Ngaba Ufanele Ugcine Eyona Ngakumbi Ukuhlala Umhlalaphantsi okanye Ukuhlawulwa Kwetyala Lemali?
Ukulinganisa iitaliti zemboleko zetyala lomfundi kungaba ngumngeni omkhulu ngelixa uzama ukulawula ezinye izinto eziphambili zezemali.
Ukugxininisa kwiinjongo zexesha elide ezifana nokuthatha umhlalaphantsi kunokubonakala ngathi kukuphambili. Kodwa ukuba ulinde ixesha elide ukuba uqalise ukusindisa ngenxa yomhlala-phantsi uya kuhlangabezana nemingeni emikhulu yobomi bakho bezezimali obangelwa iintlawulo zemboleko zemali.
Nazi izicwangciso ezimbalwa zokucwangcisa iimali kwiprogram ephambili ephambili ekufuneka igqitywe ngaphambi kokuba ihlasele loo mboleko yemali ngeentlawulo ezongezelelweyo.
1. Yenza uluhlu lweeNjongo zakho ezibalulekileyo zezeMali
Akungabazeki ukuba ityala lesikhwama somfundi lidala umthwalo omkhulu kwiibhajethi ezininzi zendlu. Ezi ntlawulo zemboleko akufanele zikunqande ukuba uphumelele ekujoliseni izinto ezibalulekileyo zobomi. Nangona uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali okanye isicwangciso sakho sokuchitha imali singabonakala siqinile njengoko wenza ezi ntlawulo eziyimfuneko, kubalulekile ukuba ube nesicwangciso senkqubo esabhaliweyo sezimali. Ukuba nesicwangciso esibhaliweyo sinokukunceda ukunika izikhokelo xa uzama ukubeka phambili indlela yokuchitha ixesha kunye nemali.
Ukuthatha ixesha lokubeka iinjongo zakho ngokubhaliweyo nokuchonga amanyathelo afunekayo ukwenzela ukuba ezo njongo zibe yinyaniso inokunyusa amathuba okugqibela ekufezekiseni ezo njongo. I-poll eyenziwe yiGallup yabona ukuba abangaphantsi kwama-40 ekhulwini lwabatyalomali ngokwenene babe nesicwangciso esibhaliweyo.
Ukuba nesicwangciso sezimali esibhaliweyo sinceda kungakhathaliseki ukuba imeko yakho yezemali ibe yintoni ngexesha.
Isicwangciso sakho akumele sibe nzima kakhulu kwaye indlela elula isebenza ngokubanzi. Umzekelo, iSicwangciso seMali-seSondlo esisodwa: Isicwangciso esilula sokuba yi-Smart About Money yakho nguCarl Richards sigxininisa indlela ongenza ngayo izinto ezingavamile kwimpilo yakho yezezimali ngesicwangciso esisisiseko. Ngelishwa, abantu abaninzi babona i-$ 1.3 trillion kwisixa-mali sokubolekwa kwemali esikhankanywe kwili lizwe njengentaba engenakwenzeka ukunyuka.
Kwinqanaba lomntu, unokucinga ukuba ityala lakho lomboleko lomfundi lithetha ukuba awusoze wakwazi ukuthenga ikhaya okanye ukufumana ukuzimela kwemali. Esikhundleni sokugxila kuphela kwimali-mboleko yomfundi, yenza isicwangciso sezimali esisodwa sekhasi eliza kukunceda ukuba ufumane indlela engcono yokufumana iintlawulo zemboleko zabantwana kwezinye iinkalo zobomi bakho bezezimali.
2. Yenza iPlani yoThengiselo lwaBantu
Kubalulekile ukulandelela iindleko zakho. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhamba ngaphaya kokulandelela oko kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambili kwaye wenze isicwangciso senkcitho esichazela imali yakho apho uya khona ngaphambili. Nangona kubalulekile ukuba nebhajethi, kuphela omnye kwabantwini baseMerika ngokwenene balandela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kwaye bajonga ingeniso kunye neendleko rhoqo. Iintlawulo zemali-mboleko zabafundi zihlala zi-10 ukuya kwi-15 ekhulwini zemali engenayo.
Inani lakho lenkokhelo liyakuxhomekeka kwisicwangciso sokubuyisela osikhethile.
