Ingxaki kukuba asiyi kutyalomali; sigxininisa kwaye kukho okungakumbi ukuhlalutya imali yentsebenziswano ngaphandle kokuhlaziya ukusebenza kwangaphambili. Enyanisweni, izibonakaliso ezifanelekileyo zexesha elizayo zibandakanya izinto ezininzi abatyala-mali abangayiboniyo.
Kukho ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo, ezifana nomphathi wenkampani , umlinganiselo weendleko , umlinganiselo werhafu, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwentela ukuhlalutya nokuqhathanisa ngaphambi kokuthenga i-fund eyodwa:
Hlaziya ukuSebenza kweNgxowa-mali
Ukuba uya kuhlaziya imbuyekezo yembali, kufuneka uyenze ngokufanelekileyo. Ukusebenza kwangaphambili akuqinisekisi iziphumo ezizayo kodwa kubalulekile xa uhlalutya imali elawulwa ngokuzimeleyo . Nangona kunjalo, abatyali-mali abaninzi babanjwe kwisicupho sokugxotha ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukuthenga iimali eziqhuba kakuhle kwaye zithengisa zona eziqhuba kakubi. Le yindlela enye yexesha leemarike eziqinisekisa ukuba utyalomali uya kuhlala ethenga nokuthengisa okuphantsi-okuchasene nokuziphatha kwezilwanyana ezihlakaniphile. Xa uhlalutya ukusebenza kwangaphambili, gxininisa ngakumbi kwiminyaka emi-5 kunye neminyaka eyi-10 ukubuya ngenxa yokuba ezi zihlandlo zithuba zibonakaliso ngakumbi kwikhono lomphathi wezikhwama ekuhambeni kwimo engqongileyo yezoqoqosho.
Hlaziya uMphathi
Ukuba ukhankanywa kwimbuyiselo yeminyaka emi-5 kunye neminyaka eyi-10, kuya kuba yimpazamo ukuthenga izabelo zale ngxowa-mali ukuba umphathi uye wahlala ekhondweni lonyaka owodwa. Oku kubonisa ukuba umphathi odlulileyo unembopheleleko yokusebenza okude kwangexesha elide kodwa umphathi omtsha akazibonakalisi.
Ngokufanayo, awuyi kukugxotha ingxowa-mali ukuba ubudala obuyiminyaka eyi-10 bubukeka bubuhlwempu, kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zemali , ukuba usebenze iminyaka emi-5 ubukeka kakuhle kwaye umphathi wezeminyaka uneminyaka emi-5. Kule meko, umphathi wangoku kufuneka athathe iitaliti kwimbuyekezo emi-5 kodwa angayifumana isohlwayo yonyaka-10. Isishwankathelo, qiniseka ukuba amaxesha ohlalutyayo ahambelana nokuhlala komphathi wamanje. Ungaphinda ufune ukuphephelela ngokupheleleyo imali kunye nomphathi wengqesho ngaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu.
Khangela ukulinganiswa kwexabiso eliphantsi:
Iindleko eziphantsi zinika i-fund intloko yokuqala ngokuchasene neemali ezifanayo kunye nezilinganiso eziphezulu zeendleko. Ngamazwi ahlukeneyo, iindleko ezinxulumene neendleko ziphezulu ukuqhuba. Ngokomzekelo, zonke ezinye izinto zilingana, i-fund efanayo kunye nexabiso lentengo ye-0.50 inenzuzo enamandla ngaphezu kwengxowa-mali efana nentengo ye-1.00.
Ukuba zombini iimali zineempembelelo ezibi (phambi kweendleko) ze-10.00% kunyaka onikwe wona, i-fund yokuqala iya kuba ne-net return (emva kweendleko) kumtyalomali we-9.50% kunye neyesibini ye-fund iya kuba ne-net sales ye-9.00%. Ukugcina imali encinci ibe yindleko enkulu kwixesha.
Kuyavunywa, umphathi wezikhwama unokuvelisa iziphumo ezinamandla kwixesha elifutshane (iminyaka engaphantsi kwe-5) ngeendleko eziphezulu ezinxulumene kodwa oku kusebenza nzima kunzima ukufezekisa ngokuqhubekayo kwixesha elide (ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu).
