Imali eFiweyo
Ingeniso ekhompyutheni ingabhekisela kwisicwangciso sotyalo-mali okanye isitayela esenzelwe ukuvelisa imali engenayo okanye ezinzile okanye ingabhekisela kwiintlobo zotyalo-mali kwi-portfoliyo yokutshala imali.
Ukusuka kwindlela yokuphila, imali engenayo ingabonakalisa ingeniso yomntu.
Xa kwakhiwa iphothifoliyo yeemali zentengiso, i-term income income ngokubanzi ibhekisela kwingxenye yepotfoliyo equkethe imali ephantsi kwengozi yemarike kwaye ihlawula inzala kumtyalomali ngenjongo yokuvelisa ingeniso. Ingcamango ebanzi yeqhinga lokutyalomali lokungenisa imali ngenjongo yokuvelisa ukubuyiswa okuzinzile kunye nokuqikelelwa.
Injongo eqhelekileyo yesicwangciso esicwangcisiweyo sokutyalombela ingeniso ngumhlalaphantsi. Eli lixesha ebomini apho ukufumana ukubuyiswa okuzinzileyo kunye nokuqikelelwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Umntu onomhlala phantsi unokuthembela kwimithombo engenayo, njenge-Social Security, ipensheni, i-annuities kunye / okanye i-akhawunti yezotyalo-mali, ovelisa inani elifanayo lemali engenayo (okanye inani elinyukayo kwinani elincinci, umyinge onyakeni) ngonyaka. siseko. Ngamazwi ahlukeneyo, ingeniso yomntu ayifani ngokungafaniyo ngokwezinto eziphathekayo ngexesha elide kwaye banako ukukwazi ukufumana ukwanda kwamanani kwiindleko zexesha.
Umehluko phakathi kweeBond kunye neBond Mutual Funds
Iibhondi zibopheleleko zetyala ezikhutshwe ngamaziko, njengamashishini okanye urhulumente. Xa uthengisa intlawulelo, uboleka imali yakho kwiqumrhu ngexesha elichaziweyo. Ukutshintshiselana nemboleko yakho, iqumrhu liyakukuhlawula umdla kude kube sekupheleni kwexesha (usuku lokukhula) xa uza kufumana inzala-mali yokuqala okanye inkokhelo (inqununu).
Iintlobo zeebhondi zihlelwa liziko elikhuphayo. Amashishini anjalo afaka iinkampani, iinkonzo eziphatheka esidlangalaleni kunye noorhulumente, basekuhlaleni naseburhulumenteni.
Iimali zeBond zixhaswa ngeemali ezizimeleyo ezityalomali kwizibophelelo. Faka enye indlela, isikhwama esisodwa sekhonkco sinokucingwa njengobhasikidi bamaninzi okanye amakhulu kumabhondi angaphantsi (kubambiso) ngaphakathi kwipotfoliyo enye. Ngokomzekelo, i-fund ye-bond bond iya kubamba ngokutsha izibophelelo ezikhishwe ngamashishini. Ndiza kucacisa ngakumbi iinkcukacha zeengxowa-mali zebhanki kamva kweli nqaku.
I-Market Risk yoTyalo-mali
Xa uva igama elithi "ingeniso engenayo" ungacinga ukuba zonke izitrato ezingenisiweyo okanye iintlobo zotyalo-mali aziguquki kwixabiso. Lo buxoki! Kuyinyaniso, ukuba xa uthengile umbophelelo, ufumana inkokhelo echanekileyo kwixesha elithile elikhankanyiweyo (de kube i-bond "ikhula"), xa ufumana isixa-mali sakho sokuqala). Nangona kunjalo, intengo yebhondi iya kunyuka okanye iphantsi. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufuna ukuthengisa intsimbi yakho ngaphambi kokuba ikhule, kwaye ixabiso liyehlile, uya kugqiba ukufumana ngaphantsi kwesixa-mali esiyibekele yona.
Ukutshala imali kwiibhondi ngokubanzi, kuthatha ingozi enkulu xa kuthelekiswa nama-stocks. Nangona kunjalo, iibhondi kunye neengxowa-mali ezidibeneyo ezixhamliweyo azikho mngcipheko.
Umngcipheko omkhulu kakhulu ngokutyalomali kwiibhonksi ngumngcipheko wezinga lomdla . Xa ixabiso lentengo liphakama, ixabiso lentengiso liyehla. Ngokomzekelo, masithi uthenge umboleko ohlawula i-2.0% yemali kunye nokukhula kweminyaka emi-5 ukususela ngomhla wokuthenga. Emva koko, kwiminyaka emibini kamva, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okunyuka kwaye umtyalo-mali angathengisa ibhondi efanayo ngelixabiso elifanayo kodwa le ntlawulo entsha ihlawula i-3.0%. Ukuba ufuna ukuthengisa ibhondi yakho ehlawula i-2.0%, uya kufuneka ufumane intengo ehlaziyiweyo kuba ngubani ofuna ukuhlawula ixabiso elipheleleyo lebhondi ehlawula inzala engaphantsi kunezinye iimbophelelo?
