Uhlalutyo lwe-Mutual Fund: Izinto ezili-10 zokuhlalutya (kunye no-3 ukuyihoxisa)

by Kent Thune

Oko Kufuneka Ukwazi Xa Uphanda Nokuhlalutya Iimali

Uhlalutyo lwe-Mutual fund aludingeki ukuba luyinkimbinkimbi njengoko kuninzi imithombo yemithombo yezemali kunye nabacebisi abathile batyalo-mali bahlala benxibelelana. Kukho amakhulu eminqaku edatha kuphando kunye nokuhlalutya. Nangona kunjalo, ufuna kuphela ukwazi izinto eziphambili zokuphanda nokuhlalutya kunye nokunyanzela abanye.

Nantsi into ekuhlalutya ngayo xa uphando lweengxowa-mali:

Ukulinganiswa kweendleko

Iimali zengxowa-mali azihambisani. Kufuneka zilawulwe kwaye olu lawulo alukhululekile! Iindleko zokuqhuba i-fund efanayo zingabandakanyeka njengenkampani. Kodwa konke okufuneka ukwazi ukuba iindleko eziphezulu aziyi kuguqula ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwimbuyekezo ephezulu yemali. Enyanisweni, iindleko ezincinci zihlala ziguqulela kwimbuyekezo ephezulu, ingakumbi kwixesha elide.

Kodwa yimalini yexabiso lexabiso? Yiyiphi efanelekileyo? Xa usenza uphando lwakho, gcina ingqalelo emilinganiselo yokulinganiswa kweendleko zemali. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

I-Cap-Capital Stock Fund: 1.25%
Phakathi kwe-Cap Stock Funds: 1.35%
I-Small-Cap Stock Fund: 1.40%
Iimali zeeNgxowa-mali zangaphandle: 1.50%
Iikholeji ze-S & P 500 Iikholeji: 0.15%
Iimali zeBond: 0.90%

Ungalokothi uthenge i-fund eyodwa kunye namaxabiso angaphezulu kunezi! Phawula ukuba iindleko zendleko zitshintshi ngecandelo le-fund. Isizathu esibalulekileyo salokhu kukuba iindleko zophando zolawulo lweepotfoliyo ziphezulu kwiindawo ezithile zeendawo, ezifana nezitokhwe ezincinci kunye nezitokhwe zangaphandle, apho ulwazi alufumaneki ngokulula xa kuthelekiswa neenkampani ezinkulu zasekhaya. Kwakhona uhlalutyo lwemali lulawulwa ngokunganyanzelwanga. Ngenxa yoko iindleko zingagcinwa kakhulu.

Umphathi weeNgxowa-mali (kwi-Fund Managed-Funds)

Umphathi weeNkcitho ubhekisela kwisixa seminyaka, ngokuqhelekileyo kulinganiswa kwiminyaka, umphathi wesikhwama sombutho okanye iqela lolawulo liye lalawula i-fund eyodwa.

Umphathi wezobalulekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wazi xa utyalo-mali kwiimali eziphathekayo ezilawulwayo. Abaphathi beengxowa-mali ezilawulwa ngokuzimeleyo bazama ukunyusa umgangatho othile, njengeS & P 500; ngoxa umphathi weengxowa-mali ezilawulwa ngokukhawuleza utyalo-mali kuphela kwi-securities efanayo.

Xa ukhangele ukusebenza kwimbali yembali, qiniseka ukuqinisekisa ukuba umphathi okanye iqela lolawulo liye lalawula i-fund kwithuba elithile ohlolisayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ukhankanywa kwiminyaka emi-5 yokubuyiswa kwengxowa-mali kodwa umphathi wengqesho unyaka owodwa kuphela, ukubuya kweminyaka emi-5 ayinanto yokwenza isigqibo sokuthenga le ngxowa-mali.
Inani leMpahla

Ukubambisana kweengxowa-mali ezihlangeneyo kubonisa i-securities (amasheya okanye amabhondi) abanjwe kwingxowa-mali. Zonke izibambiso ezingundoqo zidibanisa ukwenza iphothifoliyo enye. Cinga ibhakethi ezaliswe ngamatye. Ibhakethi yintlawulo kunye kunye nelinye ilitye isitokethi esisodwa okanye ibhondi ephethe. Isibalo sawo onke amatye (amasheya okanye iibhondi) lilingana nenani labanamalungelo.

