Iinkokheli kwiTeknoloji yeTeksile
Nangona kukho ukulinganiselwa ekuveleleni, isantya kunye nobukhulu bokulandelelana okufumanekayo, indlela entsha yokulandelelana echazwe kwi-PNAS yayiyinveli kwaye yabonisa isithembiso esaneleyo sokubamba isohlo lwabaxhasi bezentengiselwano ababeza kwiprofesa malunga nokutyalomali kwezobuchwepheshe. Kufuneka ukuba kubekho into malunga nokusetyenziswa kwabafundi abatyalileyo njengokuba okokuqala , ngokumalunga nomsebenzi wexesha elide kunye noMlawuli oyiNtloko woPhando, uDkt. Timothy Harris ... utyalo-mali abaqhelekanga izazinzulu, kunjalo ngenye indlela !
Impapasho ye-PNAS yakhululwa ngo-Ephreli 1, 2003, ujikelezo lokuqala loxhasomali lwenkampani entsha yaqaliswa ngo-Dec. 19, 2003, nangomhla kaJan. 2, 2004, iiHelicos zavula iingcango zayo nabasebenzi abahlanu, kuquka noDkt. Harris, oyingcali kwisilinganiselo sesayensi kunye neklasikhiyununu enye. I-Helicos ngoku ikhona kwiCambridge MA, eU.SA kwaye, emva kweemali ezi-2 zentengo-mali-mali, kunye ne-IPO ngoMeyi 27, 2007, ngoku idayiswa esidlangalaleni phantsi kwe- NASDAQ: ii-HLCS .
I-Helicos igxile kwi-teknoloji yokuhlalutya i-genetic, ngokukodwa, iteknoloji yoLungelelaniso oluLungileyo (TSMS TM ) , oluqinisekisiweyo ngokulandelelana kwe-genome ye-virus ye-M13 njengoko ichazwe kwi-Science Magazine ngo-Apreli 2008. Iplani ekhethekileyo ye-tSMS TM isebenzisa i- HeliScope TM Yodwa Sequencer Molecule .
Ngokutsho kukaDkt. Harris, le projekthi yaqala ngoJanuwari 2004, kwaye ngoJuni 2005 baye baqulunqa ngempumelelo intsholongwane ye-M13, ukulandelelana ngokufanelekileyo kwempilo, kuchazwe kwiphepha leSayensi.
I-TSMS TM isebenza njani?
I-DNA ye-DNA malunga neenxalenye zomgangatho we-100-200 igalelwe iinqununu ezincinci zisebenzisa i- restriction enzymes , kunye nemisamo ye-polyA . Amacu amancinci ahlaziywa kwi-Helicos plate cell cell, enezigidi zeenqwelo ze- polyT ezibophelelwe phezulu. Ithemplate nganye echanekileyo ilandelaniswe kanye. Ngoko ke iibhiliyoni nganye zihamba zikwazi ukufunda. Ukubhaliswa kwenziwa kwi "quads" equkethe imijikelezo yesi-4 nganye, nganye kwisiseko se-4 nucleotide. Iziseko ezibhalwe nge-Fluorescent zongezwa, kwaye i-laser kwisixhobo siyakhanyisa iilebula, ithatha ukufunda ukuba yimaphi amacandelo athathele isiseko esithile esibhalwe phantsi. Ilebula idibaniswa, kwaye umjikelezo olandelayo uqala ngesiseko esitsha. Emva kokuba i-cell flow flow isaphathwa ngesiseko ngasinye (4 imijikelezo), i-quad iphelile, kwaye enye entsha iqala kwakhona ngesiseko se-nucleotide yokuqala.
Njengamanje, i-HeliScope TM inokufunda iinqununu ze-DNA malunga nama-paji angama-55 ubude. Iziseko ezongezelelweyo ngokulandelelana, ezantsi kwepesenti yeemveliso ezingasetyenziselwa kwisampuli, kuba ezinye iimigca ziyayeka ukuxhoma phakathi kwenkqubo.
