Funda i-Characteristics yeProgram yoBuhlala phantsi
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeprogram yomhlala-phantsi oxhaswe ngemali: izicwangciso ezixhasayo kunye nezicwangciso zenkxaso ezichaziweyo.
Isicwangciso esixhasayo-mali ngumqeshi oxhaswe ngumqeshi apho iingeniso zomqeshwa zibalwa ngokusetyenziswa kwefom ejongene nemiba efana nobude bomsebenzi kunye nembali yomvuzo. Ukuba unelungelo lokufumana ipenshoni emsebenzini, unobuninzi obuninzi ngabasebenzi abangenakho ukufikelela kulolu hlobo lwesicwangciso. Kusemqoka ukuthatha ixesha ukuqonda iindlela zakho zokufumana imali ngexesha lomhlalaphantsi.
Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana ipenshoni ngokusebenzisa umqeshi wakho, umqeshi wakho unakho ukunika uhlobo oluthile lwesicwangciso sogalelo esichaziweyo. 401 (k), 403 (b), izicwangciso ze-457, kunye neziCwangciso zokuSindisa eziNzileyo ziyimimiselo eyaziwayo kakhulu yezicwangciso zenkxaso echaziweyo. Ngezicwangciso zenkxaso echaziweyo umqeshwa wenza ubuninzi begalelo kwicebo kwaye uqondisa utyalo-mali.
Yintoni eyahlula iiplani ezingcono kakhulu zenkxaso yomhlalaphantsi evela kwipropati?
Nazi ezinye izinto omele uziqwalasele ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo kwinkqubo exhaswe ngumqeshi:
Ukufaneleka: Enye inkampani ixhasa izicwangciso zokuthatha umhlala-phantsi ziyafumaneka ngomhla we-1. Abanye bafuna ubude benkxaso ethile phambi kokuba abasebenzi bakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba. Ukufutshane kwexesha lokulinda isicwangciso sakho sokuthatha umhlalaphantsi emsebenzini, kungekudala uzakukwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwisicwangciso somhlalaphantsi.
Imida yokuxhamla: I-IRS imisela imida malunga nokuba unako ukuthatha inxaxheba kwizicwangciso zenkxaso echaziweyo.
Iinkampani zinokubeka imida yazo engaphantsi komda we-IRS. Ngokomzekelo, abanye abaqeshi banciphisa igalelo lakho elipheleleyo kwipesenti yomvuzo wakho ngelixa abanye bekhawuleza iminikelo yokubamba. Kubalulekile ukuqikelela ukuba unako ukufaka isandla kwicebo elixhasiweyo lenkampani.
Ukuxhakanyiswa kokubambisana: Izicwangciso ezininzi zokuthatha umhlala-phantsi ziza kunika izikhuthazo ezikhethekileyo zokukhuthaza ukuthatha inxaxheba kwaye unike iakhawunti yakho ikhutshwe ngokukhawuleza. Iminikelo ehambelanayo nomqeshi ayimfuneko, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo enye yezinto eziphezulu abaqeshwa bajwayele ukugxininisa xa kuhlolwa izicwangciso zomhlalaphantsi. Ukubambisana okukhuthazayo kuyahluka ngamapesenti. Imizekelo edumeleyo ibandakanya umdlalo we-50 ekhulwini kwipesenti zokuqala ezi-6 zinegalelo kwicebo. Oku kuya kufuna igalelo le-6 ekhulwini lomvuzo ukufumana umdlalo weklasi we-3 ekhulwini. Abanye abaqeshi banomlinganiso wepesenti eziyi-100 kwipesenti zokuqala ezi-6 (okanye ngaphezulu). Ukuqonda inkampani yakho kuya kunceda uqinisekise ukuba awushiyi nayiphi na imali yamahhala kwitheyibhile. Kukunceda ukuvavanya iipakethi zokufumana izibonelelo xa unika ubungakanani kunye neengxaki zokujoyina inkampani.
Ukukhangela: Ukukhangela ibinzana elisetyenziselwa ukucacisa ukuba isicwangciso sakho somhlala-phantsi sinokuthatha ntoni xa ushiya inkampani yakho.