Ngokubanzi, iimali ezixhamlayo zineziphumo ezifanelekileyo zebonke inani lokubamba kwaye lolu hlu luxhomekeke kwicandelo okanye uhlobo lwenkxaso . Ngokomzekelo, iimali zenkcazo kunye nemali yebhanki ethile kulindeleke ukuba ibe nenani elikhulu lokubamba, ngokuphindaphindiweyo kumakhulu okanye nakwiwaka lama-stocks okanye amabhondi. Kweminye iminye imali, kukho ukungalungi ukuba nemibutho embalwa okanye emininzi kakhulu.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba ingxowa-mali inama-20 okanye angama-30, ukungazinzi kunye nomngcipheko kunokuphakama kakhulu kuba kukho iibamba ezincinci ezinempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwe-fund. Ngaphandle koko, ukuba i-fund ine-400 okanye i-500 holdings, inkulu kangangokuthi ukusebenza kwayo kuya kufana ne-index, njenge-S & P 500. Kule meko, umtyalo-mali unokuthenga kuphela enye ye- S & P 500 Inkcazo yemali kunokubamba isikhwama esikhulu samasheya ngamakhulu amakhulu.

Ingxowa eneendawo ezincinci kakhulu zifana nesinqanawa esilwandle elingahamba ngokukhawuleza kodwa sisengozini kumaza amaninzi amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, i-fund enezikhundla ezininzi zinzima kakhulu kungenakonakaliswa ngokubanzi ngamanzi ashukunyayo kodwa ayikwazi ukufuduka kwiqonga elincinci elingaqhayisa i-shell yayo kwaye iyancipha njengeTitanic.

Khangela i-fund ngenani elingama-50 ubuncinane kodwa ngaphantsi kwama-200. Oku kunokuqinisekisa ubungakanani "obuchanekileyo" obuncinane okanye bunzima kakhulu. Khumbula ukulawulwa kwe-apula-to-aples kwaye ujonge kwimida yeklasi elinikeziweyo ye-fund . Ukuba ingxowa oyihlalutyayo iphantsi okanye iphantsi kwinani elipheleleyo labanikiweyo kunelo candelo elifanelekileyo, ungathanda ukumba ubunzulu ukuze ubone ukuba le ngxowa-mali ilungile kuwe.

Kwakhona, uya kufuna ukubona ukuba ingxowa oya kuhlalutya ifanelana nezinye iimali kwipotfoliyo yakho. I-fund eneempahla ezingama-20 kuphela ingozi, kodwa inokusebenza njengengxenye enye yokuxuba okuxubileyo kweemali eziphathekayo ngaphakathi kwipotfoliyo yakho.

Umsebenzi wexesha elide

Xa uphando kunye nokuhlalutya utyalo-mali, ingakumbi imali-mali, kulungile ukujonga ukusebenza kwexesha elide, enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo kwiminyaka eyi-10 okanye ngaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, "ixesha elide" lidla ngokusetyenziswa ngokubhekiselele kwixesha elingaphantsi kwexesha elifutshane, njengonyaka omnye okanye ngaphantsi. Oku kungenxa yokuba amaxesha eminyaka-1 ayibonakali ulwazi olwaneleyo malunga nokusebenza kweengxowa-mali okanye umphathi wezikhwama amandla okulawula iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali ngokusebenzisa umjikelezo opheleleyo weemarike, oquka ixesha lokunciphisa imali kunye nokukhula kwaye kubandakanya imarike yenkomo kwaye ithwale imarike . Umjikelo ogcweleyo weemarike ngokuqhelekileyo unyaka wesi-3 ukuya kwe-5. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlalutya ukusebenza kweminyaka emi-3, iminyaka emi-5 kunye neminyaka eyi-10 yokubuyiswa kwengxowa-mali. Ufuna ukwazi ukuba le mali iyenze ngokubini kunye nokuhla kweemarike.

