Ngaphambi kokuba Uthenge iiMali eziMali, Yazi iindleko, kwaye uzigcine eziNcinane
Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge iimali ezidibeneyo, qiniseka ukuba uyazi iindleko. Nantsi i-primer kuzo zonke iirhafu kunye neendleko onokuzihlawula (okanye uya kuphephela ukuba uyaziphepha) xa uthenga iimali zentengiso:
Imithwalo ye-Mutual Fund
Imithwalo imirhumo ehlawuliswe kumtyalomali xa kuthengisa okanye kuthengisa iintlobo ezithile zeemali eziphathekayo.
Injongo yemithwalo ukuhlawula umthengisi okanye umcebisi ngeenkonzo zabo. Ngoko ke, ngaphandle kokuba usebenza nomthengisi okanye umcebisi, akufanele uhlawule umthwalo woluphi uhlobo!
Kukho iintlobo ezisisiseko zemithwalo:
- Imithwalo-yokugqibela Imithwalo : Ezi zihlawulwe phambili (ngelixesha lokuthenga) kwaye ziphakathi kwe-5% kodwa zingaba ziphakamileyo njenge-8.5%. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba utyalomali i-$ 1,000 nge-5% yemithwalo yangaphambili, isixa somthwalo siya kuba yi-$ 50.00, ngoko ke utyalo-mali lwakho lokuqala luya kuba ngu-950. Iimali zokubambisana kunye nemithwalo yangaphambili ziza kubakho ngeSahlulo seMali yeSahlulo, eziqhelekileyo zichongiwe yileta 'A' ekupheleni kwegama le-fund.
- Umva wokugqibela Umthwalo : Okubizwa ngokuba neentlawulo ezithengiswayo ezithengiswayo, ukulayishwa kwakhona kuhlawulwa kuphela xa uthengisa i-fund. Ezi ntlawulo nazo zingaba ngama-5% okanye ngaphezulu, kodwa ipesenteji yomthwalo idla ngokunciphisa ngokunyuka kwiminyaka emininzi de kube umyinge wemithwalo ufikelela kwi-zero. Iimali zengxowa-mali kunye nemithwalo yangemuva ziza kuba neengxenye zeeMali zeBakala, eziqhelekileyo zichongiwe yileta 'B' ekupheleni kwegama le-fund.
- Imithwalo yeNqanaba : Le mithwalo ayihlawulwanga xa kuthengwa, okanye kuthengiswa kwe-fund. Kunoko, kukho ipesenti "eqhubekayo" eqhubekayo, efana ne-1.00%, ukuba umtyalo-mali uhlawulela inkampani ye-fund. Njengemithwalo yokugqibela yokugqibela kunye nemithwalo yokugqibela, imithwalo yezinga ayikho imirhumo ehlawulwa ngqo ngaphandle kwesikhwama somtyalomali, kwaye "ayihlawuliswa" kumtyalomali. Kunoko, kunye nemithwalo yezinga, umrhumo uyanciphisa ukubuyiswa kwenetha lomtyalo-mali. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba isibonelelo somthwalo wezinga lokuhlawula i-1.00% sinokubuyiselwa kwemali phambi kweemali ezi-10%, umtyalomali uza kufumana intlawulo ye-9%. Iimali zokubambisana kunye nemithwalo yezinga ziza kuba zikwabelana ngeemali zeClassi C , eziqhelekileyo zichongiwe yileta 'C' ekupheleni kwegama le-fund.
Ukuba kufuneka usebenzise imali yemithwalo yemali, esincinci kunomtsha-mali-mali osisigxina, unethemba lokuba kunye nexesha eliyiminyaka eli-10 okanye ngaphezulu, iya kuba yimali ye-front-load okanye iA shares. Ixabiso elininzi kwiimali-mali zangexesha elide, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo okusemgangathweni kwixesha elifutshane lokubamba, ixesha le-C yiklasi.
Kwakhona kuthiwa ngamakhomishina okulandelwayo okanye ngamanye amaxesha abizwa ngokuthi "iifizi ezifihliweyo, iifizi ezi-12b-1 zihlawuliswe ngamanye amaxhaswa kunye kunye nokusetyenziswa ukuhlawula iindleko, ukuhanjiswa kunye neenkonzo zentlawulo. qho ngonyaka.Imali yeeCandelo B kunye no-C ngokubambisana ngokubanzi ihlawulisa imali ephezulu ye-1.00% ye-12b-1, ngelixa i-A share share funds kunye neefowuni zemithwalo ngokuqhelekileyo ayithethi imali eyi-12b-1.
Kwakhona, ukuba awusebenzisi umthengisi okanye umcebisi, kufuneka usebenzise iimali ezingekho mthwalo !
