Kutheni iCongress ikwesaba le Nqanaba leNyathelo elithandathu lokunciphisa amatyala?
Endaweni yoko, iCongress yakhetha ukulandelwa kwenkqubo kunye neengxaki zentlupheko ka -2013.
Abachasene abayi kunciphisa inzuzo yezoLuntu kunye ne-Medicare okanye ukukhusela. Abanye bebengayi kuthintela ukutsalwa kwentlawulo yerhafu. Kutheni kwakufuneka ukucutha okunjalo? Ngenxa yokuba urhulumente wase-US kufuneka aboleke i $ 0.37 nganye kwidola ngalinye lichitha. Ityala li ngaphezu kweyona mveliso yezoqoqosho zase-US ngonyaka.
Uninzi lwabiwo-mali luya kwii-1 trillion kwiiNtlawulo zeNtlalo, i-$ 886 yezigidi zemikhosi emkhosini , kunye ne-625 yezigidigidi kwi-Medicare. Umdla kwi-matyala yi-363 billion yezigidigidi. Ishiya iincinci ukutyalomali kwilizwe elizayo. Ezi ziquka imfundo, i- NASA , kunye nezibonelelo.
Isishwankathelo
Isicwangciso sicetywe ngamanyathelo amathandathu alandelayo:
- Ukusebenzisa imali yekarhulumente kwi-21 ekhulwini ye-GDP.
- Ukunciphisa imali efunekayo.
- Ukunciphisa iindleko zempilo zonyango.
- Yenza ukhuseleko lweNtlalo luzinzileyo.
- Ukuphelisa i-1.1 1.1 trillion kwiingxowa zerhafu , ngokunjenje ukwandisa ingeniso karhulumente kwi-21 ekhulwini ye-GDP ngelixa uhlahlisa irhafu yentlawulo.
- Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zohlaziyo.
IKomiti icetywe ukulinda iminyaka emibini ngaphambi kokusika imali okanye ukunyusa irhafu. Kwakudinga ukuqinisekisa ukuba uqoqosho lwalubuyiselwe ngokupheleleyo kwiCreat Recession .
Iinkcukacha
Umbiko weSimpson Bowles wenza iziphakamiso ezicacileyo, ezicacileyo kunye neengqinisiso zokufikelela ekunciphiseni ukulahleka.
Uninzi lweengcamango zalo ziqwalaselwa kakuhle kwimigaqo-nkqubo yokuba i-economists ikhuthaze iminyaka. I-Congress ayizange iwamkele ngenxa yokuba inzima kwezopolitiko.
1. Ukusetyenziswa kwemali karhulumente kwi-21 ekhulwini ye-GDP. Zonke i-arhente kufuneka zinciphise iindleko zokuqonda ngokubhekiselele kumanqanaba ka-2008, zilungiswe ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, ngo-2013. Emva koko, ukusetyenziswa kwemali yenkcitho kwanda kwinqanaba lentengo yokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Oku kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwempi . Kwakhona kubandakanya umda ohlukeneyo wokuchitha imali kwiimfazwe , njengoko kuyimfuneko. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluxakekayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweentlekele kumlinganiselo wonyaka wonyaka. Ukuhlawula iNgxowa-mali yeThutho yeThutho nge-$ 0.15 / gallon tax tax. Cwangcisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-White House nge-15 ekhulwini Ukukhulula bonke abasebenzi baseburhulumenteni bahlawula, kuquka ukukhusela. Sika abasebenzi baseburhulumenteni ngama-10 ekhulwini ngokusebenzisa i-attrition.
2. Ukunciphisa imali efunekayo. Ukunciphisa izibonelelo zomhlala-phantsi (kuquka umkhosi) nge-$ 70 yezigidigidi ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10. Ukunciphisa inkxaso-mali yefama , ukubolekwa kweekolo, kunye neNgxowa-mali yeMigodi yeNtshona. Vumela i-Ofisi yeposi ukuba isebenze njengeshishini elinenzuzo. Vumela i- Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation ukuba iphakamise ama-premiums. Makuyeke i-Tennessee Valley Authority ihlawulise amaxabiso emarike yombane wayo. Akukho tshintsho kwi-SSI, izitampu zokutya, okanye inzuzo yokungasebenzi .