Ngokuqhelekileyo umtyalo-mali ohlala ixesha elide uqeshe isicwangciso sokuthenga kunye nesibambiso , apho iimali ezikhethiweyo zikhethiweyo kwaye zithengwa kodwa zingatshintshanga kakhulu ukuya kwiminyaka emininzi okanye ngaphezulu. Esi sicwangciso siye sachongwa ngokugqithiseleyo isicwangciso sephothifoliyo .

Umtyalo-mali osisigxina unokukwazi ukuthabatha umngcipheko wokuthengisa imali. Ngoko ke, ukuba bengenakucinga ukuba bathatha ingozi ephezulu, bangakhetha ukwakha iphothifoliyo enobudlova .

Ukulinganiswa kwemali

Ukulinganiswa kokubuyiswa kwemali yenkxaso-mali kunye nomlinganiselo wenkxaso-mali oyingqungquthela yomlinganiselo wenkxaso-mali ekhoyo yatshintshwa (iphendulwe) ngunyaka odlulileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ingxowa-mali yokubambisa iifaki ezi-100 ezihlukeneyo kunye ne-50 zazo zatshintshwa ngonyaka omnye, umlinganiselo wenzuzo uza kuba ngama-50%.

Inani eliphantsi lokuthengiswa libonisa isicwangciso sokuthenga kunye nesigxina sezimali eziphathekayo eziphathekayo kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo zihambelana nemali elawulwa ngokunganyanzelwanga , njengemali yenkcazo kunye ne- Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) . Ngokubanzi, kunye nazo zonke ezinye izinto zilingana, i-fund eneentengo eziphezulu zentengiso ziya kuba neendleko zokuthengisa eziphezulu (ixabiso lexabiso ) kunye neendleko zerhafu ephezulu, kunokuba ingxowa enexabiso elincinci. Isishwankathelo, inzuzo engaphantsi iguqulela kwimbuyekezo ephezulu .

Ezinye iintlobo zeengxowa-mali okanye iindidi zeemali ezifana neengxowa-mali kunye neengxowa-mali ezincinci zemali zamasitoreji ziza kuba neentengo eziphezulu ze-stock (ukuya kwi-100% okanye ngaphezulu) ngelixa ezinye iintlobo zeengxowa-mali, ezifana neengxelo zemali, ziya kuba nenzuzo engaphantsi (ngaphantsi kwe 10%) xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zemali.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuzo zonke iindidi zengxowa-mali, umlinganiselo ophantsi we-revenue ratio ungaphantsi kwe-20% ukuya kwi-30% kwaye inzuzo ephezulu ingaphezu kwe-50%. Indlela efanelekileyo yokufumana ingeniso efanelekileyo yoluhlobo lwengxowa-mali yokunikezelwa kweengxowa-mali kunye nokwenza i "apula kwiipulo" ukuthelekiswa nezinye iimali ezikwinqanaba elifanayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umyinge wesikolo-mali esincinci sesincinci sinomlinganiselo we-90%, unokukhetha ukufumana iimali ezincinci zemali kunye neempembelelo ezingaphantsi kwelo phawu eliphakathi.

Ukusebenza kweRhafu (iiAkhawunti eziThengiswayo)

Le ngcaciso yenkcazelo yocwaningo yimiba yophando kuphela eya kufakwa kwi-akhawunti yerhafu yokurhafelwa (kungekho i-akhawunti ehlawulwe irhafu, efana ne-IRA okanye i-401k). Abanini-mali be-Mutual bahlala bedidekile xa befumana ifom ye-1099 ethi bafumana inzuzo kwizabelo okanye ukuba bafumene igalelo lentengo .

Iphutha eliphambili apha nolu luleko olulula: abatyali-mali beMatual often bajonga ukuba imali yabo ityalwe njani. Ngokomzekelo, imali edibeneyo ehlawula igalelo (kwaye ke ivelise umvuzo-mali womrhumeli) ityala imali kwiinkampani ezihlawula igalelo. Ukuba umtyalo-mali oyimali engaziwa ngokubambisana kweengxowa-mali, baya kumangaliswa yizabelo okanye iintlawulo ezinkulu ezidluliselwa kumtyalomali ngxowa-mali. Ngamanye amazwi, i-fund ye-collective ingenza igalelo kunye neenzuzo ezinkulu ezihlawulwayo ngaphandle kolwazi lomtyalomali. Kuze kube ngu- 1099-DIV iza kwiposi.

