Yayiyiphi iplani yepension yokuqala?
Isakhiwo, nangona kunjalo, sasingumtsha. Amajoni awakhonza eRoma yakudala aqinisekisiwe nangeniso emva kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi. (Enyanisweni, enye ingcali yezoqoqosho ikholelwa ukuba umkhosi okhulayo wawukhokelela kwiipenshini ezingenamali, okwabangelwa ukuwa kweRoma.) Kukho ubungqina bokuba amapenshini anikezelwa kubasebenzi bezentlalo karhulumente kwimbali.
Izicwangciso zePension Pensions Plans
Umhlala-phantsi wokuqala wenkampani e-US yasungulwa yiNkampani ye-American Express ngo-1875. Ngaphambi koko, inkampani ezininzi zinamashishini amancinci okanye asekhaya. Isicwangciso esisetyenziswe kubasebenzi ababenenkampani kwiminyaka engama-20 yenkonzo, befikelele kwiminyaka engama-60 kwaye babenconywa ngomhlalaphantsi ngumphathi kwaye bavunywe yikomiti kunye nebhodi yabalawuli. Abasebenzi abenzileyo bafumana isigqibo semvuzo wabo wonyaka ngomhlalaphantsi , ukuya kuma-500 aphezulu, ngokwe-Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Iinkampani zebhanki kunye neenqanawa zazingabokuqala ukunikezela ngempesheni kubasebenzi babo.
Kodwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, iinkampani ezininzi ezininzi zaqala ukukhula kwaye zanikeza iipenshini. Ezi ziquka i-Standard Oil, i-US Steel, i-AT & T, i-Eastman Kodak, i-Goodyear kunye ne-General Electric, yonke into eyamkele izicwangciso zempesheni ngaphambi kowe-1930. Iinkampani zokukhiqiza zazingokugqibela ukufumana izicwangciso ezintsha zomhlalaphantsi.
UMthetho weNgeniso yangaphakathi we-1921 wanceda ekukhuliseni ukukhula, ngokukhupha umrhumo owenziwe kwimpesheni yomqeshwa evela kwerhafu yengeniso yenkampani.
Imanyano yabasebenzi kwiminyaka ye-1940 yaba nomdla kwizicwangciso zempesheni kwaye yanyusa ukunyusa iinzuzo ezinikezelwayo. Ngama-1950, malunga nama-Amamiliyoni angama-Amerika-okanye malunga nama-25 ekhulwini labasebenzi bamacandelo abucala-babenomhlala-phantsi. Kwiminyaka elishumi kamva ngo-1960, malunga nesiqingatha sabasebenzi bamashishini abucala babenomnye.
Emva kweempesheni ezimbalwa zaqala ukungaphumeleli, umthetho we- Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) ngo-1974 wenza izicwangciso zempesheni ngokukhuselekileyo ngokubeka inxaxheba komthetho, ukuphendula ingxelo kunye neemfuno zokubhengezwa. Ukungakhankanyi izikhokelo zokunikezela, ukunciphisa ishedyuli yokuthengisela ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-10 okanye ngaphantsi. I-ERISA yafika kwiNkampani yeGrant Benefit Guaranty , eqinisekisa ukuba izibonelelo zabasebenzi kufuneka isicwangciso somhlala-phantsi singaphumeleli.
Ipensheni = Isicwangciso soNcedo esichaziweyo
Olu hlobo lomhlala-phantsi oluqinisekisiwe lwaziwa ngokuba yicebo elichaziweyo. Abasebenzi babesazi kakuhle ukuba babeza kuthatha umhlalaphantsi kuba bekuyixabiso le dollar okanye ipesenteji yomvuzo. Le nto yinto engaphambi kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi ingaceba ubomi. Kwaye nabasebenzi abafuna ukugcina imali eyongezelelweyo yabo bangenza njalo, kodwa iingxelo zecandelo lotyalo-mali lwabiwo mali zongezelelekileyo kwiingeniso zempesheni kunye neNtlalo yeNtlalo .
Izicwangciso zeenzuzo ezichaziweyo zihluke kakhulu kwizinto eziza emva: izicwangciso zegalelo ezichaziweyo. Izicwangciso zegalelo ezichaziweyo, ezibandakanya 401 (k) izicwangciso, 403 (b) izicwangciso, izicwangciso ezingama-457, kunye neziCwangciso zoLondolozo eziNzileyo, umqeshwa wenza ubuninzi begalelo kwicebo kwaye uqondisa utyalo-mali ngaphakathi. Ezi zicwangciso zangena emfanekisweni kwiminyaka yee-1980, isipho esikhokhelwa irhafu kwabasebenzi abahlawulelwe kakhulu abafuna ukukhusela ngaphezulu kokuhlawula kwabo kwiirhafu. Kodwa njengoko befumene udumo, ama-401 (k) kunye nezinye iindlela ezikhethiweyo zenkxaso ngokukhawuleza zigqithise ipenshoni echazwe phantsi njengenjongo yokukhetha kwiinkampani ezinkulu zamashishini abucala.