Kude, umthengi omkhulu we- dysprosium yimbane yamagnet osigxina . Amagxolo anjalo alawula i-market for a high-efficiency traction motors ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiimoto ezixubekileyo kunye nezombane, ii-generator turbine kunye ne-disk drive.
I-Dysprosium ine-3 ukuya kwi-6 ekhulwini ye-neodymium- ironon (borF (BFBB) i-magnet (i-NdFeB) (ngesisindo) esetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukushisa okuphezulu, izicelo. Ukuzinza phezu kweelitha lokushisa nokunciphisa ubunzima bamagnet ngamaphesenti angama-90, amashishini afanelekileyo kuzo zonke iinqwelo ze-hybrid nezombane.
Ukufunwa kwi-akhawunti yecandelo le-magnet ye-magnet eqikelelwa kuma-90 ekhulwini kuwo onke ama-dysprosium adliwa minyaka yonke.
Iimakethe zogxininiso ngonaphakade zikhula kwinqanaba elilinganiselwa kuma-13 ekhulwini phakathi kuka-2003 no-2008 kwaye liqikelelwa ukuba liqhubeke lisanda phakathi kwe-8 ukuya kwe-10 ekhulwini ngonyaka ngonyaka we-2019.
Ngokutsho kweMagneticsmagazine.com, ukuthengiswa kwehlabathi kwamagnethe okusisigxina kuqikelelwa ukuba kukhula ukusuka kwi-US $ 15 billion ngonyaka we-2012 ukuya kwi-US $ 28 yezigidigidi ngo-2019.
Naphezu kwemizamo yokunciphisa inani le-dysprosium elisetyenzisweni zamagesi anesigxina, liyingxenye ebalulekileyo yeetoni ezingama-80 zeetridi ze-NdFeB eziveliswa emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka.
Kwaye, ngelixa i-market eyimimandla ye-dysprosium ene-NdFeB iimodem enye yamandla embane, ezi zi-magnet nazo ziyafumaneka nakwamanye ama-motors aphezulu okushisa kunye nezivelisi, izixhobo zentengiso kunye nezoshishino, kuquka i-turbine zomoya, iibhasiki zombane kunye nokugcina amandla okugcina amandla, i-maglev train iinkqubo, iigraji, idlulisela kunye nokutshintshwa, izixhobo zokuhlukanisa magnetic, iinzwa, i-MRIs kunye neenjini ezifrijini eziqhelekileyo phakathi kwezicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Ngokutsho kophando olwenziweyo kwizixhobo ezifunekayo kwiinkqubo zobuchwepheshe obunamandla yiKhomishini yaseYurophu, imfuno ye-dysprosium iya kuphinda iphindwe kabini ngo-2020, ngokulinganisela ukukhula kwonyaka we-9 ekhulwini. Ekugqibeleni, iqela liqikelele ukuba oku kuya kubakho kwi-23 yeepesenti yokunikezelwa kwempahla ekupheleni kweminyaka elishumi.
Ukulandela ukunqongophala kokunqongophala kwehlabathi okwabangela amaxabiso kulezi zinyuka phezulu ngo-2010 no-2011, imibutho emininzi, kubandakanywa neSebe laseMelika laseMelika (i-DOE), liqikelele ukusweleka kwe-dysprosium. Esinye isiphumo salokhu kuye kwaba yimigudu yokuyila kwakhona amashishini aphezulu asebushushu kunye neenkqubo ezixhomekeke kwiimakethe zokunciphisa inani le-dysprosium efunekayo.
Ngo-2012, i-Toshiba yamemezela ukuphuhliswa kwama-magnesium aphezulu e-dysprosium.
Ezinye izicelo ze-dysprosium zibandakanya kwi-cermet alloy iTerfenol-D (yiloo "D" imele). I-Terfenol-D, equle i-iron kunye ne-terbium, isetyenzisiwe kumatshini, i-resonators kunye ne-injection-fuel fuel injection.
I-Dysprodium-oxide- nickel cermets ziye zabonakaliswa ukuba zine-high-section ne-neutron.
Kutheni oku kubalulekile? Ewe, ama-reactor enyukliya ayafuna iimpahla ezinjalo kunye nokwenza izixhobo zokulawula ukuthoba i-neutron kwaye, ngoko, ukupholisa inkqubo yesikhokelo senyukliya. Kubaluleke kakhulu, i-cermet ayiyi kuvimba okanye ivumelane phantsi kwe-bombardment ye-neutron, nangona itshintsha utshintsho kwintsimi yamandla.
Njengomthombo we-radium, i-dysprosium-cadmium chalcogenides, isetyenziselwa ukufundisisa iimpendulo ezahlukeneyo zamakhemikhali.
I-Dysprosium oxide, okwangoku, isetyenziswe njenge-dopant kwi-capacitors ekhethekileyo kwi-electronics industry.
Ubuchule bomhlaba obunqabileyo bokuba magneti buyenzela ukuba lube luncedo kumalungu kwiidiski ezinzima kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha.
Iimpawu ze-Halide zokutshabalalisa kunye nezixhobo zelayisensi ezidibanisa i-dysprosium kunye ne-vanadium ezisebenzisa i-dysprosium iodide (DyI3) zivelisa ukukhanya okukhulu.
I-calcium sulphate kunye ne-calcium fluoride ezifakwe kwi-dysprosium zingasetyenziswa kwi-dosimeters, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokulinganisa i-radiation ionizing. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-dysprosium iya kukhanya xa izinto ezibonakalayo zibonakaliswe kumbane. Umgangatho we-luminescence ubonisa izinga elijikelezayo leemitha.
Ekugqibeleni, i-nanofibers yezinto ezithile ze-dysprosium zibonise ukuba zinommandla omkhulu kwaye zibe namandla kakhulu.
Ezi zakhiwo zingenza zibe zizixhobo ezixhasayo okanye amandla amaninzi, izicelo ezixhatshazelisayo.
Imithombo
Arnold Magnetic Technologies. Indima ebalulekileyo yeDysprosium kumaMagnet anaphakade . NgoJanuwari 17, 2012.
Kingsnorth, Professor uDudley. "Ngaba i-China's Rare Earths Dynasty ikwazi ukuphumelela." INgqungquthela yeCandelo leMigodi kunye neMakethi yeMveliso. Ukunikezelwa: Septemba 24, 2013.