3. Ukunciphisa iindleko zempilo zonyango. Ukugxilwa kweentlawulo ze-Medicare kumagqirha kumgangatho wokunyamekela endaweni yobuninzi. Ukukhupha iirhafu zonyango ngo-2013. Iziko elilodwa liye lahlulwa ngo-2014. Ukwandisa imali yokunciphisa ubuqhetseba beMedare. Ukunciphisa iintlawulo ezingaphezu kwemali. Ukulungelelanisa iMedicaid kunye ne-Medicare inzuzo. Ukunciphisa iindleko zonyango. UMthetho woNonophelo ojongene noThathaka unxulumene neengcebiso ezi zininzi.
4. Yenza ukhuseleko lwezeNtlalo luzinzileyo. Nciphise iindleko zabafumana umvuzo ophezulu. Ukwandisa iminyaka yobudala yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi ukuya kuma-69 ngo-2075. Bonke abasebenzi kufuneka bahlawule irhafu yeNtlalo yoKhuseleko kwiintlawulo zokuqala ze-90 ukuya kwe-20 000. Abasebenzi abaye bahlawula kwinkqubo ubuncinane iminyaka engama-25 baqinisekisiwe ukuhlawula ubuncinane be-125 ekhulwini lezinga lehlwempu .
Ukumboza abasebenzi abasanda kuqesha nabasebenzi basekhaya emva kowe-2020.
5. Ukuphelisa i-1.1 1.1 trillion kwiingxowa zerhafu, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa ingeniso karhulumente kwi-21 ekhulwini ye-GDP ngelixa uhlahlisa irhafu. Ukunciphisa irhafu yengeniso kwipesenti ezili-12, iipesenti ezingama-22 kunye neepesenti ezingama-28, kwaye unciphisa izinga lokuhlawula irhafu kwi-28 ukuya kuma-28. Ukufezekisa le ntlawulo, ixabiso lentlawulo yerhafu kunye neerhafu njengemali engenayo eqhelekileyo. Ukuphela kweNkcitho encinci yeRhafu kunye nokuncitshiswa kweemali. Urhulumente weRhafu kunye nezibophelelwano zikamasipala. Ukuhlawulwa kweerhafu ezi zilandelayo kumanqanaba angeniso eliphezulu: ii-inshorensi yezempilo, i-akhawunti yomhlala phantsi, ukunikezela ngokuzithandela, kunye nomdla wokuboleka imali. Sebenzisa ukutyunjwa-i-CPI ukulinganisa ukwanda kweendleko zokuphila kwabamkeli. Le ngxelo yaphelisa ezinye ii-150 zerhafu, iingeniso zerhafu zenkampani kunye nokuncitshiswa.
6. Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoLungiso. Sebenzisa isalathisi sexabiso lesithengi somthengi kuzo zonke iintlawulo zeendleko zorhulumente. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukaMongameli alufanele lubonise ilahleko ngo-2015, ngaphandle kokuba kubekho ukuhlaziywa kwemali. Ukulinganisa i-benefit extension benefit benefits kwizinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi .
IsiCwangciso esiya kuSebenza
Isicwangciso seSimpson-Bowles sisenokunciphisa ukusilela kunye netyala ngokuluqwalasela ngokucokisekileyo uluhlu lweengcomo ezicacileyo. Nangona abaninzi abagxekayo bekhathazekile malunga nokunyuka kweerhafu, oku akuyi kubangela ukukhula koqoqosho emva kokuba i- GDP ifikelele kwisilinganiso sepesenti esiphezulu se-2-3 . Ngoba? Ukunyuka kweRhafu kukhuthaza ukukhula xa amazinga angaphezulu kwezinga le-50 ngokwemali yeLaffer . Kuxhaswa ngemfundiso yenkxaso-mali yecandelo loqoqosho , umgaqo-nkqubo oxhasa ukucutha kweerhafu.