Imali yokuThengiswa kweMali yeMutual Fund
Imirhumo yokuthengiselana iindleko zorhwebo ezihlawulwa kumtyalomali xa kuthengisa okanye kuthengisa izabelo zeempahla, iimali ezihlangeneyo okanye ii-Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs). Le mirhumo inokuthi ibe ngaphantsi kwe-$ 7 kubathengisi abathile beSaphulelo, njengeStratrade okanye uCharles Schwab, kodwa bangaba phezulu, kuxhomekeke kutyalo-mali kunye / okanye umthengisi.
Ezi ntlawulo zihlawulwa ngexesha elilodwa, kodwa zivela rhoqo xa umtyalomali athenge amasheya. Abanini-mali abaninzi ngokuhlakanipha bathengisa izabelo zeempahla zabo, iimali kunye kunye ne-ETF ngezikhathi ezithile, njengenyanga.
Kodwa ukuba iintlawulo zihlawuliswa kwintengiso nganye, iindleko zongeza ngaphezu kwexesha. Ngokomzekelo, intlawulo ye-$ 10 yentengo nganye yorhwebo iya kwandisa ukuya kuma-120 ngonyaka ngonyaka ukuthengwa kwenyanga. Ukuba umtyalomali uthengisa iirhafu ezingama-100 ngenyanga, ixabiso lemali yokuthengiswa kwe-$ 10 linciphisa utyalo-mali kwi-90, eyi-10% indleko. Akufani nawa-10% "ukulahlekelwa" kwixabiso ngenxa yokunyuka kweemarike.
Isishwankathelo, iindleko zokurhweba kunye nezinye iindleko zi-drag in ukusebenza jikelele. Ngoko ke, kuba abatyala-mali abaninzi, intsapho engabikho mthwalo, njengentengo yeVanguard, iTrust okanye i-T-Rowe Price, yinto ekhethekileyo yokukhetha utyalo-mali oluphantsi. Ngokutyalomali ngokuthe ngqo kwintsapho yeengxowa-mali, iimali zokuthengiselana zivame ukukhishwa.
Khangela " akukho mali yokuthengisa " (okanye i-NTF) ngaphambi kokuthenga. Ukuba uthanda i-fund ethile kodwa i-broker okanye inkampani yenkxaso-mali ityala inkokhelo yentengo yokuthenga amasheya, zama ukuthenga iimali ezinkulu, ngexesha elifutshane, ukuba isicwangciso sinengqiqo kwiinjongo zakho zokulondoloza kunye neenjongo zotyalo-mali.
Iimali zeeMali zeMatual Fund
Izilinganiso zeendleko ziipesenti ezibonisa inani lemali ehlawulwe kwiinkampani ezixhasayo kunye nokuqhuba i-fund, kuquka zonke iindleko zolawulo kunye nemali e-12b-1. Njengeminye imirhumo kunye neendleko ezinxulumene neengxowa-mali, umlinganiselo weendleko awubhekiseli intlawulo ehlawulwa ngqo ngumtyalomali. Kunoko, iindleko zithathwa kwii-assets fund. Utyalomali ufumana ukubuyiswa kwenetha. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ingxowa-mali ene-1.00% yexabiso lentlawulo inokubuya kwe-10.00% yonyaka phambi kweendleko, umtyalo-mali uza kufumana intlawulo ye-9.00% emva kweendleko.
Kukho imali eninzi yokubambisana kunye namaxabiso angaphantsi kwe-average-cost to select from the world. Ngoko ke ungahlali kwixabiso elininzi xa unako ukufumana umgangatho ongezantsi kwaye uphezulu! Nantsi ukuphazamiseka kunye nokuthelekiswa kwezilinganiso zindleko eziqhelekileyo onokuzilindela, ngokusekelwe kwicandelo leengxowa-mali:
- I-Cap-Capital Stock Fund: 1.25%
- Phakathi kwe-Cap Stock Funds: 1.35%
- I-Small-Cap Stock Fund: 1.40%
- Iimali zeeNgxowa-mali zangaphandle: 1.50%
- Iikholeji ze-S & P 500 Iikholeji: 0.15%
- Iimali zeBond: 0.90%
Ungalokothi uthenge i-fund eyodwa kunye namaxabiso angaphezulu kunezi! Ukulinganiswa kweendleko ziphezulu kakhulu kwiimali ezilawulwa ngentshiseko ngenxa yophando kunye nohlalutyo olufunekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza ("ukubetha i-market"). Kodwa ngokugqithiseleyo, uninzi lweengxowa-mali ezilawulwa ngokunyanisekileyo aluphelelanga iimpawu zeebenkmark ngaphezu kwexesha elide, ngakumbi kwiminyaka engaphezulu kwe-10 ukuya kwe-15 nangaphezulu.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, jonga iimali ezingekho mthwalo kunye neenkcukacha zenkcitho kwiindleko eziphantsi kunye neentlawulo ezihambelanayo kunye nexesha.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.