Indlela iibhanki zeBond zingenza ngayo imali
Umngcipheko wezinga lomyinge unokuba nokuxhalaba ngakumbi kubatyali bezivumelwano zabathengi abaxhamlileyo kunotyalo-mali. Njengokuba kuchaziwe ngaphambili, imali yebhondi isebenza ngokwahlukileyo kunamabhonkco ngenxa yokuba iimali zengxowa-mali zibandakanya amaninzi okanye amakhulu amabamba abaphathi kunye neengxowa-mali zeengxowa-mali zihlala zithenga kwaye zithengisa izibophelelo eziphantsi kwenkxaso-mali.
Imali yeBond ayinawo "intengo" kodwa ixabiso leNtsalelo yeNtsalelo yeNtsalelo ( NAV ) yee-holdings. Abaphathi nabo kufuneka bahlangabezane nokuhlengwa (kubanye abatyali-mali batyhoxise imali kwi-fund). Ngoko utshintsho kwixabiso lamanyanzelo liya kutshintsha i-NAV yenkxaso-mali.
Kwiimeko zokunyuka kwamaxabiso, ixabiso lentengo ngokubanzi liwela. Kwakhona, oku kubangelwa ukuba utyalo-zimali abanqwenela ukuthenga izibhanki ezihlawula umrhumo omncinci ngaphandle kokuba bafumana isaphulelo.
Ukongezelela, ixesha elide lokukhula, inkulu ukuguquka kwintengo ngokumalunga nokunyuka kwezinga lentengo. Ngethuba lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye namaxabiso ahlayo, imali yexesha elide lembotyi iya kuncipha kwixabiso ngaphezu kwexesha eliphakathi kunye nexesha elifutshane. Ngenxa yoko abanye abatyali-mali kunye nabaphathi bemali baya kutshintshwa imali yabo engenayo yokufumana imali ekufutshane xa kufakwe ilinganiso. Xa izinga lokunciphisa inzala liye linciphisa ukukhula kwexesha elide (oko kukuthi i-long-term bond bond) ingaba bhetele olungcono.
Isishwankathelo, i-bond mutual fund ingalahlekelwa xabiso ukuba umphathi wezintengiso uthengise inani elibalulekileyo leebhanki kwindawo ephakamileyo yenzalo kunye nabatyalomali kwiimarike ezivulekileyo baya kufuna isaphulelo (hlawula ixabiso eliphantsi) kwiibhondi ezidala ezihlawula umdla amazinga. Kwakhona, ukwehla kwamanani kuya kuphazamisa i-NAV.
Iintlobo zeeNgxowa zeBond
Iimali zobudlelwane bezivumelwano zeBond zihlelwe ngokweenjongo eziphambili ze-fund, oko kuthetha ukuba udidi luya kuchaza iintlobo zeebhondi ezigcinwe kwipotfoliyo. Iimali zeBond zingabandakanywa iintlobo ezininzi zeekhonkco, ezifana neenkampani okanye urhulumente, kwaye emva koko zichazwe ngokukhawuleza ngexesha elide ukuya kukhula, njengexesha elifutshane (ngaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu), ixesha eliphakathi (iminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwe-10) kunye nexesha elide -mitha (iminyaka eyi-10 okanye ngaphezulu).
Igama lekhredithi yebhondi kaninzi likunika inkcazelo malunga nenjongo yalo kwaye ke ngoko kubamba kwayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ucinga ukuthenga amasheya e-bond mutual fund, ebizwa ngokuba yi-XYZ ephakathi kwexesha elide lokuThengisa ukuThengiswa kweMpahla, ithetha ukuba iphothifoliyo iqulethe ngokubambisene neebhondi ezinxulumene nokukhula kweminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwe-10. Izibophelelo eziphezulu zokuvunwa, ezibizwa ngokuba yizibophelelo ezingenanto , zihlala zihlawula inzala ephakamileyo kodwa zithwala ingozi engaphezulu, oko kuthetha ukuba inkampani ekhupha isibophelelo ingaba namandla okuhlawula imali.
Abaqalayo bazilumko ukuphepha izibophelelo ezingenanto kwaye bafune iimali-mboleko zexesha eliphakathi ezidibeneyo kunye neendleko eziphantsi.
Iingxowa-mali eziphambili, eziphantsi kweendleko kunye neentlobo ezihlukeneyo zichonga imali . Isalathisi, ngokubhekiselele kutyalo-mali, yinkampu yesampula yee-securities ezimele icandelo elichaziweyo lemarike. Ngamazwi ahlukeneyo, ukuba ufuna ukufumana ukutyhila okubanzi kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo ezinkulu kunye nohlobo olukhethiweyo lweebhondi, utshintshe imali.
Ukubhengezwa ngokubanzi kwiimarike ezibopheleleyo, sebenzisa i-fund ye-bond index index. I-"index total market market" ngokuqhelekileyo ibhekisela kwi -Index ye-Aggregate Bond Index , eyaziwa ngokuba yiBarCap Udidi, oluyi-indeal ebanzi yobuninzi obubambisene nezibophelelo ezininzi ze-US kunye nezinye iibhondi zangaphandle ezithengiswa kwi-US.
> Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe njengengcebiso-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.