Le ntsapho yee-steels yazalwa ngaphandle kwesidingo sokugcina i-nickel
Uchungechunge lwama-200 yiklasi ye-austenitic (i-resistant corrosion-resistant) engenazintambo ezingenasiphelo ezibonakaliswa ngokuba nomxholo we-nickel ophantsi. Ezi ziyakuthiwa njenge-chrome-manganese (CrMn) insimbi engenasici .
Izitishi ze-Austenitic, ezibandakanya zombini ii-200 kunye no-300 iintambo ezingenasinxibe, zichazwe ngumbuso weekhabhi. Okokuthi, isakhiwo se-crystal sinomnye i-athomu nganye kwikona nganye yecube kunye enye phakathi kobuso bomntu ngamnye.
Oku kuchasene nama-ferritic steels, ezibonakaliswa ngumbuso weekhabhi ezigxilwe emzimbeni.
Ukuveliswa kwee-200 Series Stainless Steels
I-Nickel yinto eqhelekileyo esetyenziswayo ukuvelisa isakhiwo se-crystal, kodwa ukunyanzelwa kwe-Nickel ye-World War II kubakho ekufakeni indawo ye-nitrojeni ye-nickel ekuveliseni ezinye izitishi ezinokungaxhatshazwa kwe-austenitic. Iingqungquthela ezingama-200 zeenqwelo ezingenasici zizalwe.
Ngoxa i-nitrojeni edibeneyo kwintsimbi iya kubumba isakhiwo seekhabhi, esiphumela kwi-nitrides ye-chromium kunye nokwandisa i-porosity yegesi. Ukongezwa kwe-manganese kuvumela i-nitrogen eninzi ukuba yongezwe ngokukhuselekileyo, kodwa i-nickel ayikwazi ukususwa ngokupheleleyo kwi-alloy. Iingqungquthela ezingama-200 ezingenanto ezingenasiphelo, ngenxa yoko, zibonakaliswe yi-nitrogen kunye nomxholo we-manganese.
Ukuveliswa kunye nemfuno yee-nickel ezingenazintambo ezingenasiphelo ezithe zanyuka kuma-1980 njengoko ixabiso le-nickel linyuka kwaye, kwakhona, kwenziwa iinzame zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwesinyithi.
Oku kukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwenyuka enkulu yemveliso eNdiya. I-Asia ngoku ingumthombo omkhulu, kunye nomthengi walo, usapho lwabaphathi.
Iimpawu zee-200 zeenqwelomoya ezingenanto
Ngoxa i-corrosion resistant, iichungechunge ezingama-200 zinamandla angaphantsi kwama-300 okukhusela ukukhusela ukubola, okwenzeka kwiimeko ezinokubumbisa okuphezulu kunye ne-klorine, kunye ne-corrosion yamagalelo, okukhokelela kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo kunye ne-acid ephezulu.
Oku kungenxa yokuba, ukwenzela ukunciphisa umxholo we-nickel, umxholo we-chromium kufuneka uncitshiswe, ngaloo ndlela unciphise ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion.
Iingqungquthela ezingama-200 ezingenasinxibe zineempembelelo ezintle zempembelelo kunye nobuthathaka, kwimeko ephantsi (nakwi-cryogenic). Ngokuqhelekileyo zinzima kwaye zinamandla kunama-steels angama-300, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yomxholo wabo we-nitrogen ophezulu, osebenza njengomeleza. Ngenxa yokuba i-austenitic, i-200 kunye no-300 uluhlu lwesineli ezingenasici alukho magnetic.
Nangona ama-austenitic steels ayabiza ngaphezu kohlobo lwawo lwe-ferritic, uchungechunge lwama-200 aluhlambulukanga ukuvelisa ama-steels angama-300 ngenxa ye-nickel yabo ephantsi.
Iingqungquthela ezingama-200, nangona kunjalo, zijongene nokubunjwa okuphantsi (i- ductility ) kunezi-300 zamabakala amacandelo, nangona oku kuphuculiswa kunye nokongezwa kobhedu .
Izicelo ze-200 Series Stainless Steels
Ngenxa yoxhatshazo oluphantsi lwe-corrosion, udidi lwezicelo zee-200 zechungechunge ii-steels ezingenasici zincinci kunama-steels angama-300. Akukhuthazwa ukuba kusetshenziswe kwimihlaba yamachiza kodwa ifumene indlela yayo kwizinto ezininzi zasekhaya.
Ezinye izicelo ze-200 zechungechunge lwensimbi engenasici ziquka:
- Iifishi zokuhlambela iimpahla kunye noomatshini bokuhlamba
- Ukusika kunye nokupheka
- Amathangi amanzi ngaphakathi
- Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zangaphandle ezingabonakaliyo
- Izixhobo zokutya neziselo
- Imoto (izakhiwo)
- Iimoto (zokuhlobisa)
| Bakala | Ukwakhiwa kweMikhali | |||||
| AISI | UNS | Cr | Ni | Mn | N | Cu |
| 304 | S30400 | 18.0-20.0 | 8.0-10.5 | 2.0 max. | 0.10 max. | - |
| 201 | S20100 | 16.0- 18.0 | 3.5-5.5 | 5.5-7.5 | 0.25 max. | - |
| 202 | S20200 | 17.0- 19.0 | 4.0-6.0 | 7.5-10.0 | 0.25 max. | - |
| 204 Cu | S20430 | 15.5-17.5 | 1.5-3.5 | 6.5-9.0 | 0.05-0.25 | 2.0-4.0 |
| 205 | S20500 | 16.5-18.0 | 1.0-1.75 | 14.0-15.5 | 0.32-0.40 | - |