Umgaqo-nkqubo wezeNkcazo wezeMali kunye neMigomo yayo

Lapho uBush no-Obama bavumelani ngokupheleleyo noClinton

Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali olwahlukileyo xa urhulumente echitha ukuchitha okanye ukuphakamisa irhafu. Ifumana igama layo kwindlela ekudibanisa ngayo uqoqosho. Iyanciphisa inani lemali elitholakalayo kumashishini kunye nabathengi ukuba bachithe.

Injongo

Injongo yomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali olwaphulo-mthetho kukunciphisa ukukhula kwinqanaba lezoqoqosho . Kuphakathi kweepesenti ezi-2 ukuya kuma-3 ekhulwini ngonyaka. Uqoqosho olukhula ngaphezu kwama-3 ekhulwini ludala iziphumo ezine ezimbi.

1. Idala ukunyuka kwamaxabiso . Yilapho amaxabiso aphakanyiswa ngokukhawuleza kwimpahla, ukutya kunye nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko. Amanani aphezulu ahamba ngokukhawuleza ukugcina imali kunye nokutshabalalisa umgangatho wokuphila .
2. Iqhuba amaxabiso ngokutyalomali. Okubizwa ngokuba yi- actif bubble . Kwenzeke kwiimpahla , igolide kunye neoli . Umzekelo weempembelelo zawo ezibangelwa yi-bubble housing 2006. Ngo-2005, iindleko zezindlu zazingenakulungiseka kwiintsapho ezininzi. Amabhanki anciphisa imigaqo yabo ukukhwabanisa ababolekisi be-subprime, ukudala ingxaki ngo-2008 .
3. Akulondolozeki. Ukukhula kwi-4 ekhulwini okanye ngaphezulu kukhokelela ekutyekeni kwemali . Oko kwenzeka ngokukodwa ngamabhulebhu asethi. Ngelishwa, ukunyuka kwemali kuyinxalenye yomjikelezo wezoshishino .
4. Ihlisa isithuba sokungabikho kwemisebenzi esezantsi kwinqanaba lokungasebenzi . Umzabalazo wabaqeshi ukufumana abasebenzi abaneleyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemarike. Ukunciphisa ukukhula ukusuka kwicala lokuvelisa.

Ingaba isebenza kanjani

Xa oorhulumente banqambile ukuchitha imali okanye ukwandisa irhafu, kuthatha imali ngaphandle kwezandla zabathengi.

Kwakhona kwenzeka xa urhulumente echonga inkxaso , ukuhlawula iintlawulo kuquka iinkqubo zentlalontle , izivumelwano zomsebenzi karhulumente, okanye inani labasebenzi bakaRhulumente. Ukuncitshiswa kwemali kunciphisa umfuno . Unika abathengi amandla angaphantsi kokuthenga. Oku kunciphisa inzuzo yoshishino, ukunyanzelisa iinkampani ukuqeda umsebenzi.

Kutheni amaPolitiki aSebenzisa ngokuqhelekileyo

Amagosa akhethiweyo asebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali olwaphulo-mthetho uninzi ngaphantsi komgaqo-nkqubo wokwandisa . Kungenxa yokuba abavoti abathandi ukunyuswa kweerhafu. Baqhankqalaza nayiphi na inzuzo encitshiswayo ebangelwa ukunciphisa iindleko zikaRhulumente. Ngenxa yoko, abapolitiko abasebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo wokuchasana bavotelwe ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kweofisi.

Ukungathandabuzeki kwemiphumo yomgaqo-nkqubo wokuphambana nomgaqo-nkqubo wokuphulwa komgaqo- mali kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali . Ukwenza ulwaphulo, urhulumente uvele nje uqalise iindleko ze-Nondyebo ezintsha , amanqaku kunye nezibophelelo . Ezi zixazululo zebhajethi zonyaka zibuhlungu kakhulu ityala le-US . Kuphantse i-$ 20 trillion, ngaphezu kwezinto e-United States ezivelisa ngonyaka. Emva kwexesha elide, umlinganiselo we- debt-to-GDP awusenakukwazi ukuwugcina. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, abathengi be-US Treasury bayaxhalabisa ukuba abayi kuhlawulwa. Baya kufuna ukuba inzala ephezulu ihlawule i-risiti eyongeziweyo. Amanani aphakamileyo aya kuphuhlisa ukukhula koqoqosho. Uqoqosho luba nemiphumo yomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali olwaphulayo nokuba ufuna ukwenza okanye cha.

Urhulumente kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni banokusetyenziswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yezemali. Kungenxa yokuba kufuneka balandele imithetho engabonakaliyo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Abavunyelwe ukuba bachithe ngaphezu kokuba bafumana irhafu. Leyo ipolisi efanelekileyo, kodwa ukuphazamiseka komda kukunciphisa amandla omthetho ukuba abuyele kwimpumelelo.

Ngaphandle kokuba bafumane intsalela xa ukuhlaselwa kwemali kuhlaselwa, kufuneka banqunywe ngokuchanekileyo xa befuna kakhulu.

U mzekelo

UMongameli uBill Clinton wasebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo wokuphambana nokusika imali kwiindawo ezincinci. Okokuqala, wayefuna ukuba abemi benhlalakahle basebenze kwiminyaka emibini yokufumana inzuzo. Emva kweminyaka emihlanu, iinzuzo zacinywa. Wabuye wakhulisa intlawulo yerhafu yokufumana ingeniso ukusuka kuma-28 ukuya kuma-39.6%.

UMongameli uFranlin D. Roosevelt wasebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo wokuphambana ngokukhawuleza emva kokuPhukisa . Wayephendulela kwingcinezelo yezopolitiko ukusika ityala. Ukuxinezeleka kwavela emva kwe-1932. Akuzange kugqitywe kwaze kwaba yilapho i-FDR igxininisa ukusetyenziswa kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Kwakubuyiselwa enkulu kumgaqo-nkqubo wezemali owandisiweyo .

Ukufumana imizekelo embalwa, funda:

• Amatyala aseMelika nguMongameli
• Izinga lokungasebenzi kwabasebenzi ngonyaka
• Imbali yokuPhinda
• GDP ngonyaka

Umgaqo-nkqubo wezeMali oHlangeneyo kunye neNkqubo yeMali yokuPhatha

Umgaqo-mali womgaqo-mali uvela xa ibhanki yelizwe ephakamileyo iphakamisa amaxabiso enzala kwaye iyancipha imali yokubonelela ngemali . Yenzelwe ukuthintela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso . Igalelo lexesha elide lokunyuka kwamaxabiso lingaba lunobungozi obuninzi kumgangatho wokuphila kunokugqithisa. Inkqubo yemali yokwandisa ikhulisa ukukhula koqoqosho ngokunciphisa amazinga enzala. Kusebenza ngokungezelele ukuthengwa kwamanzi ngokwemali.

Inzuzo yomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali kukuba isebenza ngokukhawuleza kunomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali. I- Federal Reserve ivoti ukuphakamisa okanye ukunciphisa amaxabiso kwiNtlanganiso ye- Federal Open Market Committee . Kuthatha malunga neenyanga ezintandathu ukwenzela ukuba uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo lusebenze ngendlela yalo kwezoqoqosho.