Isicwangciso sakhe se-90/10
Akunzima ukufumana abantu bekulungele ukunika iingcebiso ngemali kodwa ukuba uWarren Buffett unikele ngcebiso malunga nomhlalaphantsi, ngaba uya kuphulaphula? Ngenetyala elingaphezulu kwama-R6 90 billion, icebiso lakhe linokubamba ubunzima kuninzi, kodwa liya kukusebenzela?
Isicwangciso se-90/10 sikaBuffett
Kwincwadi ye-2014 yabanini-nxaxheba, uBuffett uthe:
Ingcebiso yam kwi-trustee ayinakulula ngakumbi: Beka u-10% wemali kwiibhondi zorhulumente zincinci kunye ne-90% kwi-S & P 500 yengxowa-mali yexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu. (Ndiyincoma i-Vanguard [isimboli-simboli = i-VFINX].) Ndiyakholelwa ukuba iziphumo zexesha elide elivela kulo mgaqo-nkqubo ziya kuba ziphezulu kunezo ezifunyenwe ngabatyalo-mali-ingaba yimali yomhlalaphantsi, amaziko okanye abantu ngabanye-abasebenzisa abaphathi abaziintloko .
Masihlule oku. Okokuqala, ingxowa-mali yenkcazo yesikhwama sokubambisana okanye iNgxowa-mali yokuthengiselana elandela ukulandelwa kwenkcazelo ethile. Kule meko, uBuffett ubonisa isikhwama seenkcazo esilandelayo ukusebenza kwe-S & P 500. Xa i-S & P 500 iphakanyiswa, kunjalo nenkokhelo ye-index. Ucebisa ukutshala imali engama-90 ekhulwini yemali yakho kwingxowa-mali ye-stock-based index.
UBuffett ubonisa ukuba ezinye iipesenti ezi-10 ziya kwi-fund yexesha elifutshane. Abacebisi bezemali batusa ukusetyenziswa kweemali ezibophelelweyo zokhuseleko kunye nokuvumelana kwemali engenayo. Ukuba yonke iimarike zezemali zithatha isiqwenga esibi, iimali zebhanki kaninzi aziyi kuba neengxaki zemali ye-stock.
Gwema iiRhafu zeFund
Ekugqibeleni, uBuffett ugxininisa, "iindleko eziphantsi." Ukutshala imali ayikho nto. Ukuba unomcebisi wezemali, baya kuthi bahlawule imali kwaye ukuba utyalomali kwiimali ezihlangeneyo, ii-ETF, okanye ezinye iimveliso zokutshala imali ziza neentlawulo. Abanye abathengi bazifumana batshaywe ngemali emibini njengoko behlawula umcebisi wezezimali kunye neengxowa-mali.
Iimali zongeza ngokukhawuleza. Cinga ngomntu oneminyaka engama-25 ubudala onayo i-akhawunti yomhlala phantsi kunye ne-25,000 ye-balance balance. Bongeza i-$ 10,000 ngonyaka kwaye bafumana ipesenti ye-7 yokubuyisela kwaye baya kuthatha umhlalaphantsi kwiminyaka engama-40. Ukuba lo mntu uhlawula iipesenti ezi-1 kwiimirhumo, kuya kubabiza ama-dollar ayi-600,000 kwimirhumo engaphezu kweminyaka engama-40.
Ukutshala imali kwiindleko ezincinci njengeempapasho zikaBuffett, zingasindisa lo mntu ngaphezu kwama-200,000 kwiimali ezivumela ukuba athathe umhlala-phantsi malunga ne-$ 340,000.
Ngokuchasene noBulumko obuqhelekileyo
Isicwangciso sokuthatha umhlala-phantsi kaBuffett asiyi kufumana iingcebiso ezikhazimulayo ukusuka kwezinye zeengcebiso zezemali. Ubulumko obuqhelekileyo bubonisa ukungafani nokusebenzisa umxube wesitokisi, i-bond kunye namazwe ngamazwe. Iiphothifoliyo zokuthatha umhlalaphantsi zidla ngokuzaliswa kwemali-ngaphezulu kwe-2, ukuphepha umngcipheko wendawo enye yemarike engaphantsi.
Abacebisi abaninzi bezezimali baya kukhankanya noBuffett. Baza kuthetha ukuba ngokukodwa kubaxhasi ekuhambeni kwexesha, isicwangciso sakhe sibeka ubunzima obukhulu kwimali esekelwe kwi-stock-based funds apho u-1 umnotho-mhlaba ungasula imali yokugcina umhlala-phantsi iminyaka ezayo.
Umthetho owodwa owaziwayo wesitopu uthi utyalomali ipesenti yepotfolio yakho kwiimali ezibophelelweyo ezilingana nobudala bakho. Ukuba uneminyaka engama-50 ubudala, batyale ipesenti ezingama-50 kwiibhanki okanye kwiimali zebhondi. Abacebisi bezezimali ngokubanzi bayavuma ukuba kunengqondo kakhulu kwaye banokugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo kodwa bangathi isiluleko sikaBuffett asiyingozi kakhulu.
Ekugqibeleni, banokuba bathi xa uxabisa i-$ 90 billion, isicwangciso sakho sokutyalomali sihlukile kunomntu onamawaka angamawaka ambalwa ekulondolozeni ngokupheleleyo.
Yintoni Okufanele Uyenze?
Awukwazi ukulawula ngeemarike zotyalo-mali uza kwenza kwixesha elizayo kodwa unokulawula iirhafu ozihlawulayo.
Imirhumo ephakamileyo ayifumanekanga imbuyekezo engcono ngokulinganayo kangako xa ukhetha imali yakho 401 (k) okanye enye i-fund yomhlalaphantsi, khetha iifom zenkxaso ngeemali eziphantsi. Ukuba usebenzisa umcebisi wezemali, babuze ngemali yabo. Ukuba iifizi ezipheleleyo ziphezulu ngaphezu kweepesenti eziyi-1, unakho ukuhlawula kakhulu kodwa njengawe nantoni na, vavanya oko ufumene iimali ozihlawulayo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubunzima ngokwakho imeko yezemali, kunengqiqo ukuhlawula imali ephezulu. Ekuqaleni ebomini xa unesilinganiselo esincinci, i-robo-advisors ingakufaneleka ukuba ucinge.
Okwesibini, musa ukuwa ngcamango yokuba unokubetha ivenkile . Uphando lubonisa ukuba emva kwexesha, ukusebenza kwakho kuya kubonisa ngokukodwa ukusebenza kwemarike yonke. Ukuhlawula iindleko eziphezulu zabaqeqeshi-mali abazama ukubetha imarike mhlawumbi abayi kuhlawula.
Ku malunga nokulula
I-thssis yotyalo-mali kaBuffett isoloko ikhona malunga nokulula. Yakha isicwangciso esineendleko eziphantsi, esilula ukuqonda, kwaye isekelwe kwizinto ezifunyenwe zifundo eziyiminyaka. Kungcono ukufumana umcebisi wezezimali othembelayo kwaye udale isicwangciso esilungiselelwe wena, kodwa isicwangciso somhlala-phantsi sikaBuffett siye yincwadi yokudlala yomhlalaphantsi eyimpumelelo kungekuphela kwakhe, kodwa ezinye ezininzi iminyaka.