Inkqubo yokukhetha isicwangciso sokubuyisela okulungileyo ihamba ngaphezu kokugxininisa kwiintlawulo zakho eziphantsi. Kufuneka uqikelele nokuba kuya kuthatha ixesha elide ukuphelisa ityala lakho lokubolekisa imali kunye nendlela inzala epheleleyo ngayo intlawulo ebomini yakho mboleko. Ukuba nesicwangciso senkcitho uza kusebenza loo ntlawulo yeebhanti kwibhajethi yakho kwaye ikukuncede ukuba ubone iindlela zokugcina ngaphezulu umhlalaphantsi kwaye uhlawule ngokuthe ngqo kumatyala.
Unokufunda okunye malunga nendlela yokukhetha isicwangciso sokuhlawula ngokufanelekileyo kwimali-mboleko yomfundi eFredentaid.ed.gov.
3. Gcina i-Starter Emergency Fund
Ingxowa-mali yokukhusela i-starter isukela kwi-$ 1000 ukuya kwi-2000 ye-akhawunti kwi-akhawunti ehlukileyo kwi-check you regularly. Le ngxowa-mfuneko kuyimfuneko ukuphepha iitaliti zamatyala exabiso elibi okanye iimali-mboleko zomntu ukuba kukho nayiphi na iindleko zezilwanyana ezingalindelekanga, ezenziwayo okanye zekhaya.
4. Khuphela uMxhatsha kwiSicwangciso soMhlalaphantsi
Iinkampani ezininzi zinikeza uhlobo oluthile lwegalelo elifanayo kwi- 401 (k) kunye no- 403 (b) izicwangciso zomhlalaphantsi. Ukuba usebenzela enye yeenkampani azifani neepesenti ezingama-25 zabasebenzi abashiya imali yamahhala kwitheyibhile. Zisebenzise le mivuzo ehambelanayo ngokungenani ibe negalelo kwixabiso elifanayo. Kodwa ukuba unenye ityala leengxaki (iikhadi lamatyala, imali ebolekileyo yemali mboleko, njl.) Ungadinga ukulinda uze udibanise oko ngaphambi kokuba unyuse umrhumo wakho womhlalaphantsi.
5. Ukuhlawula i-Matrity-Interest Interest
Xa kuziwa ekuhlawuleleni imali mboleko kunye nezinye iimbopheleleko zetyala kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezinye iintlobo zetyala zinzima kakhulu kunabanye. Ukubolekwa kwemali-mboleko engaphantsi-mali okanye ityala lokuboleka imali ngokuqhelekileyo liyamkeleka kwaye i-priority priority ekubeni inzala ingathatyathwa irhafu. Ezi ntlawulo kufuneka ziwele phantsi kweepesenti ezingama-25 zengeniso yakho yenyanga. Kwezinye iintlobo zeengxaki zetyala (oko kukuthi, amakhadi-ngetyala) kunye neerhafu zemali engaphezulu kwama-6 ekhulwini, indlela efanelekileyo yokubaluleka kwayo kukuba kukuphelisa inzala ephezulu.
6. Beka i-Outside Emergency Fund Savings
Uninzi lwabantu baseMelika abanalo ukonga okwaneleyo ukugubungela iindleko zeenyanga ezili-1. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi kucetyiswa ukuba unayo ngokwaneleyo ekulondolozeni ubuncinci ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya ezintandathu zeendleko zokuphila ezisisiseko. Indlela efanelekileyo yokufezekisa le njongo kukutshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo imali ngqo kwi-paycheck yakho kwi-akhawunti yokulondoloza eyahlukeneyo de uze ufinyelele injongo yakho yokulondoloza.
Izilinganiso ze- Akhawunti ye-Savings Health kunye ne- Roth IRA asethi ingabandakanywa njengenxalenye yengxowa-mali yakho. Khumbula ukuba uya kufuna ukugcina okungenani iintsuku ezi-3 zamanzi (okt, kulula ukufikelela) ukulondoloza ngaphambi kokuba utyalole imali ngaphandle kokuba ukhululekile umngcipheko wokungena kweemarike xa ufuna ukufikelela kwindleko yakho.
7. Yenza Ukugcina Ukuthatha Umhlalaphansi kwiPhambili ePhambili
Qinisekisa ukuba uye endleleni yokuthatha indawo engama-80 ekhulwini yengeniso yakho ngexesha lomhlalaphantsi (okanye umnqweno wakho) ngaphambi kokukhawuleza umhla wokuhlawulwa kwetyala lomboleki. Ukulondoloza ngokwaneleyo umhlala-phantsi ngumngeni kumaMerika amaninzi ngoku. Kungaba nzima kakhulu ukugcina ngokwaneleyo ukuba uqala kwiimigangatho zokufunda kwaye uziva uxinzelelwe ngumboleko wesikolodo.
