IiNkcazo zeeNkcazo zoMhlala phantsi ngabanye
IRA: Ezi ncwadi zintathu zibalulekileyo zinokudlala indima enkulu kwisicwangciso sakho sokugcina umhlalaphantsi. Kungenxa yokuba iAkhawunti yoMhlala-phantsi, okanye i-IRA, ikunceda ukugcina umhlalaphantsi ngeli xesha likhusela nakwezinye iindawo zokuqala: i- IRS .
I-akhawunti yeRhafu yomhlala-phantsi (IRA) luhlobo lwe-akhawunti yokulondoloza enika iingeniso ezithile zerhafu. Ukulondoloza umhlala-phantsi kunye nokukhula kwamahhafu okanye kwi-tax-backerred basis kunamathuba amaninzi.
Ukuba awuzange ufake i-Akhawunti yomhlala-phantsi yomntu ngamnye kwisicwangciso sakho sokulondoloza umhlala-phantsi, unokulahlekelwa ithuba elihle lokulondoloza amaphupha akho omhlala phantsi kunye nokunciphisa i-bill yakho yerhafu.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-IRAs, ngasinye sineziphumo zabo ezikhethekileyo zerhafu kunye neemfuno zokufaneleka.
IRAs zendabuko
Nazi ezinye zezinto eziphambili ze-IRA yeNdabuko:
- I-IRA yendabuko ithathwa njengesithuthi sokulondoloza umhlala-phantsi. Oku kuthetha ukuba awuyi kuhlawula nayiphi na irhafu kwimali yakho engenayo kule akhawunti uze uhoxise imali. Ngenxa yoko, unokukwazi ukuqokelela ngaphezulu kwi-IRA xa kuthelekiswa ne-akhawunti ehlawulwayo ngenxa yokuba unako ukukhupha irhafu kwintlalo kunye nemali ezuzwa ngotyalo-mali lwe-IRA.
- Nabani ongaphantsi kweminyaka engama-70½ kunye neholo engenayo unokufaka isandla kwi-IRA yendabuko. Igalelo lakho lingahlawulwa irhafu xa uhlangabezana nemigangatho ethile. Imingcipheko yokuba ngubani onokuthatha intsalelo kwi-IRA yemigangatho yemiselweyo isekelwe kwimivuzo yakho kunye nokuba ngaba wena okanye lakho iqabane lihlanganiswe isicwangciso somhlalaphantsi emsebenzini.
- Xa uhoxisa imali kwi-IRA, ukuhanjiswa kubandakanywe kwingeniso yakho engenayo. Ihlawulwa njengerhafu yengeniso.
- Ngokubanzi, i-IRAs ayifanele ifumaneke phambi komhlalaphantsi. Ukuba uhoxisa imali ngaphambi kokuba ufikelele kwiminyaka engama-59 nesiqingatha, kukho enye irhafu yeerhafu kwi -distribution yokuqala . Ierhafu zerhafu zongeza kwiirhafu zentlawulo kunye nekarhulumente kwizinga lakho lentlawulo epheleleyo yerhafu. Ezinye izinto ezingekho kwimigaqo yokukhishwa kwexesha eliphambili ekuvumela ukuba uthathe imali kwi-IRA yakho ngaphandle kwesihlwayo xa uhlangabezana nemigangatho ethile.
- Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-IRA ayilona utyalo-mali, kodwa kunoko uhlobo lwe-akhawunti enokuxhaswa ngemali kunye ne-investments ezifana ne-stocks, iibhondi, iimali ezihlangeneyo, ii-CD, okanye ezinye iimali-mali ezivumelekileyo.
Nge-IRA yendabuko kufuneka uthathe isabelo esincinci ngaphaya komnyaka xa uvula iminyaka engama-70.5 ubudala. Ukuba awuhlangabezani nokusabalala okuncinci okufunekayo ngonyaka ngamnye kuya kufuneka uhlawule irhafu yerhafu ye-50 ekhulwini yexabiso elithile elifunekayo lokusabalalisa.
Roth IRAs
Nazi ezinye zezinto eziphambili zeRoth IRA:
- I-Roth IRA iyinqwelo engasetyenzisiweyo yokugcina umhlala-phantsi.