Isifundo esisisiseko apha kukubeka imali evelisa irhafu kwi-akhawunti ehlawulwe irhafu ukwenzela ukuba ugcine ukugcina imali yakho. Ukuba unayo iingxelo ezingenayo irhafu, efana ne-akhawunti yomthengi rhoqo, kufuneka usebenzise iimali ezixhasayo zerhafu.

I-fund yokubambisana kuthiwa yenzeke ngerhafu xa ithe yahlawuliswa kwisilinganiso esezantsi ngokumalunga nezinye iimali. Iimali eziphathekayo zentlawulo ziza kuvelisa amanqanaba aphantsi ahlawulelo kunye / okanye inzuzo eyinkunzi xa kuthelekiswa nengxowa-mali ephakathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingxowa engekho yerhafu yenze igalelo kunye / okanye i-capital gain kwizinga eliphezulu kunexabiso lezinye iimali.

Iimali eziphathekayo zerhafu zenza igalelo elincinci okanye akukho nzuzo okanye imali eyinzuzo. Ngoko ke, uya kufuna ukufumana iintlobo zeengxowa-mali ezihambelana nale ndlela ukuba ufuna ukunciphisa irhafu kwi-akhawunti ye-brokerage rhoqo (kwaye ukuba injongo yakho yokutshala-mali kukukhula -ngenayo ingeniso). Okokuqala, unako ukuphelisa imali ephantsi kokusebenza kakuhle.

Utyalo-mali lwentengiso kwiinkampani ezinkulu, ezifana neengxowa-mali ezinkulu ze-stock stock, zivelisa igalelo ezinxulumene neemeko eziphezulu ngenxa yokuba iinkampani ezinkulu zihlala zidlula ezinye zeenzuzo zazo kunye nabalimi-mali ngendlela yezabelo. Iimali zeBond zivelisa imali engenayo kwimali efunyenwe kwii-bond bonds, ngoko-ke ayinako ukukhangela irhafu. Kufuneka kwakhona uqaphele ngeemali eziphathekayo eziphathekayo ngenxa yokuba zizama "ukubetha imarike" ngokuthenga nokuthengisa izitokisi okanye iintambo. Ngoko banako ukuvelisa i-capital income excessively ngokweqhathaniswa neengxowa-mali ezilawulwa ngokungapheliyo .

Ngoko ke, imali efanelekileyo yerhafu ngokuqhelekileyo yimiba ekujoliswe kuyo ukukhula, njengemali ye-stock stock, kunye neengxowa ezilawulwe ngokungathandabuzekiyo, njengemali yenkcazo kunye ne- Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) .

Indlela eyona ndlela ebalulekileyo yokwazi ukuba ingxowa-mali iyasebenza okanye ayinako ukuhlawulwa kwentlawulo ngokujonga iinjongo ezikhankanyweyo. Ngokomzekelo, injongo ye "Growth" ibonisa ukuba le ngxowa iya kubamba iintengiso zeenkampani ezikhulayo. Ezi nkampani ziphindaphinda zibuyisele inzuzo yazo kwinkampani-ukuze zikhule. Ukuba inkampani ifuna ukukhula, abayi kuhlawula igalelo kubatyalomali - baya kuvuselela inzuzo yabo kwinkampani. Ngako oko i-fund efanayo kunye nenjongo yokukhula yinkcitho ephezulu yerhafu ngenxa yokuba iinkampani apho imali ityala khona ihlawula encinci okanye ayikho igalelo.

Kwakhona, iimali zenkcazo kunye ne- ETF zenzeke ngempumelelo yerhafu ngenxa yokuba ubuninzi beemali zifana nokuba akukho ncinane okanye akukho nzuzo (ukuthengwa nokuthengiswa kweempahla) ezingabangela irhafu kumtyalo-mali.

