I-ARRA: Iinkcukacha, iiNzuzo kunye neNgxowa-mali

Yintoni eyenziwa yi-ARRA?

UMthetho Wokubuyiswa kweMelika kunye nokuThengiswa koNyaka ka-2009 wawusisiseko sokuhlawula imali esaphelile iNkxaso enkulu . I-Congress yamkela icebo likaMongameli Obama ukubeka i-$ 787 yezigidigidi kwiifama zaseMerika kunye namashishini amancinci . Oku kuya kukhulisa imfuno kwaye kuqiniseke ukuzithemba. Kwakuyimfuneko elandelelweyo kwisicwangciso sikaMongameli uBush , iNkqubo yoLwaphulo lweeNkathazo eziPhambili . I-TARP iphelile ingxaki yemali ka - 2008 ngokukhwela iibhanki ezinkulu.

I-ARRA inezixhobo ezisixhenxe. Nazi iinkcukacha ngamnye.

1. Uncedo olukhawulezileyo kwiintsapho

I-ARRA ivuselele imfuno ngokuthumela ii-260 billion kwiintsapho. Bafumana imali ngemali yerhafu, iirhafu kunye neenzuzo zokungasebenzi. Uninzi lweemali luhanjiswe kwiminyaka emibili yokuqala.

• Nciphisa iirhafu ngamadola angama-400 kubantu ngabanye kunye ne-800 zamazwe ngeentsapho ngokunciphisa ukunyima. Oku kwadideka abantu abaninzi ababekulindele ukuhlola njengamaCutshi eRhafu yeRhafu .
• Ukuhlawulwa kwee-$ 250 ezongezelelweyo ngamnye kumamkeli oKhuseleko loLuntu, umhlalaphantsi we-veterans kunye neNzuzo yeNkxaso yeNkxaso-mali (SSI).
• Iibhiliyoni eziyi-70 zeebhilidi zokwandisa iNdawo yokuLungisa iNkcazo encinci . ICongress iyakwandisa ngonyaka.
• Ukufikelela okuphezulu kwerhafu yengxowa yomntwana kwabampofu abasebenzayo kunye nekhredithi yerhafu engenayo eyongeziweyo kwiintsapho ezinezingane ezintathu.
• Intengo yeekhredithi zemali yeekholeji zee-2 500 zekholeji ngo-2009 no-2010.
• Ingxowa yerhafu ye-8,000 yeerhafu kubanjwe bokuqala basekhaya ngo-2009 kuphela. (Kamva kwandiswa ngo-Ephreli 2010.)

• Ukuncitshiswa kwentela yokuthengisa kwintengo entsha yokuthenga imoto ngo-2009 kuphela.
• Iingeniso zengqesho zandisiwe kwezinye iiveki ezingama-33.
• Ukumiswa kweerhafu kwi-$ 2,400 yokuqala yeengeniso zengqesho ngo-2009.

2. Ukulungiswa kweZibonelelo zikaRhulumente

I-ARRA nayo yakha imisebenzi ngemali-ekulungiselelwe imisebenzi yezinto ezikarhulumente.

Le yindlela ephezulu kakhulu yokwenza imisebenzi. Iigidi ezigidi zeedola ezichithwe kwimisebenzi kawonkewonke zadala imisebenzi engama-19,975 ngokwemiqathango ye- UMass / Amherst .

• Iimali ezigidi ezingama-46 zeenqwelo zokuthutha kunye neeprojekthi ezihamba phambili.
• Iibhiliyoni eziyi-31 zeebhiliyoni ukwenzela ukuhlaziywa kwezakhiwo zedolophu.
• Iibhiliyoni ezingama-6 kwiiprojekthi zamanzi.

3. Ukwandisa uMbane weeMveliso

Le ngxowa-mali yaqalisa-ishishini lamanye amandla eMelika. Kuboniswe ukuba urhulumente wephondo uxhasa amandla ahlanzekileyo.

• Iibhiliyoni ezi-17 ezigidi zokuhlawula intela yerhafu.
• Iibhiliyoni ezi-5 ezigidi ukukhupha amakhaya.

4. Ukwandisa uLondolozo lwezeMpilo

Eli candelo lixhasayo iindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezongezelelekileyo eziya kudala. Kwakhona kwaqala ukuqulunqa iirekhodi zezokwelapha. Oku kwaququzelela ukutshintshiselwa kolwazi lwezonyango lwezonyango, ezifana novavanyo, phakathi koogqirha. Iirekhodi zezobugcisa zekhompyutha ziququzelele uMthetho woNonophelo ongenakuncedo . Nantsi into eyenziwa yi-ARRA kwimpilo yononophelo.

