Stickies Removal
Ama-enzyme asetyenziswa yinkampani yepalp nephepha ukuze kususwe "i-stickies", i-glues, i-adhesives, kunye neengubo ezenziwe kwi-pulp ngexesha lokuphindaphinda iphepha. Ama-stickies ayenayo, i-hydrophobic, i-hydrophobic, i-pliable materials ezikhoyo ezingagcini nje ukunciphisa umgangatho weemveliso zephepha kodwa zingakuvala umatshini wokugaya iphepha kunye neendleko zokuchitha ixesha. Izindlela zeKhemikhali zokususwa kwee-sticki, ngokudlulileyo, azikho i-100% ezanelisayo.
Ama-Stickies abanjwe kunye nezibophelelo ze-ester, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwama-enterme e-esterase kwi-pulp kuye kwaphucula kakhulu ukususwa kwabo. Ama-Esterases awanqumla i-stickies into yamancinci, amaninzi amaninzi anamanzi, ukuququzelela ukususwa kwabo kwipalp. Ukususela kwisiqingatha sokuqala sale minyaka elishumi, i-esterases ibe yindlela eqhelekileyo yokulawulwa kwee-stickies. Ukulinganiselwa kwabo kukuba, kuba ngama-enzyme, ngokuqhelekileyo kusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwiqondo lokushisa elilinganayo kunye ne-pH. Kwakhona, ezinye ii-esterase ziza kusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwiintlobo ezithile zeesters, kwaye ubukho bezinye iikhemikhali kwi-pulp zingavimbela umsebenzi wazo.
Ukukhangela kusetyenziswe i-enzyme ezintsha, kunye nokuguqulwa kwezinto eziphilayo ze-enzyme ezikhoyo, ukunyusa izinga lokushisa kwazo kunye ne-pH, kunye ne-substrate.
Amatyala
Ii-enzyme zisetyenzisiwe kwiintlobo ezininzi zeentsimbi ezingaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ukususela ekuqaleni kokuba ziqaliswe nguNovozymes. Ukusetyenziswa kwemveli ye-enzymes kwindawo yokuhlamba iimpahla ezibandakanyeka ezo zihlaziye iiproteni ezibangela izibonda, ezinjengezo zifunyenwe kwintyatyambo yeengca, iwayini elibomvu kunye nomhlaba.
I-Lipases yinye iklasi ewusizo ye-enzymes engasetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa amanqatha amanqatha kunye neengcingo zokugcoba igrisi okanye ezinye izixhobo zokucoca ezicetyisiweyo.
Okwangoku, indawo ephandwayo yophando ngophando lwee-enzymes ezinokunyamezela, okanye nokuba nemisebenzi ephezulu, kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo ezibandayo. Ukukhangela i-enzyme ye-thermotolerant kunye ne-cryotolerant iye yafaka umhlaba. Ezi enzyme zithandeka ngakumbi ekuphuculeni iinkqubo zokuhlamba kwiimjikelezo zamanzi ashushu kunye / okanye kwiqondo eliphantsi lokuhlamba imibala kunye nemnyama. Ziluncedo nakwiinkqubo zoshishino apho kukho ukushisa okuphezulu, okanye ukuhlaziywa phantsi kweemeko ezinzima (umzekelo, kwi-arctic). Ama-enzyme angapheliyo (amaprotheni anjinjini) afunwa ngokusebenzisa i-DNA teknoloji efana ne-intanethi ene-intanethi kunye ne-DNA.
Izitya
Ii-enzyme zisetyenziselwa ngokubanzi ukulungiselela iingubo ezenza iimpahla zakho, ifenitshala kunye nezinye izinto zendlu. Imfuno yokwandisa ukunciphisa ukungcola obangelwa yimveliso yombumba yenze i-biotechnological advances yatshintshile iikhemikhali ezinzima kunye ne-enzyme phantse zonke iinkqubo zokuvelisa iimpahla. Ii-enzymes zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukulungiswa kwekotoni yokucoca, ukunciphisa ukungcola, ukunciphisa "ukudonsa" kwinqumle, okanye njengengaphambi kokunyanga ngaphambi kokufa ukunciphisa ixesha lokuhlanza nokuphucula umgangatho wombala.
Zonke ezi nyathelo azenzi nje kuphela inkqubo engcolileyo kunye ne-eco-friendly, zinciphisa iindleko ezihambelana nenkqubo yokuvelisa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yendalo (amanzi, umbane, ii-fuel), ngelixa kuphucula umgangatho weemveliso zokugqibela zempahla.
Ukutya kunye neZiselo
Yisicelo sekhaya sobugcisa be-enzyme abantu abaninzi basebenolwazi nabo. Ngokomlando, abantu baye basebenzisa i-enzymes ngeenkulungwane, ekuqaleni kwezinto ze-biotechnology , ukuvelisa ukutya, ngaphandle kokwazi. Kwakunokwenzeka ukwenza iwayini, ubhiya, iviniga, kunye neeshizi, umzekelo, ngenxa yeemzyme kwi-yeasts kunye neebhaktheriya ezazisetyenziswa.