Indlela echanekileyo kunye ethembekileyo yokwazi ukuba ingxowa-mali iyasebenza kakuhle ukusebenzisa ithuluzi lophando lwe-intanethi, njenge- Morningstar , enika izilinganiso zentsebenzo ezisisiseko okanye iirhafu zokulungiswa kweerhafu ngokuthelekiswa nezinye iimali. Uya kufuna ukukhangela ukubuya kweentlawulo ezilungelelaniso ezikufuphi "ukubuyiswa kwentlawulo yangaphambili." Oku kubonisa ukuba ukubuyiswa kwenetha lomrhwebi akuzange kususwe yerhafu.

Injongo ephambili yongomalimi ohlakaniphileyo kukugcina iintlawulo kubuncinci kuba iirhafu zidibanisa ukubuyiswa kweentlawulo zeefowuni. Nangona kunjalo, kukho okunye okunye okungafaniyo kulo mgaqo jikelele. Ukuba umtyalo-mali unayo i-akhawunti ehlawulwe irhafu, njenge-IRAs, 401 (k) kunye / okanye i-annuities, akukho nkxalabo malunga nokusebenza kwerhafu kuba akukho zerhafu ezikhoyo ezifunekayo ngelixa ziphethe imali enye okanye zonke ezi iintlobo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umtyalo-mali unalo kuphela i-akhawunti yomrharensi ehlawuliswayo, banokuzama ukugxininisa ekubanjeni kuphela imali yeengxelo kunye ne-ETFs.

I-Mutual Fund

Xa uphando ngemali, kubalulekile ukwazi uhlobo lunikelo okanye uluhlu olufunekayo ukuqala okanye ukuzalisa iphothifoliyo yakho.

Iimali zokubambisana zihlelwe kwiindidi ngeklasi ye-asethi (amasheya, iibhonksi, kunye nemali) kwaye ibuye ibekwe ngokwengeziwe ngesitayela, injongo okanye isicwangciso. Ukufunda indlela iimali zobudlelwane bezobambiswano zikwahlula ngayo umncedisi-mali ufunde indlela yokukhetha imali engcono yokunikezelwa kweefa kunye neenjongo zohlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, kukho iifowuni zentengo, uxhasano lweemali kunye kunye nemali yemali yemali. Iimali ze-Stock kunye neebhondi, njengeentlobo zeengxowa-mali eziziiprayimari, zinamaqela amaninzi ezichaza ngakumbi indlela yokutshala imali ye-fund.

Imali ye-Stock ikwahlulelwa kuqala ngesitayi ngokwemilinganiselo yexabiso lemarikeji (ubukhulu boshishino okanye iqumrhu elilingana nexabiso lesabelo ngokuphindaphindiweyo inani lezabelo ezikhoyo):

Iintlobo zeengxowa-mali zebhondi kunye nendlela ezikwahlula ngayo zingaqondwa kakuhle ngokuphinda zihlaziywe ngokubaluleka kwezibhonkco . Iimali zeeBond ziyi-IOU ezikhishwe ngamashishini, njengamaRhulumente wase-US okanye amaqumrhu, kunye neengxowa-mali zentsebenziswano kunye nezibophelelo zixhomekeke ngokubanzi ngalawo mabandla afuna ukuboleka imali ngokukhupha izibophelelo:
Uhlobo lokuhamba

Ukukhutshwa kwesitayela yinkinga ekwaziwayo encinane kwimali yokubambisana, ngokukodwa iimali ezilawulwa ngokuzimeleyo, apho umphathi wezezimbuliso uthengisa uhlobo oluthile lokhuseleko kwaye uthenga olunye uhlobo oluthile olungenalo inxalenye yinjongo yokuqala yenkxaso. Ngokomzekelo, isikhwama esikhulu se-stock exchange fund singasenza "siqhube" kwisitayela esiphakathi kwesikhokelo ukuba umphathi ubona amathuba amaninzi kwiindawo ezincinci zentengo.