- Ngokungafani ne-IRA yeNdabuko, apho i-akhawunti ikhula kwi- tax-backerred basis, i- Roth IRA inikezela ukukhula okungahlawulwa kwentlawulo yomhlala-phantsi kunye nokuhambisa. Izabelo ezivela kwiRoth IRA azihlawulwanga ngokupheleleyo, ngaphandle nje kokuba udibana neemeko ezithile. Ngenxa yoko, unokukwazi ukuqokelela ngaphezulu kwi-Roth IRA yakho kunokuba i-akhawunti ehlawulweyo ngenxa yokuba awuhlawuli irhafu unyaka ngamnye kumdla kunye neengeniso ezifunyenwe kwi-akhawunti yakho ye-Roth IRA.
- Unako ukwenza igalelo kwiRoth IRA nangona uphelelwe isicwangciso somhlalaphantsi emsebenzini.
- Ukukwazi ukufaka isandla ngqo kwi-Roth IRAs kusekelwe kwimingcele yembuyekezo.
- Ngokungafani ne-IRAs zendabuko, i-Roth IRAs ayithobeli phantsi kwemithetho emiselweyo yokusabalalisa ngexesha lokuphila kwakho.
- Njenge-IRA yeNdabuko, kwakhona kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iRoth IRA ayilona utyalo-mali. Kunoko, luhlobo lwe-akhawunti enokuxhaswa ngemali ngeesitokisini, iimali ezihlangeneyo, ii-CD, okanye ezinye iimali ezifanelekileyo.
Ukukhetha Phakathi kweNdabuko neRoth IRA
Ukugqiba ukuba i-Traditional okanye i-Roth IRA yenza ingqiqo enkulu kuwe ibe yinto enzima yokwenza. Isisombululo esona sigqibo sokugqibela sihlala phantsi ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa inzuzo yokupasa irhafu (ukuba ufanelekile) okanye ujonge ukurhoxiswa kweerhafu emva koko. Ezi zombini zikhethi zentlawulo ezihle zentela, kodwa yintoni engcono?
Ukuba uzama ukhetho olukhethekileyo, cinga ngezi zigqibo:
- Linganisa ukuba kungekudala uza kufuneka ufikelele ukugcina imali yakho yomhlalaphantsi. Ngokubanzi, kufuneka ube ubuncinane 59 1/2 ukuqala ukurhoxisa imali kwi-Roth IRA okanye ngaphandle kwehlawulo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kuya kufuneka ube neRoth IRA ubuncinane iminyaka emihlanu ngaphambi kokufikelela kuyo ngaphandle kokuhlawulwa kwerhafu yokuzuza. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba unako ukurhoxisa umrhumo wakho wokuqala ngaphandle kwesihlwayo nangaliphi na ixesha ngexesha. Ukuba ucinga ukuba ungadinga imali ngokukhawuleza emva kweminyaka emihlanu emva kokuvula i-akhawunti kwaye unokufuna ukufikelela kwigalelo lakho lemvelaphi kunye nemali oyifumanayo, i-IRA yeNdabuko ingaba yinto ekhethekileyo. Ukuba unexesha elide elide elingaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu, oku akufanele kube yinto.
- Qinisekisa ukuba uninzi lwegalelo lakho onokuyithatha. Ukuba ufumana imali eninzi ukuze wenze igalelo elichithwe yerhafu kwi-IRA yeNdabuko kodwa ufanelekile ukufumana i-Roth IRA, ke ukhetho lulula. Ukuba ufumana imali eninzi ukuze unikele ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Roth IRA, usenokuba nako ukusebenzisa imithetho yokuguqulwa kweRoth IRA ukwenza oko kuthethwa ngamanye amaxesha njengegalelo lase-Backdoor Roth IRA.
- Ukuphononongwa kwinqanaba lokufumana ingeniso elihlawulwayo elicwangcisiweyo lokucwangcisa ukuba uhlala kumhlalaphantsi: Ukuba ulindele ukuhlala ekhoneni eliphezulu (okanye phezulu), irhafu ye-Roth IRA inokubhenca ngakumbi.
Ii-IRAs ezingezangeziDeductible
Nangona ungeke ukwazi ukukhipha imali yakho ye-IRA okanye ukubeka imali kwiRoth IRA, unokusindisa kunye ne-IRA engekho. NjengaRoth IRA, awufumani ukuncitshiswa kweminikelo yakho kwi-IRA engekho-deductible. Qaphela ukuba kukho ukungafani okubalulekileyo kwindlela ulwabiwo oluhlawulwa ngayo.
