynamics yamaselula ngelixa ulwahlulo lweeseli ezinama-stem luqhubeka.
Ii-Qdots zinomxholo omfutshane wokulandelwa kwee-stem cells ngaphandle kwe-SPIO / MRI kwaye sele isetyenziswe kwi-vitro kude kube ngoku, ngenxa yemfuneko yezixhobo ezizodwa ukuzilandelela kwizilwanyana ezipheleleyo.
Ukuhanjiswa kweNucleotide ye-Genetic Control
Ukulawula i-Genetic, usebenzisa i-DNA okanye i- siRNA , ikhulayo njengethuluzi elisebenzayo lokulawula imisebenzi yamaselula kwiiseli ezinamabala, ngokukodwa ukulawula ukuhlukana kwazo. I-Nanoparticles ingasetyenziselwa ukubeka endaweni yokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana zentsholongwane zentsholongwane, njenge-retroviruses, eziye zabandakanywa ekubangela iingxaki kwizinto eziphilayo ezifana nokuguqula utshintsho obangela umdlavuza. I-nanoparticles inikeza i-vector engabizi kangako, elula kakhulu yokudluliselwa kweeseli ezinamaqabunga, kunye nomngcipheko omncinci we-immunogenicity, mutagenicity okanye utyhefu.
Indlela eyaziwayo kukusebenzisa i-cationic polymers ezidibanisa ne-DNA ne-RNA molecules. Kukho indawo yokuphuhliswa kwama polym ahlakaniphile , eneempawu ezifana nokuhanjiswa okujolisiweyo okanye ukukhutshwa okucwangcisiweyo . I-nanotubes yeCarbon ngamaqela asebenzayo ahlukeneyo nawo ahlolwe ukuhanjiswa kweziyobisi kunye ne-nucleic acid kwiiseli zama-mammalian, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwiiseli ezinama-stem akuphenywanga ngokubanzi.
Ukuphuculwa kweeStem Cell Environment
Indawo ebalulekileyo yophando kwi-stem yecandelo lophando yile nxalenye ye-extracellular kunye nendlela iimeko ezingaphandle kweseli zithumela iimpawu zokulawula ukwahlukana, ukufuduka, ukubambelela kunye neminye imisebenzi. I -matrix ye-extracellular (ECM) , iqulethe iimolyuli ezifihliweyo ngamaseli afana ne-collagen, elastin kunye neproteoglycan. Iipropati zale mveliso kunye nekhemistri yendalo engqongileyo abayidalayo, inikezela isikhokelo kwimisebenzi ye-cell stem.
IiNanoparticles ziye zasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zohlobo lwe-ECM, ekufundeni iziphumo zazo kwiiseli ze-stem.
Inkxalabo enkulu ehlangene neengcambu ze-stem israpies yinto yokungaphumeleli kweeseli ezijoyiweyo ukuba zijolise ekujoliseni izicubu. I-Nanoscale igaxa iphucula ukuhlala kweseli ngokuncedisa inkqubo yokwenza i-engrafting. Ama-nanofibers ahlonywe kwiipolym zokwenziwa njenge-polym (i-lactic acid) (PLA), okanye iipolym zendalo ze-collagen, iprotheni ye-silk okanye i-chitosan, inikezela iziteshi zokulungelelaniswa kwee-stem kunye namaseli angama-progenitor. Injongo ekugqibeleni kukufumanisa ukuba isalathisi esilungileyo siyakhuthaza njani ukunamathela ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokwandisa kweeseli ze-stem kwaye kusetyenziswe le ndlela yokutshintshela i-cell stenplantations. Nangona kunjalo, kubonakala i-morphology yeeseli ezikhulile kwi-nanofibers zingahluka kwiiseli ezikhulile kwezinye iimidiya, kwaye zimbalwa zifundo zi-vivo zibikwe.
I-Nanoparticle Toxicity kwiStem cells
Njengokuba kukho konke ukufumanisa kwezinto eziphilayo, ukusebenzisa i-nanoparticles yezi zicelo kwi-vivo (kubantu) kufuna ukuvunyelwa kwe-FDA. Xa kufumanisa ukufumaneka kwamanoparticles kwizicelo ze-stem cell, kuye kwafuneka ukunyuka kweemvavanyo zeekliniki ukuvavanya ukufumana ezintsha kunye nokwenyuka kwenzalo kwi- nanoparticle toxicity .
Ubunobuthi be- SPIO nanoparticles luye lwafundwa ngokubanzi. Ngokona nxalenye, abazange babonakale benetyhefu, kodwa uphando olunye luye lwaphakamisa umphumo ekuhlukeni kweeseli ezinamahlumela. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho ukungaqiniseki malunga nokuba inetyhefu ibangelwa yi-nanoparticles okanye i-artificial agent / i-compound.
Idatha yetyhefu ye- Qdots ayinqongophala, kodwa yeyiphi idatha ekhoyo ayivumelani nonke. Ezinye iziphumo zengxelo azikho miphumo emibi kwi-stem cell morphology, ukwanda kwamanani kunye nokuhlukana, ngelixa ezinye zibika ngokungavamile. Ukungafani kwimiphumo yokuvavanya kunokubakho kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-nanoparticles okanye iiseli ezijoliswe kuyo, ngoko ke uphando oluninzi lufunekayo ukuze kusekwe into ekhuselekileyo nento engekho, kwaye yiziphi iintlobo zeeseli. Yintoni eyaziwayo kukuba i-cadmium ene-oxidium (iCd2 +) ingaba yingozi ngenxa yesiphumo sayo kwimithachondria yeeseli. Oku kunzima nakakhulu ukukhutshwa kweentlobo ze-oksijeni ezisebenzayo ngexesha lokuchithwa kwe-Qdot.
I-nanotubes yeCarbon ibonakala ibonakala i-genotoxic, kuxhomekeke kububunzima bayo, ubukhulu, ukuxinwa kunye nokubunjwa kwendawo, kwaye inokubangela ukuveliswa kweentlobo ze-oksijeni ezisebenzayo kwiiseli.
INanoparticles zizithembiso zeteknoloji ezintsha zezinto eziphilayo, ngenxa yobukhulu babo kunye nokukwazi ukungena kwiiseli. Njengoko uphando oluqhubela phambili luqhubeka lukwandisa ulwazi lwethu malunga nezinto ezilawula imisebenzi ye-cell stem, kusenokwenzeka ukuba izicelo ezintsha ze-nanoparticles, kwikhonsathi kunye neeseli ezinama-stem ziya kufunyanwa. Ngoxa ubungqina bubonisa ukuba ezinye izicelo ziya kuba luncedo, okanye zikhuselekileyo kunabanye, kukho amandla amakhulu okusebenzisa i-nanoparticles ukuphucula nokuphucula ubuchwepheshe bee-stem cell.
> Umthombo:
> Ferreira, L. et al. 2008. Amathuba amatsha: Ukusetyenziswa kwamanotechnologies ukusetyenziswa nokulandelelanisa iiseli ezinzima. Cell Cell Stem 3: 136-146. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.stem.2008.07.020.