Jonga iintlobo ezifanelekileyo zeemali zabaqalayo
Ukukhetha iimali eziphambili zokubambisana nabaqalayo akuyona into yokufumana abadlali abalungileyo bomhla. Esikhundleni saloo ndlela, abaqalayo bayabulumko ukuba bazi iinjongo zabo zophuhliso kunye nezicwangciso zexesha elizayo kwaye balungiselele isicwangciso sexesha elide.
Ngoko ke, ucinga ukuba ufuna ukwenza oko ngokwakho, ngokuchasene nokusebenzisa umcebisi, kuqiqile ukuqonda ukuba yeyiphi iinkampani ezixhasayo kunye neengxowa-mali eziphantsi kweendleko eziphantsi, ezingekho mthwalo. Unako uqhubeke ukuya ekukhethweni kweengxowa ukusuka apho.
Kutheni usebenzise imali engekho mthwalo?
Iingxowa-mthwalo zilungele ukuba ziqaliswe kuba zikhululekile kwiinkomishana zabadayisi kunye neentlawulo zentengiso, ngokubanzi eyaziwayo ngokuthi "imithwalo," ejoliswe njengentlawulo yeenkonzo zokucebisa. Ukuba uthengela imali yakho, uxelwa ukuba sele uyenzile ngokwakho ufaniso kunye nomcebisi weengcebiso kwaye uye wagqiba ukuhamba yedwa kunye nokuthengwa kweefowuni. Ngenxa yoko akukho sizathu esihle sokuhlawula iimali kunye nemali yeemithwalo, ngokukodwa kuba imali engekho mthwalo ihlala ibonelela ngeentlawulo eziphezulu ukulayisha imali kwixesha elide lokubamba. Ngamazwi ahlukeneyo, ukuba uthengile kwaye ubambe utyalo-mali kunye nenjongo yakho yokutshala imali (umz. Umhlalaphantsi) uneminyaka emininzi okanye ngaphezulu kude kube ngoku, uya kulungelelanisa ngemali engenayo imithwalo.
Sebenzisa Omnye weeNkampani ezingenanto zokuThatha i-Mutual Fund
Ndiyicinga ukuba awuyi kuyeka ngengxowa-mali eyodwa kunye kunye neenjongo zakho zotyalo-mali zixesha elide (ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu).
Ngako oko uya kufuna ukuqwalasela iinkampani ezingenanto ezingenayo imithwalo yeengxowa-mali ezibandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxowa-mali kunye neentlobo kuba uya kufuna ukuqhubeka nokwakha i-portfolio yakho yemali ngenjongo yezohlukeneyo . Ezinye zezona zikarhulumente ezingenanto ezingenayo imithwalo yemali ziquka i-Vanguard Investments, i-Faithfulness, kunye ne-T.
Ixabiso lentengo.
Kutheni iifayile ze-S & P 500 zekhompyutheni zingaba bhetele kubaqalayo
Imali yenkcazo ingaba yindawo enhle yokuqalisa ukwakha iphothifoliyo yemali yokuxhaswa kwemali ngenxa yokuba ininzi yazo inexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu leendleko kwaye inokukunika ithuba lokufikelela kwiindawo ezininzi okanye amakhulu emasitya abamele amashishini ahlukeneyo kwi-fund eyodwa. Ngoko ke, unokuhlangabezana nomnqophiso wokuqala wokufumana imali ephantsi-mali, eyahlukeneyo. Ngolunye ulwazi kwiimali zenkcazo, khangela iphepha lethu le- Index Investment FAQ . Kwakhona, iVanguard, i-Fidelity, kunye ne-T. Rowe Price ziinkampani ezinxulumene neengxowa-mali zokuxhasa imali. Unokukhangela kwakhona uCharles Schwab.
Indlela yokutshala imali kwi-fund eyodwa
Ukuba ufuna ukuthatha indlela elula kakhulu kwaye utyalomali isamba semali kwisikolo esisodwa, kukho iindlela ezimbalwa ezisebenza kakuhle ngokubhekiselele kwiindleko eziphantsi kunye nokubanzi:
- Iingxowa-mali ezilinganisiweyo : Ebizwa ngokuba yi- hybrid funds okanye i-aseset allocation funds, ezi zi-mali ezidibeneyo ezenza imali kwi-stock equity allocation of stocks, bonds, kunye cash. Ulwabiwo oluhlala luhlala luhleli kwaye lugxotha ngokutsho kweinjongo okanye utshilo olukhankanyiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, iFundelity Balanced Fund (iFBALX) ine-asethi yesabelo se-65%, iibhondi ezingama-30, kunye ne-5% yemali. Oku kubonwa njengengozi ephakathi okanye iphothifoliyo ephakathi .