Nangona ukuhlaselwa kweemali-mboleko zakho zabafundi kunokuziva ngathi kuyona nto iphosa phambili, ngokuqhelekileyo kucetyiswa ukuba ulondoloze ubuncinane i-10-20 pesenti yengeniso kwiminyaka yakho yokusebenza ukufumana ukuzimela kwemali. Ukubaluleka kokugcinwa kwakho komhlalaphantsi ngaphambi kokwenza iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo kwiimali-mboleko zomfundi zakho kukuvumela ukuba usebenzise ngokugcwele amandla okuqulunqa umdla. Iimbolekiso zabafundi sele zidala ukuloba ngokugcinwa komhlalaphantsi. Ingxelo yeMinstate ifumene ukuba i-dollar nganye yemali-mboleko yemali ixhomekeke kwi-35 cent yokunciphisa ukugcinwa komhlalaphantsi. Ungamvumeli umhlala-phantsi wakho ufumane ubuninzi ngokungazigcineli ngokwaneleyo! Ungasebenzisa i- calculator yomhlala phantsi ukuze ubone apho umi khona kwaye uzama ukwandisa iminikelo njengoko kufuneka.
Ukubandakanya iMali YeeMali kwiNkqubo Yakho Yokuchitha
Kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba amanyathelo okucwangcisa imali ngaphambili adluliselwa ngaphambili ngaphambi kokuba enze iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo kwimali-mboleko yemfundo. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba ufanele ucinge nje ukuba awunayo ikhetho xa kuziwa kwimali-mboleko yabasebenzi kwi-budget yakho.
Izinketho zakho zokubuyiselwa zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwemali-mboleko enayo (federal okanye yangasese). Ukuhlanganiswa kwemali-mboleko ye-federal okanye ukuhlaziywa kwemali-mboleko yangasese kubonelelwa ngabboleki ukuba benze ukuhlawulwa kwemali mboleko kulungelelanise izicwangciso zakho zemali. Kwiimeko ezininzi, utshintsho oluthile oluncinci lunokunceda lula ukwenza inkqubo yokubuyiselwa kwentlawulo kwaye kwimeko yokuhlengahlengiswa kunokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokuboleka ngezinga lokunciphisa inzala.
Nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifunekayo xa ukhetha isicwangciso sakho sokubuyisela:
- Ngeemali Zemali Yomfundi Yaseburhulumenteni uya kucelwa ukuba ukhethe icebo. Ukuba awukhethi enye, uya kufakwa kwiSicwangciso soMbuyekezo sokuSiza, esiya kuhlawulwa ngemali-mboleko yakho kwiminyaka eyi-10.
- Ungatshintshela kwisicwangciso esithile nganoma naliphi ixesha ukuhambelana neemfuno zakho kunye neenjongo.
- Intlawulo yakho yenyanga ingekelwe kwindlela oyenzayo.
- Iimali-mboleko ezizimeleyo zenziwe ngaphandle kwemali ye-federal kwaye ziza neenketho ezimbalwa zokubuyisela. Qhagamshelana nomboleki wakho, umnini-mboleko, okanye umnini-mboleko ukuze ufumane iinketho zakho zokubuyisela.
- Zonke iimali-mboleko zomfundi zedolophu yokuqala ezachithwa ngomhla we-1 kuJulayi ka-1, 2006, zinomyinge onomdla wokubambisa ubomi.
- Ukuba unemboleko-mboleko ngqo ungayibhalisa kwiintlawulo ze-debit ngokuzenzekelayo nge-loan servicer kwaye awuyi kuphinda ulahlekelwe intlawulo. Okugqwesileyo konke, uya kufumana i-0.25 yepesenti yokuncitshiswa kwamazinga xa ubhalisa!
Ukudala isicwangciso sezemali esilula kwaye sitshintshileyo isinyathelo sokuqala onokuyithatha ukuze uthathe ulawulo phezu kwetyala lesikweletu somfundi. Ukuba iimali-mboleko zakho zabafundi ziqala ukuziva ngathi zifana neentlawulo zempahla yokukhuphela nje, khumbula ukuba kukho iindlela zokufumana iintlawulo zakho kwisicwangciso sakho semali ngendlela engayigxothi imfuno yakho yokugcina umhlalaphantsi.