Uhlala uzinikele kwiminikelo yakho. Ukuba "ukhawuleza" kuthethwa ukuba unokufikelela kwi-100% kwiminikelo ehambelana nomqeshi. Ezinye iishedyuli zokudibanisa zifuna ukuba unamathele ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuthatha igalelo lakho elihambelana nawe xa ushiya umsebenzi wakho.
Iindleko zoTyalo-mali kunye neeMali: Le ngenye yezinto eziphambili zokubakhombisa ukusetyenziswa kwexesha-mali. Kodwa kukho uluhlu olubanzi lweendleko ezinxulumene nezicwangciso zomhlala-phantsi kunye neendleko eziphezulu kunye neentlawulo eziya kutshabalalisa imali yakho yokubuyiswa kwexesha. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqonda uhlobo lwemirhumo kunye neendleko ngaphakathi kwiplani yakho nendlela ekuthelekiswa ngayo nabanye. I-Nerdwallet ne-FeeX inikezela ithuluzi lokuhlalutya imali lokunceda ukuhlola iifizi ezifihliweyo kunye neendleko.
Ukulula nokuQhelela: Izicwangciso zomhlala-phantsi ezixhaswe ngumqeshi ezixhaswe ngokufanelekileyo zenzelwe ukuzenzekelayo ukuziphatha kwezemali.
Awunayo isigqibo sokuba ungagcina umhlalaphantsi okanye ubusuku ngaphandle kwedolophu xa ufumana ukuhlawula. Oku kuvumela indlela elula kunye elula yokugcina umhlalaphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, enye inkampani ixhasa izicwangciso ezilula ukufikelela kunezinye ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye neefowuni ze-intanethi.
I-asethi "Indawo": Umbono wendawo ye-asethi ibhekisela kwimpawu zentlobo yeentlawulo ngaphakathi kwiplani exhaswe ngenkampani. Izicwangciso zomhlala-phantsi zemveli zivumela ukuba kubekho ukuhlawula kwentlawulo yangaphambili ngaphambi kokuhlawulwa kweerhafu kodwa kuxhomekeke kwiirhafu zerhafu xa ukuhoxiswa kuthathwa ngexesha lomhlalaphantsi. Izinketho zeRoth ziya ziba zithandwa kwaye zikunika ithuba lokunikela inkunzi yerhafu emva kokuba inokukhula inkokhelo. Ngokungafani ne-Roth IRAs, iRoth 401 (k) ayikho phantsi kwayo nayiphi na umyinge wemali. Iimpawu zeRoth zibonelela ngolwazi oluthe xaxa kwaye lukhangeleka ukuba ulindele ukuba ungene kwi-bracket yerhafu ephezulu okanye uphezulu xa uceba ukusebenzisa iqanda lakho lokuhlala umhlalaphantsi.
Izinketho zoTyalo-mali: Iimali zengxowa-mali ziyizona zithuthi ezithandwa kakhulu kwiinkampani zomhlala-phantsi ezixhasiweyo. Ezinye iindlela zokutsalwa kotyalo ziquka iifayili ezifana nezisitokisini ngasinye, iimali zenkcazo , kunye netyala lokuthengisa imali . Enye inkampani ixhasa izicwangciso zinikezela ngezinye iindlela zokurhweba ezivumela ukuba abatyala-mali baka-DIY kunye nabo basebenzisana nabacebisi ngezezimali ukuba bakhethe kwiindawo ezininzi zokutshala imali. Isicwangciso esihle sokuthatha umhlala-phantsi sinika iinketho ezahlukeneyo zotyalo -mali kunye nezityalo-mali . Ukufumaneka kweengxowa-mali ze-asethi kunye / okanye i-target retirement-funds ihlinzeka ngeendlela zokugcina umhlala-phantsi kunye nezindlela zokuthenga ezithengiswayo ukuze kufumaneke ukufikeleleka kwipotifoliyo eyahlukeneyo ngaphandle kokuba ibe ngumbutho-mali okanye ubeke i-akhawunti yomhlala-phantsi rhoqo.