- Umhla wokujoliswa kweeNgxowa-mali eziMali : njengoko igama libonisa, i-Target-Date Mutual Funds inotyale ukuxuba kwamasitokethi, iibhonksi kunye nemali efanelekileyo ukuba umntu atyalwe de kube ngumnyaka othile. Njengoko umhla ojoliswe kuwo ufikelele, umphathi wezezimali uza kuncipha ingcipheko yemakethe ngokutshintsha impahla kwi-stocks kunye nakumabhonkco kunye nemali, nto leyo umtyalomali ngamnye ozenzayo ngokwabo. Ngoko ke, i-targeted-date-funds funds are "yeka kwaye uyibale" utsalo-mali. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uyasindisa umhlalaphantsi kwaye ucinga ukuba ungasusa umhlala-phantsi malunga nomnyaka we-2035, ukukhetha okulungileyo ukuba ube nguVanguard Target Retirement 2035 (VTTHX). Emva koko unokuphelisa uphando lwakho, wongeza ngexesha elongezelelweyo imali entsha kwi-fund, kwaye ujonge iqela lakho linyama likhula njengoko uqhubeka ngokuphila ubomi bakho!
Ukuhlalutya i-fund fund
Unokwazi ukufumana yonke into oyifunayo ukuba wazi kwenye yezona ndawo zizezona zixhobo eziphezulu zophando .
Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuphanda, uya kufuna ukwazi izinto ozifunayo kunye nendlela yokuhlalutya ngayo i-fund efanayo .Le nto ifaka ngaphezu kokusebenza kwangaphambili. Njengoko uyazi, uya kufuna ukukhangela imali engekho mthwalo kunye namaxabiso angaphantsi kwexabiso, ezinokunyusa iziphumo zokubuyiselwa kwexesha elizayo. Le mpawu ibaluleke kakhulu kwiimali zenkcazo, ezibizwa ngokuba yimali elawulwa ngokungagqithwanga ngenxa yokuba umphathi wezezimali akazami "ukubetha imarike" kodwa kunokuba ulingane nesicatshulwa (ngokunganyanzelwanga).
Kukho iimali ezilawulwa ngentshiseko , apho umphathi wezezimali uzama ukuzama ukufumana iindleko ezifanelekileyo kwixabiso elifanelekileyo. Ezi mali ziza kuba namaxabiso amaninzi aphezulu ngenxa yokuba uphando olongezelelweyo lufuna ukwandisa iindleko zokulawula i-fund. Ngeengxowa-mali ezilawulwa ngenyameko, uya kufuna ukujonga umphathi wenkxaso ukuqinisekisa ukuba umphathi wezikhwama ubekho kwisigxina iminyaka engama-3 (kwaye unethemba lokuba iminyaka emihlanu okanye ngaphezulu). Esi siqinisekiso sokuthi ukusebenza kwesikhwama kubangelwa ngumphathi wangoku kwaye akukho mnye umntu osanda kutsala umhlala phantsi okanye washiya inkampani yengxowa-mali ukulawula i-fund ehlukile.
Indlela yokwakha iphothifoliyo yemali
Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge i-fund yakho yokuqala yokuqala, uyazizilumko ukuqonda indlela yokwakha iipotifoliyo zeemali ezihlangeneyo . Oku kubuya kwinqanaba lokuqala lokufunda izicwangciso zakho zesikhathi eside zokutshala imali kunye nokusekela imali yakho yokuthenga kwesi sicwangciso. Unokwazi ukubheka oku njengomdwebo nokuphonononga isicwangciso sekhaya ngaphambi kokwakha isiseko sayo.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke gcina izinto ezilula kwaye qi niseka ukuba ungagqibi-ucinge okanye uphinde uhlalutye imali. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuqala ukuqala kukucinga. Iinkcukacha ziyakwazi ukuzisebenza emva koko. Ukulinda ixesha elide ukutyalo-mali kuza kuqala ukuphazamisa iinjongo zakho zotyalo-mali.