- Nangona igalelo lakho le-IRA elingenakudalulwa liza kunciphisa irhafu yakho kunyaka owenzayo, imali ezuzwa kuyo ihlawulwe irhafu, inzuzo enkulu yerhafu ye- IRA rhoqo .
- Xa uqala ukuthatha ukusasazwa kwi-IRA engekho-deductible, inxalenye yohanjiso iya kubakho ukubuyiswa kwentlawulo yakho yangaphambili, ingeniso-deductible, kunye nemali esele iya kubhatalwa njengemali engenayo.
- Ngokuqhelekileyo, uninzi lweminye imithetho esebenza kwii-IRAs zeNdabuko ezifana nokusabalaliswa okuncinci kunye nokuhlawulwa kwangaphambili kwesohlwayo kusetyenziswa kwii-IRA ezingenakudalulwa.
- Ukwahlula okwehlukileyo phakathi kwe-IRA engekho-deductible kunye ne-Traditional IRA ihambelana nokunyangwa kweerhafu yenkxaso yangempela.
- Ii-IRA ezingenakudalulwa ngokuqhelekileyo zenza ingqiqo enkulu kubantu abaye bathatha inxaxheba kwisicwangciso somhlala phantsi ngomqeshi wabo kwaye abavumelekanga ukuba bafake isandla kwi-IRA yesithethe okanye iholo yabo ingaphezulu kwe-Roth IRA. Ukukhanga kakhulu kukukwazi ukugcina ngaphezulu umhlala-phantsi kwi-akhawunti enikezela ukukhula kweerhafu.
IRA Imirhumo
Isixa-mali esingaba negalelo kwi-IRA yeNdabuko kunye / okanye i-Roth IRA isinganiselwe.
- Umrhumo ophezulu wonyaka we-2017 ungaphantsi kwe-$ 5,500 okanye i-100 ekhulwini yengeniso.
- Abathengi abaneminyaka yobudala engama-50 nangaphezulu banokunikela elinye i-$ 1,000 ngemali epheleleyo ye-$ 6,500.
Unokuba negalelo kuzo zombini iindidi zee-akhawunti ukuba awugqithisi umda wonyaka wenkxaso. Ngokomzekelo, unako ukubeka i-RRA i-RRA i-RRA iRRA IRA okanye i-$ 2,750 kwiRoth IRA, okanye ukwahlula umrhumo wakho nangayiphi na enye indlela, ngaphandle nje kokuba ungadluli umda wonyaka wama-5 500.
Imirhumo ye-IRA iyancitshiswa ngemali yakho efanelekileyo. Ngeenjongo zokumisela ukufaneleka kwakho ukwenza i-IRA, inzuzo efanelekileyo ifanele umvuzo , inzuzo yengqesho , i- alimony , kunye nokuhlawula okungahlawulwanga. Ngoko ke, ukuba unayo i-$ 4,500 kwimali engenayo eyimali loo mali iya kuba ngumda wenkxaso yakho. Lo mgaqo ubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kubazali abafuna ukwenza iminikelo ye-IRA egameni labantwana babo abanokufumana imali engenamyinge kwimisebenzi yesikhatheso.
Enye imingcele yokufumana ingenakukwazi ukufaka isandla kwiRoth IRA okanye uthathe ukuncitshiswa kweminikelo kwi-IRA yeNdabuko ukuba ufumana imali eninzi. Iwebhusayithi ye-IRS ibonisa imingeniso yokufumana umrhumo kwiRoth ne-Traditional IRAs.
Imihla yokuLawulwa kweeNkcazo zokuNika i-IRA
Imirhumo ye-IRA ingenziwa nanini na unyaka wonke. Awuphelelwanga ngunyaka wekhalenda, kodwa kufuneka yenziwe yimihla yerhafu ukuba ibalwe kumda wakho wempembelelo kunyaka ongaphambili. Nje ngeziphumo, unokwenza igalelo le-IRA le-2017 ngasekupheleni kuka-Apreli 17, 2018.
Kuphi ukuvula i-IRA
Emva kokuba unqume ukuba i-IRA ibonisa ingqiqo kwimeko yakho, kufuneka ufumane indawo yokuvula i-akhawunti. Oku kuthetha ukukhetha umthengisi we-Intanethi okanye omnye umniki-akhawunti. Ngokubanzi, unokuvula i-IRA kwiinkalo ezininzi zezemali ezinkulu, amabhanki, iinkampani zenkxaso-mali okanye iifenki zokuthengisa.