Isikhokelo Sokwabiwa kweeAset kunye neNgcebiso: Ulwabiwo lweefa isicwangciso sotyalo-mali esilungiselelwe ukunceda abatyali-mali bexesha elide basasaza imali yabo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokutshala imali. Injongo ephambili kukuba ukwandisa iindleko zezinga elijongene nalo mngcipheko. Iinjongo eziphambili ezenza isicwangciso-sabelo sokunikezelwa kwe-asethi sichaza ixesha lokutsalwa kwexesha lokutshala kunye nokunyamezela kwengxaki ehambelana nokuguquka okanye ukungahambisani nokubuyiselwa kwembuyekezo kwi-investment. Inkampani eninzi exhaswe ngeenkxaso zongeze izixhobo ezibonelela ngesibonelelo sokwabiwa kweefayili kunye neengcebiso zotyalo-mali xa abanye befundisa ngemali engenamsebenzi. Ezinye zala mntu-mntu kunye nezixhobo ze-intanethi zifumaneka ngaphandle kweendleko ezongezelelweyo ngelixa abanye benemali yokulawula i-asethi. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokwabiwa kwee-asethi kunokukunceda ukuba wenze iipotifoliyo zokutshala imali ezahlukeneyo.
Ukufikeleleka ngeSicwangciso soMhlala-phantsi seMali kunye ne-Plan-Rollovers: Abaninzi abacebisi bezezimali bancoma ukusebenzisa izicwangciso zokuthatha umhlala-phantsi njengento yokugqibela. Nangona iimali-mboleko zinika ukufikelela kwiimpahla zakho, ziyakwenza ukuba ulahlekelwe yimbuyekezo engaphezulu. Kodwa kulabo bafuna indlela ephantsi yokunciphisa iitalti ezi mboleko zingaba lukhetho olufanele ukucingisisa. Ezinye izicwangciso zokuthatha umhlala-phantsi zivumela ukuba ukhethe ukukhishwa kweenkonzo ngexesha lofikelele kwiminyaka yobudala engama-59 ½. Oku kwandisa ukuguquguquka kwemali kukuvumela abatyali-zimali abazimeleyo ithuba lokuba i-rollover yeprotirement planning assets kwi-IRA ngelixa behlala emsebenzini.
Izinto ezizenzekelayo zentengiso: Izicwangciso ezixhasiweyo zenkampani zinokwenza okungaphezulu kokukwenza inkqubo yokugcina umhlalaphantsi lula kwaye kulula. Izinto ezizenzekelayo zokuxubusha ziyakunceda unamathele kwiindlela zakho zokwabiwa kwee-asethi ngexesha leemali zentengiso. Iimpawu zokunciphisa ixabiso lomrhumo zivumela ukuba unyuse ngokuthe ngcembe iminikelo yakho phezu kwexesha. Ezi mpawu zifunyenwe kwiiplani ezininzi zinceda ngokuzenzekelayo ukwenziwa kwezigqibo zomhlalaphansi.
Izicwangciso zomhlala-phantsi ezixhaswe ngumqeshi zizuzisa zombini inkampani eyenza isicwangciso kunye nomqeshwa ethatha inxaxheba kuyo. Izicwangciso ezilungileyo zibonelela ngomgca ocebileyo oquka izinto ezininzi ezigqitywe ngasentla.
Uya kuphi na ukuthelekisa icebo lakho lomhlalaphantsi kwabanye?
Indawo efanelekileyo yokuqala ukuphonononga isicwangciso somhlala-phantsi esele ikhona kukuqhagamshelana nomqeshi kwaye uhlole iphepha lakho lomhlalaphantsi. Ababoneleli benkqubo yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi baye bafumana ngcono kwiminyaka yamuva nje xa kuziwa ukuphula izinto phantsi kulula ukusebenzisa amagama. Sekunjalo oku kunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima xa uziva unxungule kwigumbi lobuchwepheshe kunye nezomthetho. I-Brightscope inikezela ngenkonzo ukuhlalutya iindidi zezicwangciso zomhlala-phantsi ezixhaswe ngumqeshi kwaye unokuqhathanisa icebo kwiinkampani ezifanayo.