I-biotechnology yenza ukuba kube lula ukuhlukanisa kunye nokubonakalisa i-enzymes ejongene nale nkqubo. Liye lavumela ukuphuhliswa kwemimandla ekhethekileyo kwimisebenzi ethile eyenza ukuphucula ukunambitheka kunye nomgangatho wemveliso nganye.
Ii-enzymes nazo zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza inkqubo ifikeleleke kwaye iqikeleleke, ngoko ke umkhiqizo mgangatho uqinisekiswa ngazo zonke iibetch ezifakiwe. Amanye ama-enzymes anciphisa ubude bexesha elifunekayo ukuguga, uncedise ukucacisa okanye ukuzinzisa umkhiqizo okanye ukuncedisa ukulawula utywala kunye nesayhukela.
Kwiminyaka, i-enzyme isetyenzisiwe ukuguqula isitashi kwishukela. Imbewu kunye neeskruksi zengqolowa zisetyenziselwa kuwo wonke umboniso wokutya njengamnandi. Ukusebenzisa iteknoloji ye-enzyme, ukuveliswa kwezi zithako ezinokubilisa kunokunciphisa kakhulu kunokusebenzisa i-sugar sugar. Ii-enzyme zenziwe zaphuhliswa kwaye zenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kweendlela ze-biotechnology, kuzo zonke iinkathelo zenkqubo.
Isikhumba
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, inkqubo yokhenca ifihla kwiikhumba ezisebenzisekayo yayibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezininzi ezinobungozi. I-teknoloji ye-enzyme iye yaqhubekela phambili njengokuba ezinye zeekhemikhali zingatshintshwa kwaye inkqubo yenzeni ngokukhawuleza kwaye iphumelele. Kukho ii-enzymes ezingasetyenziswa kumanyathelo okuqala enkqubo apho ioli kunye neenwele zisuswa kwiindawo ezifihlakeleyo. Ii-enzyme zisetyenziselwa ngexesha lokucoca, kunye ne-keratin kunye nokususwa kwe-pigment, nokuphucula ukuthoba kwe-hifi. Baya kunceda ukuzinzisa isikhumba ngexesha lokuqhawula ukukhusela ukubola.
Iiplastiki ezinokutsha
Iiplastiki ezenziwe ngeendlela eziqhelekileyo zivela kwimithombo engeyiyo i-hydrocarbon. Ziqukethe amalekyuli amade asepolymer ahlangene kunye kwaye ayinakuphulwa ngokulula ngokutshabalalisa izilwanyana ezincinci. Iiplastiki ezinokwenziwa kwezinto ezinokutsha zingenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-polymers zityalo okanye ingqolowa, ingqolowa okanye amazambane, kwaye ziquka iipolym ezifutshane, ezilula.
Ekubeni iiplastiki ezinokudityaniswa kwemvelo zixubeke ngamanzi, ezininzi iimveliso zangoku eziqulethweyo ziyingxube yee-polymers ezingenakuhlaziywa. Ezinye iibhaktheriya zinokuvelisa iiplastiki zeplastiki ngaphakathi kweeseli zazo. Izahlulo zeenzyme ezibandakanyeka kule nkqubo ziye zahlonyelwa kwizityalo eziza kuvelisa i-granules kumaqabunga awo. Iindleko zeeplastics ezisekelwe kwizityalo zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo, kwaye azizange zihlangabezane nokuvunyelwa kwabathengi abasasazekayo.
Bioethanol
I-Bioethanol yi-biofuel esele idibene kunye nokwamkelwa koluntu ngokubanzi. Usenokuba sele usebenzisa i-bioethanol xa ungeze ifowuni yakho. I-Bioethanol inokuveliswa kwizinto zokuvelisa izityalo ezisebenzayo zisebenzisa i-enzyme ezikwazi ukwenza ukuguqulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Okwangoku, ingqolowa isetyenziselwa umthombo wesitashi, nangona kunjalo inzala ekhulayo kwi-bioethanol iphakamisa ukukhathazeka njengoko ukunyuka kwamaxabiso eengqolowa kunye nengqolowa njengoko ukutya kubungozi. Ezinye izityalo eziquka ingqolowa, i-bamboo, okanye ezinye iingca ezinokuthi zibe ngumthombo womfundi wesitashi ukwenzela ukuveliswa kwe-bioethanol.
Kuyafaneleka ukuba ngaba iindleko zokwenza i-bioethanol ingaphantsi kokusetyenziswa kwamathambo e-fosil, ngokwemveliso yokukhupha i-greenhouse. Ukuveliswa kwe-Bioethanol (ukukhula kwezityalo, ukuthunyelwa, ukuvelisa) kusenokuba negalelo elikhulu lezinto ezingenakuhlaziywa. Uphando lwezobuchwepheshe kunye nokuphathwa kwee-enzyme ukwenzela ukuba inkqubo iphumelele ngakumbi, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba izinto ezincinci zityalo okanye ukutya amafutha afumanekayo, zisebenza, ukuphucula kule ndawo ye-biotechnology.