Iiklasi zeNanoparticles
- I-Fullerenes: Iibuckyballs kunye ne-carbon tubes
Amalungu omabini e-fullerene eklasini yokwakhiwa, i-buckyballs kunye ne-carbon tubes zise-carbon-based, i-lattice-like, i-molecule. - Amachiza amanzi
Iimveliso zamachiza e-crystal zenziwe ngamachiza e-liquid crystal afana nama-biomolecules afumaneka ngokwemvelo njengama-protein okanye i-lipids. Zithathwa njengendlela ekhuselekileyo yokunikezelwa kweziyobisi kwaye inokujolisa kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba apho izicubu zitshatyalaliswa khona, okanye apho kuvela khona izicubu. - Liposomes
I-Liposomes ziyi-crystal e-lipid-based based crystals, esetyenziswe kakhulu kwiimveliso zamachiza kunye nezonyongiso ngenxa yokukwazi ukuphula ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwiiseli xa umsebenzi wazo udibeneyo. Ii-liposomes ziyi-nanoparticles zokuqala ezisetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kweziyobisi kodwa iingxaki ezinjenge-propensity yazo ukuxubana kunye kwindawo ekhuselekileyo kunye nokukhulula umvuzo wabo, zikhokelela ekutshintsheni, okanye ukuzinzisa zisebenzisa i-nanoparticles emitsha.
- Nanoshells
Kwakhona kuthiwa njenge-core shells, i-nanoshells i-coresic cores yekhampani ethile ejikelezwe yinqabileyo okanye iingubo zangaphandle zenye, eziyi-nanometers embalwa.
- Amanqaku e-Quantum
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-nanocrystals, amacotshi e-quantum asemacinci adicized conductor ukuba, ngokuxhomekeka kubukhulu bawo, angakhipha ukukhanya kuyo yonke imibala yobuninzi. Ezi nanostructures ziqukumbela ii-electron band, ii-holes band, okanye i-exciton kuzo zonke izikhokelo zendawo ezintathu. Imizekelo yamachaphaza eninzi i-nuclecrystals semiconductor kunye ne-shell-shell-nanocrystals, apho kukho isikhombiselwano phakathi kwezinto ezihlukeneyo zeemiconductor materials. Ziye zafakwa kwi-biotechnology ye-label labeling kunye nokucinga, ngokukodwa kwizifundo zokucinga ngomhlaza.
- Superparamagnetic nanoparticles
Ama-molecule e-Superparamagnetic yilabo abathandwa kwintsimi yamagnetic kodwa abagcinanga umbane we-magnetism emva kokuba intsimi isuswe. I-Nanoparticles ye-iron oxide kunye ne-diameter kwisiqendu se-5-100 nm sele isetyenziselwa ukukhetha i-magnetic bioseparations. Iindlela zobugcisa ziquka ukugubungela iinqununu ngamagciwane okulwa nama-antigen esisele, ukuhlukana kwi-matrix ejikelezayo.
Isetyenziswe kwizifundo zothutho lweembrane, i-superparamagnetic iron iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) isetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kweziyobisi kunye nokudluliswa kwegazi. Ukuhanjiswa kwezilwanyana, i-molecules i-bioactive okanye i-DNA vectors ixhomekeke ekusebenziseni amandla angaphandle asemagqabini ekhawuleza kwaye aqondise inkqubela yawo ekujoliswe kuyo. Ziluncedo nakwiimpawu zeMRI ezihlukeneyo.
- Dendrimers
I-Dendrimers iindawo ezinamagatsha amakhulu abasebenzisa ngokubanzi kwi-nanomedicine ngenxa yeengqimba ezininzi zee-molekthi kwiindawo zabo ezingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa i-tags identification-tags, idayi ye-fluorescent, i-enzyme kunye nezinye i-molecule. Iimolyuli zokuqala ze-dendritic zaveliswa malunga ne-1980, kodwa inzala kubo iye yaqhambuka ngoku kutshanje njengoko kusetyenziswa i-biotechnology.
- Nanorods
Ngokuqhelekileyo i-1-100 nm ubude, ii-nanorods zidla ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwimpahla ye-semiconducting kwaye zisetyenziswe kwi-nanomedicine njengezo-imaging kunye nee-agents ezichaseneyo. I-Nanorods ingenziwa ngokuvelisa izilwanyana ezincinci ze-silicon, igolide okanye i-phosphate engabonakaliyo, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Ukuxhalabisa kwangoku kwi-nanoparticles kukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwezinto ezininzi ezintsha zophando. Ngenxa yoko, ukuqokelela ulwazi lwethu malunga nokusebenzisana kwe-nanoparticle ngaphakathi kweeseli kusakhula ngokukhawuleza. Njengoko uphando luqhubela phambili kule ndawo entsha enomdla we-biotechnology, ama-nanoparticles amasha afunyanwa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye kuya kufumaneka izicelo ezintsha kwi-nanomedicine.