Xa wenza uphando lwakho, qiniseka ukuba ujonge imbali yeso sikhwama. I-Morningstar yenza umsebenzi omuhle wokubonelela olu ngcaciso.
R-Squared

I-R-squared (R2) isilinganisi esiphezulu saloo batyali abangasebenzisa ukuchonga ukulungelelaniswa kotyalo-mali oluthile kunye (ukufana) kunye nendawo yokutsalwa. Abaqalayo akudingeki ukuba bazi okokuqala kodwa kulungile ukwazi. I-R2 ibonisa ipesenteji yokunyuka kweengxowa-mali ezingachazwa ngokunyakaza kwi-index index. Ngokomzekelo, i-R-squared ye-100 ibonisa ukuba zonke iindleko zeengxowa-mali zingachazwa ngokunyakaza kwi-index.

Ngamazwi ahlukeneyo, ibhenkethi yinkcazo, njenge- S & P 500 , enikwa ixabiso le-100. I-R-squared ethile yeengxowa-mali ingabonwa nguthelekiso obonisa indlela efanayo ngayo i-fund kwi-index. Ukuba umzekelo, i-R-squared yengxowa-mali i-97, ithetha ukuba i-97% yenkqubela yeengxowa-mali (ups and downs in performance) ichazwe ngokunyakaza kwisahlu.

I-R-squared inokunceda abatyali-mali ukuba bakhethe imali efanelekileyo ngokucwangcisa ulwahlulo lwezikhundla zabo zemali. Ngokomzekelo, umtyalomali ophethe i-S & P 500 Index yesikhwama okanye enye i-fund ene-R-square ephezulu kwi- S & P 500 , uya kufuna ukufumana ingxowa nge-correlation ephantsi (i-R-square-square) ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayakha iipotifoliyo yeengxowa-mali ezihlukeneyo .

I-R-squared ingaba luncedo ekuhlaziyweni kwemali ekhoyo kwiphothifoliyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isitayela sabo "asiqhubeki" kweso simboli. Ngokomzekelo, isikhwama se-stock cap siyakhula ngobukhulu kwaye umphathi wezikhwama unokwandisa ukuthenga amasheya amakhulu kwithuba. Ekugqibeleni, yintoni eyayiyi-fund ye-stock cap xa uthenge yona njengesi sikhwama esifana nesiKhwama se-S & P 500 Index.
INgxowa-mali

Xa ungeze imali entsha, qiniseka ukuba awuyi kutyalomali kwindawo oye wayenazo kwipotfoliyo yakho. Ukuqhubana kwenzeka xa umnini-zimali eneengxowa-mali zombini okanye ngaphezulu ezithatha iziqinisekiso ezifanayo. Ngokomzekelo olula, ukuba umtyalo-mali unemali emzimbeni emibini kunye kwaye bobabini batyale imali kwiimpahla ezifanayo, ukufana kufana nemiphumo yokunciphisa iintlobo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokunyuka kweempahla ezifanayo-ukunyuka okungafunekiyo kwimarike yemarike .

Cinga ngomzobo weVenn kunye nezijikelezo ezimbini, ngamnye omele i-fund fund, ehamba phakathi. Njengomtyalo-mali, awufuni into emininzi ye-intersection phakathi kweesangqa-ufuna imali encinci yokwenjenjalo. Umzekelo, zama ukungaba ne-stock-one-cap-stock okanye isikhombiso-mali, enye ingxowa-mali yesinye isizwe, isikhwama esisodwa se-stock-stock, isikhwama esisodwa se-bond, kunye njalo.

Ukuba ukhetha ukuba nemali emininzi, okanye unama-401 (k) icebo ngokukhetha okuncinci, unokubona ukuxhamla kwezimali ngokujonga enye yezona ndawo ziphandeleleyo zophando zokuhlalutya imali kunye nokujonga kwi-R-squared (R2).

Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.

Ixabiso lentengo yexabiso (NAV)

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo eziqaliswa ngabatyalisi kukudibanisa intengo ngexabiso kunye nokudibanisa intengo ngexabiso lexabiso lempahla (NAV). I-NAV yesikhwama sokubambisana asiyithethi kodwa kunoko ixabiso lilonke leemali ezithintekayo kwiinkxaso zemali, ezahlula izabelo ezikhoyo. Ngeenjongo ezifanelekileyo, kunjalo, i-NAV ingaqwalaselwa "yintengo." Nangona kunjalo inani eliphakamileyo alibonisi ixabiso eliphezulu kunye nexabiso elincinci alibonisi ixabiso elincinci okanye ixabiso. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Yeka i-NAV; ayinanto yokwenza kunye nexabiso okanye inzuzo yesikhwama sobodwa.