Yingakho abatyali-mali bathetha imali yenkcazo : Iindleko ziphantsi kwaye ukubuyela kwexesha elide kunomlinganiselo ophakamileyo kuninzi lwengxowa-mali elawulwayo.
Khangela i-Low Ratio Ratio:
Ingeniso yesikhwama ibonisa ipesenti yebhanki zebhanki ezithathelwe indawo kunyaka odlulileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ingxowa-mali yokubambisa iifaki ezi-100 ezihlukeneyo kunye ne-50 zazo zatshintshwa ngonyaka omnye, umlinganiselo wenzuzo uza kuba ngama-50%. Ukuthengiswa kuhambelana nomlinganiselo weendleko kuba ukuthengisa okuthe ngqo (ukuthengwa nokuthengisa) kuguqulela kwiindleko eziphezulu, ezifana nezomashishini zorhwebo kunye neendleko zophando. Isilinganiselo esiphezulu sokubuyiswa kwemali sikhombisa "ukuthenga nokubamba" ifilosofi yokutshala imali, ngokuqhelekileyo ikhethwa ngabatyala-mali bexesha elide kwaye ibonisa ukukholelwa kwinqanaba le-fund manager, ngokuchasene nesicwangciso esiliqilileyo sexesha leemarike , esinokuvelisa ukubuyiswa komyinge kodwa ukwandisa umngcipheko.
Hlalani nikhumbule i-apula-to-aples ukulawula apha kwaye uqhathanise imali kwimida yabo echaphazelekayo ngenxa yokuba ezinye iimali, ezifana neengxowa-mali, ziza kuba nemali ephezulu ngaphezu kweminye iindidi kunye neendidi zeengxowa-mali.
Fumana iNgxowa-mali efanelekileyo kwiAkhawunti eziThengiswayo
Iintlawulo ezingaphantsi zidla ngokuguqulela kwimbuyekezo ephezulu kuba ugcina imali yakho kwaye unomdla kuyo xa ubeka utyalo-mali. Uninzi lwabatyalomali babekho i-akhawunti enye ehlawulwe irhafu, efana ne-IRA, 401 (k), 403 (b) okanye i-annuity, kodwa ukuba unayo i-akhawunti okanye i-akhawunti ye-brokerage ye-akhawunti, ngokubanzi kufuneka ufumane iimali ezahlukileyo ezingenzi uninzi lomthwalo werhafu ovela kwizabelo kunye nokunikezelwa kwemali. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, unokufuna ukucaca ngokucacileyo imali edibeneyo yemali kunye neengxowa-mboleko kwi-akhawunti yakho yomrhweba rhoqo, ukuba kunokwenzeka. Unokubeka le mali kwiakhawunti yakho ekhishwe irhafu. Le ndlela yokuqulunqa imali kunye nokwahlula imali kwiingxelo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezisekelwe ekusebenzeni kwerhafu kuthiwa indawo ye-asethi .
Cinga ngeengxelo zeNgxowa-mali
Zonke izikhokelo ezingentla apha zihlalutyo ngemali yokubambisana ngokuyinhloko ekukhetheni iimali ezilawulwa ngempumelelo . Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokuhlaziywa kwemali elawulwa ngokungathandekiyo ayifanelekanga, ngokuyinhloko kuba imali yenkcazo yemali ibe nemilinganiselo yeendleko eziphantsi kunye nokulinganiswa kwexabiso eliphantsi kwaye umphathi wengqesho akaqhelekanga. Xa uhlalutya imali yenkcazo, uya kufuna ukuqiniseka ukuba ixabiso lexabiso liphantsi ngoba iindleko eziphantsi ziyinzuzo enkulu kulolu hlobo lwemali. Ngokomzekelo, ii- S & P 500 Index Index ziphakathi kweefowuni zeendleko eziphantsi kakhulu. Ukuba uya kusebenzisa kuphela imali yenkcazo, unokufuna ukuvula i-akhawunti kwi-Vanguard Investments, apho uza kufumana ukhetho olukhethileyo lwemali yenkcazo kunye nee- ETs ezifumaneka kwindawo enye yengxowa-mali.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.