Ngokuqhelekileyo ufuna ukukhangela umniki-akhawunti we-IRA olandelayo:
- Akukho mali ye-akhawunti okanye imali ephantsi kakhulu.
- Unika ukhetho olubanzi lwee-intlawulo-ntlawulo kunye kunye neengxowa-mali zokuthengiselana ngehishini .
- Unika inkxaso yenkxaso yamakhasimende ephakamileyo kunye nokufikelela kwimithombo yezemfundo engabonakaliyo, ingakumbi ukuba untsha ukutyalo-mali.
- Unobuncinane be-akhawunti kunye neengxowa-mali eziphantsi.
Indlela yokuxhamla i-IRA yakho
Wonke umboneleli we-IRA unenkqubo yakhe yokuseta i-akhawunti. Abanye ababoneleli be-IRA bavumela ukukhululeka kokubhaliswa kwe-akhawunti ye-intanethi. Amanyathelo amancinci abandakanyekayo abandakanya ukuseka indlela yokwenza imali nge-akhawunti yakho (khangela, ukutshintshwa kwekhompyutha kwi-akhawunti yakho yasebhanki, i-rollover, njl.) Kunye nokubiza abaxhamli kwiakhawunti yakho.
Ndingayifumana njani Imali kwi-IRA?
IRAs zivumela utyalo-mali kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo. Eminye imizekelo yeemali-mali ezivumelekileyo zibandakanya oku kulandelayo: iisitokethi, iintlawulo, iimali eziphathekayo, iimali ezithengiswa ngemali-mali, iimali, kunye neentlobo ezithile zeempahla zokuthengisa. Uhlobo lotyalo-mali kunye nomxube olwabiwo lwabiwo-mali olulungileyo kuwe kuxhomekeke ekunyamezelweni kwakho kwengozi kunye nexesha lokugqibela. Unokukhetha inkxaso-mali "yonke inye" (umzekelo, umhla wesikhwama somhlala-phantsi) ojongene nokwabiwa kwee-asethi kuwe okanye ukwenza ngokwezifiso iphothifoliyo yakho ukuba ungumtyalo-mali.
Iingxelo zeMhlala-phantsi zabanye abanikazi beShishini abancinci kunye nabaSebenzisiweyo
Nangona umsebenzi wokuzimela unamathuba amaninzi, kunokuba ngumngeni ukugcina ngokwaneleyo umhlalaphantsi. Ukuba usebenza njengonkontileka ozimeleyo, unayo nayiphi ingeniso yokufumana umsebenzi, okanye usebenze ishishini elincinci ukuba unakho ukufumana ezinye iindidi zeeNgxelo zomhlala phantsi ngamnye. I-Pension Employee Pension, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-SEP-IRA, kunye ne-SIMPLE IRA yizinye iindidi ze-IRA ukuba ziqwalasele ukuba ungumphathi wakho (nokuba yinto kuphela yegig yexesha).
I Pension Penyee Pension (SEP-IRA): I-SEP IRA isicwangciso somhlala-phantsi umqeshi okanye umntu oqeshwe ngabanye onokumisela. Umqeshi ufumana ukuncitshiswa kwentlawulo ngeminikelo eyenziwe kwisicwangciso se-SEP kwaye yenza igalelo kumqeshwa ngamnye we-SEP IRA ngokufanelekileyo. Inzuzo ephambili ye-SEP-IRA ngumlinganiselo wonyaka ophezulu wenkxaso, oya kuma-54,000 wamawaka ngo-2017 uphezulu kunamaqoqo ayi-5,500 ayi-R500 I-Roth IRA.
Isicwangciso soNyaka-mali sokuThuthukiswa kwabasebenzi (i-SIMPLE IRA): I-SIMPLE IRA isicwangciso somhlala-phantsi esixhaswe ngumqeshi esinikezwa kumashishini amancinci anabasebenzi abangama-100 okanye ngaphantsi. Amashishini amancinci angakhuthaza i-SIMPLE IRAs kuba zizinto ezibizayo kwaye zincinci kakhulu kwi- 401 (k) icebo . Ezi zicwangciso zineemigaqo ecacileyo kumqeshi ohambelana nokukhuthazwa okwakhiwe kwisicwangciso. Ngo-2017, abasebenzi banokubamba i-$ 12,500 kwi-SIMPLE IRA. Umyinge wokubambisa u- 2017 yi-$ 3,000 eyenza umyinge we-SIMPLE IRA eyi-15,500 yabafundi abaneminyaka engama-50 okanye ngaphezulu.