Ibali emva kokulahleka okukhulu kwiMbali yase-US
Ngenxa yoko, ayizange isayinwe ukuba uMongameli Obama athathe i-ofisi ngo-2009. Ekupheleni kwe-FY 2008 (ngoSeptemba 30, 2008), uMongameli Bush kunye neCongress basayina iSigqibo esiqhubekayo ukuxhaswa urhulumente ezinye iinyanga ezintandathu. Ngenxa yoko, uMongameli u-Obama osandul 'ukhetho waphawula uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-FY 2009, ukunyathela kwii-253 zeebhiliyoni zeendleko kwi- Economic Stimulus Act . Ukufumana okungakumbi malunga nendlela oku kusebenza ngayo, khangela iNkqubo yoHlahlo lwabiwo-mali .
Ingeniso
Ngomhla ka-2009, urhulumente waseburhulumenteni wafumana i-2.105 trillion kwimali engenayo. Iirhafu zerhafu zanikele ngemali eyi-915 yezigidigidi, iintlawulo zeNtlalo zentlawulo zongeze i-$ 654 yezigidigidi, kwaye iirhafu zeMedare ziyi-$ 191 yezigidigidi. Iirhafu zorhwebo zinesine, kwi-138 yezigidigidi zeeRandi, ngelixa ezinye zenziwe zerhafu yeerhafu (i-$ 62 billion), irhafu ye-inshorensi yengqesho (i-$ 38 billion) kunye nomdla kwi-Federal Reserve imali (i-$ 34 billion). Iingeniso zancinciwe kakhulu ngengozi yezemali , ezenza ukunciphisa iindleko zentsapho kunye namashishini.
(Umthombo: uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-OMB FY 2011, olubonisa inkcitho yangempela ye-FY 2009, iThebhile S-11)
ICongress yayicinga ukuba ingeniso yokuqala ye-FY 2009 ye-$ 2.7 trillion yayiphezulu kakhulu, inikwe umnotho ophuculayo. Njengoko kwavela, iCongress yayilungile. UBush ucebisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali phambi kokukhishwa kwe-March ka-March, i-Bear Stearns, ukuxoshwa kuka-July kaFannie Mae kunye noFreddie Mac, kwaye ngaphambi kokuba uLehman Brothers bachithwe.
(Umthombo: "FY Budget 2009, iTables Summary," i-OMB.)
Ukuchitha
U-2009 usebenzise imali eyi-3,518 trillion. Ingaphezulu kwesahlulo yayiyimfuneko yokusetyenziswa kwemigaqo. Ezi ziinkqubo eziye zaqulunqwa nguMthetho weCongress, kwaye kufuneka zixhaswe ngemali ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zazo. ICongress ayikwazi ukunciphisa imali kwiinkqubo ngaphandle komthetho omnye. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwale nkqubo luqikelelo lwezinto eziya kubabiza ukuba zixhaswe.
Inzala kumatyala aseburhulumenteni yayingu-187 yezigidigidi zeebhiliyoni, okanye iipesenti ezi-5 zenkcitho. Oku, kwakhona, bekuqikelelwa kwinto ekufuneka ihlawulwe ngonyaka ngamnye kubanikazi beTyala le-US.
Amanye ayenokusetyenziswa kwemali. Le yinkqubo iCongress kufuneka igunyaze ngemali ngamnye kunyaka. Inqanaba elona likhulu lokusebenzisa imali.
Imvume:
Imali yokunyanzeleka yayingu-2.112 triliyoni, okanye iipesenti ezingama-60 ze-Federal Budget. Kwakuquka ukhuseleko lwezeNtlalo (i-R8 67 billion), i-Medicare (i-$ 425 billion) kunye neMedicaid (i-$ 251 billion). Kwakhona kwaquka i-151 yezigidigidi ze- TARP eziye zafudlulelwa kwisabelo-mali esiyimfuneko kwizabiwo-mali ezalandelayo, ekubeni ivunyiwe nguMthetho weCongress.
Ukwaziswa:
Inkcitho yokuqonda yayiyi $ 1.219 trillion, okanye i-35% yenkcitho yonke. Kuphela iiyure ezingama-396,5 zeebhilidi ezazisetyenziselwa iinkqubo ezingezizo zomkhosi. Enye yezona zilandelayo: IiNkonzo zeMpilo kunye noLuntu (iiRandi eziyizigidi ezingama-77), i-Transportation (i-$ 70.5 yezigidigidi), iMfundo (i-$ 41.4 yezigidigidi), iZindlu kunye noPhuhliso lweeDolophu (i-$ 40 billion) kunye nezolimo (i-$ 22.6 billion).
Ezi bijethi zeSebe zibandakanya ukunyuswa koMthetho woThutho loQoqosho .