Ukusebenza kwexesha elifutshane

Uninzi lwabathengi-zimali kufuneka batyhoxise ukusebenza kwexesha elifutshane xa benza uphando lwabo ngenxa yokuba ezininzi iimali ezingekho zilungele ixesha elifutshane lokutyalomali; ziye zenzelwe ukuhamba phakathi kwexesha elide (iminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwe-10 okanye ngaphezulu) iinjongo zotyalo-mali. Ixesha elifutshane, malunga nokutyalomali, ngokubanzi kubhekisela kwisithuba esingaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu. Kwakhona kunjalo ngokuqhelekileyo ukwahlula abatyali-mali kunye neziqinisekiso zobungqina. Enyanisweni, uninzi lwezibambiso zotyalo-mali, ezibandakanya iimasheya, iimali eziphathekayo, kunye nezinye iimbophelelo kunye neemali ezixhaseneyo, azifanelekanga ngexesha lokutyalomali elingaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu.

Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umcebisi-mali ucela imibuzo ukulinganisa ukunyamezela kwakho, bafuna ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zokutyalombela ezifanelekileyo kuwe kunye neenjongo zakho zotyalo-mali. Ngoko ke, ukuba uxelele umcebisi ukuba injongo yakho yotyalomali kukugcina ikhefu uceba ukuthatha iminyaka emi-2 ukususela ngoku, uza kukwahlula njengomtyalo-mali osisigxina. Ngoko ke iintlobo zentengiso-futshane ziza kuba zilungele kule njongo yokulondoloza.

Iimali zebhondi kunye neentlawulo zikwahlulwa njengexesha elifutshane ukuba ukukhula okuthe ngqo (okanye ngokuchanekileyo oko kuthiwa ubude) buphakathi kweminyaka eyi-1 ne-3.5.

Xa uphando kunye nokuhlalutya utyalo-mali, ngokukodwa imali ephathekayo ephathekayo , ixesha eli-1 aliniki naluphi na ukuqonda okuthembekileyo kwithemba elithile lokuqhuba kakuhle kwixesha elizayo. Kungenxa yokuba amaxesha eminyaka-1 ayibonakali ulwazi olwaneleyo malunga nekhono lomphathi wezikhwama ukulawula iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali ngokusebenzisa umjikelezo opheleleyo weemarike, oquka ixesha lokunciphisa imali kunye nokukhula kwaye kubandakanya imarike yenkomo kwaye ithwale imarike .

Umjikelo ogcweleyo weemarike ngokuqhelekileyo unyaka wesi-3 ukuya kwe-5. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlalutya ukusebenza kweminyaka emi-3, iminyaka emi-5 kunye neminyaka eyi-10 yokubuyiswa kwengxowa-mali. Ufuna ukwazi ukuba le mali iyenze ngokubini kunye nokuhla kweemarike. Ngoko ke, i-short-term (engaphantsi kweminyaka engama-3) ayinakucingwa xa uphando ngeemali zobudlelwane bexesha elide lokutyalo-mali.

Umphathi weeNkxaso (kwi-Index Index)

Ewe, imemori yakho ilungile: Kuqikelele ukuhlalutya umphathi wengqesho xa uphando ngezimali eziphathekayo eziphathekayo, ezenza ingqiqo. Nangona kunjalo akukho nto iqondayo ukuhlalutya umphathi weengxowa- mali . Makhe ndichaze ...

Iimali ze-Index zilawulwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo, oko kuthetha ukuba abayilwanga "ukubetha imarike;" zenzelwe ukufanisa i-index index, efana ne-S & P 500. Ngoko umphathi wezezimali akayena mlawuli ngokwenene; bazithengela kwaye bathengise amasheya ukukopisha into ekhoyo.

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