Iinzuzo zokusebenzisa iikhompyutheni zeeNgxowa
Yintoni i Index?
Isalathisi, ngokubhekiselele kutyalo-mali, kuyisampuli yeesitokisini okanye iibhonkthi ezimele icandelo elithile lemarike yemali.
Umzekelo, i-Standard & Poor's 500 (i- S & P 500 ), isalathisi esimele malunga nama-500 eenkampani ezinkulu zase-US, ezifana ne-Wal-Mart, iMicrosoft kunye ne-Exxon Mobil.
Ziziphi iingenelo zeengxelo zeNgxowa-mali?
Kukho izizathu ezintathu ezibalulekileyo ukuba abatyali-mali kufuneka baqwalasele ukusebenzisa imali yenkcazo kwiindlela zabo zokuzicwangcisa. Iintlobo eziphambili zeengxelo zenkxaso-mali ziyi-management management, iindleko eziphantsi kunye nokubanzi okwehlukeneyo.
- Ulawulo olusisigxina: Iimali zengxowa-mali zinokulawulwa ngamandla okanye zilawulwa ngokunyanzeliswayo. Umphathi weengxowa-mali eziphathekayo eziphathekayo, umzekelo, uthengisa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye uthengise amasheya ngenjongo 'yokubetha imarike,' elandelwa umlinganiselo othile, njengeS & P 500 . Kukho ingozi ebalulekileyo, nangona kunjalo, ukuba umphathi osebenzayo uya kwenza izigqibo ezingalunganga kwaye enze phantsi kwe-S & P 500 (ngaphezu kweyesibini kweyesithathu kwiimali ezilawulwa ngentshiseko ayifuni ukukhupha iikhompyutheni ixesha elide kuneminyaka eyi-10). Ngokwahlukileyo, umphathi weengxowa-mali, olawulwa ngokukhawuleza, ufuna kuphela ukuthenga nokugcina izibambiso ezimele inkcazo enikezelweyo ngenjongo yokuhambelana nokusebenza kwesalathisi, ukuyibetha. Isishwankathelo, isizathu sokuba ulawulo oluthile lulungele ukuba utyalomali athathwe kwilizwi esithi, "Ukuba awukwazi ukubetha ', qhafaza' em. '
- Iindleko eziphantsi: Ukugcina iindleko ezincinci ziyinzuzo enkulu kwiimali zenkcazo kunye nokugcinwa kweendleko kuguqulela kwimbuyekezo ephezulu kumtyalomali. Iindleko eziphantsi zeengxelo zemali ziyimisebenzi yolawulo lwazo. Xa abaphathi bengasebenzisi ixesha kunye nemali yokucwaninga iisitokthi kunye / okanye iibhondi zokuthenga nokuthengisa kwiipotifoliyo, iindleko zokulawula i-fund ziphantsi kakhulu kuneemali ezilawulwa ngokuzithandela. Ezi ndleko zokulondolozwa zigqityiwe kumtyalo-mali. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, khangela i-index index kunye namaxabiso aphantsi kakhulu.
- Ulwabiwo olubanzi: Umtyalo-mali unako ukubamba iindleko zeqela elikhulu kwinqaku-mali. Iimali zekhompyutheni zihlala zityalomali kumawaka okanye nakwiwaka lama-holdings; nangona ngezinye iimali ezilawulwa ngamandla zityalomali kwiingxowa ezingaphantsi kwama-50. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimali ezinamanani aphezulu ezibanjisiweyo zinomngcipheko ophantsi weemarike kunezo zineenkampani ezimbalwa; kunye neenkcukacha zenkxaso ngokubanzi zibonelela ngokubambisana neziqinisekiso ezingaphezu kwamalungu abo alawulwa ngokuzithandela.
Iinkampani ezigqwesileyo kakhulu ezinobuninzi beendleko zenkcitho ephantsi ziquka iVanguard, i-Fidelity noCharles Schwab.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa i-securitie s.