Uphuhliso olutshanje
Uphando olutshanje lubonise ukuba kukho iindlela ezininzi ezikhoyo ngaphandle kokusebenza ngamaseli e-embryonic stem. Amaseli esitembu angatholakala kwi-intambo yegazi okanye efunyenwe ngokucwangcisa iiseli ezahlukileyo (oko kukuthi, iiseli zesikhumba) ukuzibuyisela kwi-pluripotent. Ezi zindlela ezingabangela ukwandisa ukwamkelwa kocingo lwe-cell stem.
Imvelaphi
NgoNovemba 1998 iphepha lokuqala lophando elipapashwe lathi ama-stem cells angathathwa kwiimbusi zabantu. Uphando olulandelayo lukhokelela ekubeni ukwazi ukugcina imigca ye-stem cell (ama-pluripotent cells) kunye neendlela zokwahlula kwiiseli ezithile kwiimveliso kunye nezitho ezahlukeneyo.
Iingxoxo malunga nokuziphatha kocingo lwe-stem cell zaqala phantse ngokukhawuleza ngo-1999, nangona iingxelo zithi i-cell stem ayikwazi ukukhula ibe yimizimba epheleleyo.
Ngo-2000 ukuya ku-2001, oorhulumente belizwe lonke baqala ukuqulunqa iziphakamiso kunye nezikhokelo zokulawula uphando lwe-cell stem nokuphathwa kwamathambo kunye nokufikelela kwimigaqo-nkqubo yendalo yonke ukukhusela "iinjongo zengqondo" (ukufuduka kweengcali zesayensi) phakathi kwamazwe.
I-IRIH (iCanada Institute of Sciences Sciences) yabhala uluhlu lweengcebiso ze-stem cell research ngo-2001. Ulawulo lukaClinton lwabhala izikhokelo zophando lwe-stem cell ngo-2000, kodwa uClinton washiya isikhundla phambi kokuba akhululwe. Urhulumente waseBush kuye kwafuneka akwazi ukujongana nomcimbi kulo lonke ulawulo lwakhe.
I-Australia, iJamani, i-UK kunye namanye amazwe nawo asele imigaqo-nkqubo.
Iinkonzo
Uvuyo malunga nophando lwe-cell stem ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yeenzuzo zonyango kwimimandla yonyango yokuvuselela kunye ne-cloning therapeutic. Amaseli esitembu anika ithuba elikhulu lokufumana unyango kunye nokunyanga kwiintlobo ezininzi zezifo kuquka i-cancer ehlukeneyo, isifo sikashukela, ukulimala kwentambo yomgudu, i-Alzheimer's, i-MS, i-Huntington, i-Parkinson kunye nokunye.
Kukho amandla angenasiphelo kwenzululwazi ukufunda ngokukhula kwabantu kunye nokuphuhliswa kweeseli ekufundeni iiseli ezinamabala.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamaseli angama-adults-derived derived from blood, intambo yegazi, i-skin kunye nezinye iifom, ezibizwa ngokuba njenge-IPSCs, ziye zaboniswa ukuba zisebenza kakuhle ekuphatheni izifo ezahlukileyo kwimifanekiso yezilwanyana. Iiseliti ezivela kwi-strings-derived cell (ezifunyenwe kwi-intambo yegazi) ziye zazisetyenziselwa kwaye zisebenziswa ngezovavanyo ezahlukeneyo. Enye indlela yokusebenzisa amaseli angama-stem angamazali. Nangona la maseli aneempawu ezinokungonakali okanye ukungaphumeleli ngokuthelekiswa nemigca yeselkriyamu (bahlala emfutshane), kunokwenzeka ukuba kukho imali eneleyo ekutshitshiseni kwabo phambili, kwaye ababhekiweyo ngokubhekiselele kwizinto eziphilayo ngabantu abaphilileyo. .
Umxhasi
Ukusetyenziswa kwamaseli e-embryonic stem ophando kubandakanya ukutshabalaliswa kwe-blastocysts eyenziwe kwii-lab. Kwabo bakholelwa ukuba ubomi buqala ekukhulelweni, i-blastocyst yobomi bomntu kwaye ukuyidiliza ayimkelekanga kwaye iziphatha kakubi. Oku kubonakala kukuphela kwenkinga ephikisanayo emile endleleni yophando lwe-stem e-North America.
Apho ibeka khona
Ehlotyeni ka-2006, uMongameli uBush wema phezu kwakhe kwimiba yocwaningo lwe-stem cell kwaye wavusa i-bill eyadluliselwa yi-Senate eyayinokwandisa inkxaso ye-federal ye-embryonic cell stem research. Okwangoku, inkxaso-mali yemali yaseMelika inokuya kuphela kuphando kwiiseli ezinamaqhekeza avela kwimibusi. Ngokufanayo, eCanada, ngo-2002, izazinzulu azikwazi ukudala okanye ukuqokelela ama-embrys yophando kodwa kufuneka zisebenzise ama-embryus asekhoyo alahlekelwa zizibini.
I-UK ivumela i-embryonic cell stlon cloning.
Ukusetyenziswa kwemigca ye-stem ukusuka kwimithombo engafumanekanga kwimimori engekho emamishinari inikwe ingqwalasela engakumbi kwiminyaka yamuva kwaye sele iboniswe njengendlela efanelekileyo yokunyanga kwezifo ezithile. Ngokomzekelo, amaseli omdala angasetyenziselwa ukufaka endaweni yamaseli e-cell-forming abulawe ngexesha likhemotherapy kwisigulane sokuguqula umongo. Iinkampani ze- Biotech ezifana neRevvicvicor kunye noMTHETHO ziphanda iindlela zokucwangcisa iiselfom cell cell, ukusebenzisa i-amniotic fluid, okanye i-stem cell extraction techniques ezingonakalisi imbumbulu, ezibonelela ngezinye iindlela zokufumana imigca ye-stem efanelekileyo.
Ngaphandle kokubaluleka, uphando ngalezi zindlela zibandakanya uphando lwama-embryonic cell cell, kunye nezimali ezaneleyo, ezinye izisombululo ezinokufunyanwa ziyamkeleka kuwo wonke umntu.
Ngomhla ka-9 kuMatshi 2009, uMongameli uBrazil waphendulela isigwebo sikaBush, evumela inkxaso-mali ye-US ukuya kwi-embryonic cell cell research. Nangona kunjalo, umyalelo usebenza ukuba iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ze-NIH kwi-data ukwabelana kufuneka zilandelwe. Nangona kukho inkqubela eyenziwa kwezinye iindawo ze-stem cell research, ukusebenzisa iiselingi ze-pluripotent ezivela kwezinye iindawo, izazinzulu ezininzi zaseMelika zibeka uxinzelelo kuorhulumente ukuba avumele ukuthatha inxaxheba kunye nokuncintisana namaYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abantu basaphikisana kakhulu.