Ukufunda okumashumi angama-20 okanye isiseko, malunga ne-86% yemigqa ingasetyenziswa. Ukufunda ixesha elide (ii-55+ zesibini) le pesenti iyahla malunga nama-50%.
I-Moleculecule Benevantage
Nangona ezinye iinkampani ezininzi zinika iikhompyutheni ezahlukahlukeneyo zokulandelelana ngokulandelelana, izatifikethi ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo, kwiindleko ezifananisiweyo, kunye nokufunda okufutshane ngamaqela angama-25-40, i-Helicos kuphela ifunda i-DNA ngokulandelelanisa enye ye-nucleotide ngexesha elinelungelo lobunikazi ubugcisa bokubhaliweyo obunokwaneleyo ukuvumela ukufunda kwi-molecule enye. Ezinye iindlela zifuna ukuba i-DNA ikhuliswe (usebenzisa i- PCR ) ukwenza ezininzi (iimilliyoni) zeekopi ngaphambi kokulandelelana. Izisa ubungakanani bezinga elingaqhelekanga lokungacacanga ngenxa yokuphosakela iziphene nge-polymerase enzyme ngexesha lokukhulisa.
Ukususela ngo-Ephreli 2008, i-HeliScopeTM ibikwa ukuba ikwazi ukulandelelanisa izigidigidi ze-nucleotide iziseko ngosuku.
I-Helicos ilungu leCandelo loNyango lweMicrosoft kwaye lifumene inkxaso-mali ye- "$ 1000" . I-genome ye-1000 yemali ngosuku olunye ngumnqopho oqikelelweyo oya kufuna ukuba i-sequencer isebenze iibhiliyoni zeesiseko ngeyure. Okwangoku, i-prototype sequencer iya kuthatha iminyaka ukufumanisa i-genome yonke, eya kuba yindleko engaphezulu kwama-1000.
Izicelo zeteknoloji ye-tSMSTM zininzi, kubandakanya ukufumanisa ukuhlukahluka kofuzo kubantu nakwezinye iintlobo ekuqaliseni izizathu zesifo, ukuchasana kwamachiza kwiibhaktheriya, ubunzima kwiintsholongwane nangaphezulu. Ukukwazi ukufumanisa i-gene eyodwa ngaphandle kokukhulisa kunezinto ezininzi ezinokusetyenziswa kwi-microbiology yezinto eziphilayo, njengokuba ubuchule bezakhi zofuzo zisetyenziselwa ukufumana iimbonakaliso ezinobunzima, ezingenakuchoxiswayo okanye ezifumaneka emhlabathini nakwezinye iimatriki ezivimbela ukwahlukana ngokweendlela ezikhoyo. Ukongezelela, uhlobo lweesampuli zendawo esingqongileyo luhlala lubangela ubunzima bokuvelisa i-gene usebenzisa i-PCR, ngenxa yezinto zokungcola. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ngxaki ziza kufuneka zitshathwe ukuze i-polymerase enzymes esetyenziswe kwi-tSMSTM isebenze ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Inkcazo emva kwe-molecule ilandelelwano isisiseko, kwaye unokuba uzibuze ukuba kutheni akukho mntu ucinga ngako ngaphambili. Nangona kuzwakala kulula, kuninzi izakhi zobugcisa ezibandakanyekayo ekuphuhliseni iiplatifti ezinjalo, kunye nemingeni eninzi yokugcina ii-Helicos zixakeke, kuquka ukuphuculwa kweempendulo zamakhemikhali ezintsha kunye nama-reagents, amacwecwe kunye nabafundi abaphezulu. Ukukwazi ukufumana ukukhanya kwamanzi kwiileyibhile enye kwisiseko esisodwa kudinga i- instrumentation esichukumisayo , kwaye imakhemikhali yokubhalisa kunye nokufumana iimpawu kufuneka ilungele ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka nokwenza ukuthembeka kwe-DNA polymerase njengoko isetyenziswe kwiimodeli ezingenakulungiswa kwaye zibhalwe nucleotides. Le ngenye imingeni ejongene neHelicos njengoko iyaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa le teknoloji inethemba lokuba ngelinye ilanga liza i-$ 1,000, i-gene-day genome yomntu.