Ukusetyenziswa kweMpi ngo-FY 2009 kwakuyi-$ 822.5 yezigidi. Oku kubandakanya:
- Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweSebe lezoKhuseleko- $ 513.6 billion, irekhodi elitsha.
- Uxhasomali olongezelelweyo lweMfazwe kwiSibetho - i-$ 153.1 yezigidigidi. Oku kwasekuqaleni kwakuquka i-$ 70 yezigidigidi zeeMfazwe e-Iraq nakwi-Afghanistan-kuphela ukuxhaswa kuze kube nguJanuwari 20, xa uBush eshiya i-ofisi. Lingaphantsi kwehafu yesigaba seminyaka engaphambili.
- Amasebe axhasa umkhosi-i-149.4 yezigidigidi. Oku kubandakanya iSebe leMagxarha (i-$ 49 billion), eyandisiwe malunga ne-$ 10 yezigidigidi ukunyamekela inani elinyukayo lamalungu enkonzo eyingozi, ngakumbi abo bafuna unyango lwempilo yengqondo kwiimeko zokulwa neengxaki kunye neentlungu zamakhanda. Kwakhona iquka i-9.1 yezigidigidi zeeNkxaso zikaNyukliya zikaZwelonke, i-44.9 yezigidigidi zeeNkxaso zoKhuseleko lwaseKhaya, i-$ 38.5 billion kwiSebe likaRhulumente kunye ne-7.7 yezigidigidi ze-FBI.
Esinye isizathu sokuba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luyi-DOA ngenxa yokuba u-2008 wawungunyaka lonyulo, kwaye uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukaBush lwasika iinkqubo ezidumileyo, into engayi kunceda nayiphi na i-Congressional member's reelection. Inqumle i-Medicare, izibonelelo zithi, kwaye zigcinwe zonke ezinye iindleko zeenkonzo ezingezokhuseleko. (Umthombo: "I-$ 400 Billion Deficit yoMnumzana we-Bush," e-USA namhlanje, ngoFebruwari 2, 2008. "I-Congress kunye nokuLawula ukuLawula ngo-2009" Imali, "i-American Institute of Physics, ngo-Septemba 30, 2008. Ofisi yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.)
Ukulahleka kweBhajethi enkulu kwiMbali yase-US
Ulwabiwo-mali lwe-FY ka-2009 lwama -1.413 trillion, eyona mkhulu kunembali. Ubutyebi bufike kwi-$ 1.006 engaphezulu kwexabiso likaBush lokuhlawulelwa kwebhiliyoni ezingama-407 zeebhiliyoni. Njengoko ucinga ukuba, amaRiphabhliki athi u-Obama, ngelixa amaDemocrats athi iBush. Nangona kunjalo, ityati engezantsi ibonisa apho ukutshutshisa okwenene kuxoxwa khona-ukukhulula okukhulu kunako ukususela kwiNkxwaleko enkulu .
Ukwahluke phakathi koPhakamiso kunye no-2009 uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali
| Udidi | I cebiso | Eyona nto | Igalelo elingabonakaliyo kwiNgcaciso |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingeniso | $ 2.7 trillion | $ 2.105 trillion | $ 595 yezigidigidi |
| TARP | 0 | $ 151 yezigidigidi | $ 151 yezigidigidi |
| ARRA | 0 | $ 253 yezigidigidi | $ 253 yezigidigidi |
| Okunye | 0 | $ 7 billion | $ 7 billion |
| Iyonke | --- | --- | $ 1.006 trillion |
Ukulahleka kwemali ngexesha lokunciphisa imali kulungile. Inxalenye yomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali owandisiweyo, okhuthaza ukukhula. Nangona kunjalo, kuba yinkqutyana ebushushu ngenxa yokuba iCongress ifumene ilahleko yokuchitha imali ukuba ibe yindlela efanelekileyo yokufumana kwakhona ukususela ekubeni uMongameli uNixon. Ngaphambi koko, ukulahlekelwa kwaphela kwaphela ukuxhasa iimfazwe. Ekupheleni kwe-FY 2008, ityala likhule liya kuma-10 trillion.
Kwixesha elide, eli likhulayo liyanciphisa idola. Kungenxa yokuba iSebe leNondyebo kufuneka likhuphe amanqaku amatsha kaNondyebo ukuze ahlawule ityala. Oku kunempembelelo efanayo nokushicilela iibhilidi zeedola. Njengoko idola likhukhula kwiimarike, ukubonelela ngeemfuneko, ukunciphisa ixabiso lentela .
Njengoko ixabiso leedola liyancipha, lenza intengo yokungeniswa kwenyuka. Umthwalo omkhulu wematyala ekugqibeleni udala uloyiko lokuba akuyi kubuyiselwa. Okanye, ukuba urhulumente uya kufuneka ahlawule irhafu ukuze ahlawule. Oku kuqhube ngakumbi ekukhuleni kwezoqoqosho.