Esi sicwangciso sinokukhusela abo basengozini kakhulu, abahluphekileyo nabadala. Basenokwenzeka ukuba bathathe nayiphi na ingeniso abayifumanayo. Ugxininisa ukunyuka kweenzuzo ngokuzenzekelayo kwabangasebenzi. I- Ofisi ye-Budget ye-Congressional ifumene enye yeyona ndlela efanelekileyo yokuvuselela imfuno kunye nokwandisa imisebenzi.
USimpson-Bowles uncoma ukuba zonke i-arhente zinciphise ukusebenzisa ipesenti enye. Inyanzela iinqununu zeeburhulumenteni, ezona zifanelekileyo, ukufumana ukugcinwa kwamasebe abo. Esi sicwangciso saphelile nokuchitha imali kwiinkqubo ezidlulileyo, njengesiKhwama seMayini elahlekileyo. Konke kuzo zonke, kuyisicwangciso esisebenzayo kwisimo sengqondo sezoqoqosho.
Imbali
Ikhomishoni kaZwelonke malunga noXanduva lwezeMali kunye noTshintsho lwalo lufake ingxelo ingxelo yokugqibela ngomhla kaDisemba 1, 2010. I-co-chairmen yayisakuba yi-Wyoming Republican Senator Alan Simpson kunye no-Democrat Erskine Bowles, intloko kaMongameli uBill Clinton .
UMongameli uBarack Obama wakha iKhomishoni ngoFebruwari 18, 2010. Injongo yakhe yayikufumanisa indlela ye-bipartisan yokunciphisa ulwabiwo-mali lwamaxesha omnyaka we- 3% we-GDP. U-Obama ucele uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olulinganisiweyo ngo-2015 (ngokungabali iintlawulo zenzalo). Kwakhona wafuna isisombululo kwixesha elide loKhuseleko loLuntu kunye neMedare. Iinjongo zeKhomishoni ye-bi-partisan yayikujongana neengxaki zeentyala ze-US ngendlela eyamkelekileyo kwimibini yomibini.
Ngomhla kaNovemba 10, 2010, uSimpson noBobles bavakalisile ukuphakamisa kwabo ukuphikisana okukhulu. Icebise ukuxuba ukuchithwa kweendleko (kuxhaswa yiRiphabhlikhi ) kunye nokwanda kweerhafu (ezifunwa yi- Democrats .) Kuye kunciphisa ubuninzi bebhajethi kwi-2.2 yeepesenti ye-GDP, ngaphantsi kwekota yokugqibela.
Umzuzu weNyaniso
NgoDisemba 1, 2010, iKhomishoni yakhulula "Ixesha leNyaniso," ingxelo yayo yokugqibela. Kodwa ayiphumelelanga ukufumana inkxaso yaneleyo yamalungu ayo eKhomishini ukuba adlule. Kwakudinga amalungu eKhomishoni e-14 ukuba avumele kwaye ayifumana amavoti ayi-11 kuphela. Ukuhlukana phakathi kweKomishoni ngokwayo kuthetha ukuba iCongress ayinakuyithinta. AmaRiphabhulikhi amaninzi asayine "akukho ntlawulo entsha" yesifungo, esabashiya indawo yokunciphisa.
Ngo-2011, iCongress yadlulisela uMthetho woLawulo lweBhajethi. Yathi iCongress kufuneka ifike necebo lokunciphisa imali. Ngaphandle koko, kuya kubhekana nokulandelelana. Oku kuya kunciphisa iipesenti ezili-10 kuzo zonke iinkqubo zengeniso yokuchithwa, kuquka umkhosi. Oko kwakungazange kuyinyanzele ukuba ivumelane ngesicwangciso, kwaye ukulandelwa kwenkqubo kwaqala ukusebenza.
Ngo-2012, iCongress yayingenaso esinye isicwangciso se-bipartisan sokunciphisa ukusilela. Kwakujongene nokuchithwa kwemali kunye nokunyuswa kweerhafu. Batshitshisa ukuphonsa uqoqosho kwi- cliff yezimali ngonyaka ka-2013. Inkomfa yaqalisa ukucinga kwakhona icebo leSimpson-Bowles. Kodwa akukho mntu wayezimisele ukubeka umngcipheko wokunyuka kwawo kunyaka wokuxhasa ukhetho olufunekayo.