• Iibhiliyoni eziyi-24 zezigidi ukuxhaswa ama-65 ekhulwini ama-premium ama- COBRA ukuya kwiinyanga ezili-9 zokukhutshwa kwabasebenzi.
• Iibhiliyoni eziyi-87 zeebhiliyoni ezixhasayo ngemali kwiminyaka emibini ukunceda uhlawula ukuhlawula iimfuno ezongezelelweyo zeMedicaid eziqhelekileyo zenzeke emdeni .
• Iibhiliyoni eziyi-10 kwiSizwe seZiko lezeMpilo.
• Iibhiliyoni ezi-17 zeebhiliyoni ukwenzela ukuba kwenziwe uphuhliso lwenkqubo ye-teknoloji yezobugcisa.

5. Ukuphucula imfundo

Imali yezemfundo yindlela yesibini efanelekileyo yokudala imisebenzi, ngokwemiqathango ye-UMass. Isigidi esisodwa kwiindleko zomgaqo-nkqubo senza imisebenzi eyi-17,687. Nantsi into eyenziwa yi-ARRA kwimfundo.

• Iibhiliyoni ezingama-54 kwizikolo zesikolo kwaye lihlawule ukuhlawula imivuzo yomfundisi kunye neenkqubo zemfundo.
• Iibhiliyoni ezili-21 zee-bhiliyoni ezikolweni zokuhlaziywa kwezikolo nokwakhiwa.
• Iibhiliyoni ezi-17 zeebhiliyoni ukwenzela ukukhulisa i-Pell Grants ngokunyusa inani elide ukuya kuma-5,350 ngo-2009 kunye ne-5,550 yee-$ ngo-2010.
• Iibhiliyoni ezili-13 zeeNtloko zeNtloko.
• Iibhiliyoni ezili-12 zezigidi kwiiprogram ezizodwa, kubandakanywa uqeqesho lwabaqeshwa abakhubazekileyo.

6. Invest in Science Research and Technology

Ukuxhaswa kweziseko zokusasazwa kweengxowa-mali kwiindawo zasemaphandleni kwandinceda ukuhlaziya indlela yeekhompyutheni zezempilo ezifunekayo kwi-ACA.

• Igidi ezili-10 zeebhiliyoni ukuphucula izakhiwo zesayensi kunye nokuxhasa ngemisebenzi yophando eyenza uphando ngezilwanyana.

• Iibhiliyoni ezi-4 zeebhiliyoni ukwenzela ukwandisa iziseko zamashishini aseburhulumenteni kwimimandla yasemaphandleni nasemaphandleni Oko kwenza amashishini abo akhuphiswano.
• Iibhiliyoni ezingama-4 zeengcali ze-physics kunye nesayensi.

7. Nceda Amashishini Amancinci

Amashishini amancinci aqhuba iipesenti ezingama-70 yazo zonke imisebenzi emitsha. I-ARRA yabelwa i-$ 54 yezigidigidi ukunceda amashishini amancinci ngokuncitshiswa kweerhafu, izikriti kunye neziqinisekiso zokuboleka imali. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukwandiswa kokunciphisa ukuchithwa kwamatshini kunye nezixhobo, kuquka ii-SUVs, ukuya kuma-240,000.
• Ukuvumela ukuncitshiswa okukhethekileyo kwe-2008.
• Ukunciphisa irhafu yexabiso lentlawulo yabatyalo-mali abancinci bezoshishino abathintela imali yabo kwiminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu.
• Iimpawu zerhafu zamashishini amancinci aqesha abadala bexesha elide abangasebenzi okanye abafundi.
• Ukwandisa isiqinisekiso semali-mboleko ye-SBA ukuya kuma-90 ekhulwini kwi-7 (a) program program.
• Ukuphelisa iifizi kwiimali-mboleko zophuhliso loqoqosho lwe-504.
• Kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe- FY 2011 , imali eyongezelelweyo eyi-64 yezigidigidi zemali eyabelwe ukunyusa amaninzi kwiiprogram ze-ARRA. Yongeza iikhredithi zerhafu nakweyiphi na imisebenzi emitsha, kwaye yandisa imingcele yemali yokubolekisa i-Small Business Administration kwi $ 3 yezigidi ukuya kwii-5 yezigidi.

(Umthombo: "I-Pactimus Package kwiNdlela yeVotes zokugqibela," i-Associated Press, ngoFebruwari 12, 2009. "Abenzi bomthetho bachitha iTransband yeTransband," ngoBhuwari 13, 2009. "Indlela Yongeza ngayo," iWall Street Journal, ngoFebruwari 15 , 2009.)

Iinkonzo kunye neNgxowa-mali ye-ARRA

UMthetho Wokubuyiswa kweMelika kunye noMthetho wokuThengisa kwakhona unento kuwo wonke umntu. Kodwa kwakunzima kakhulu. Abantu abaninzi babengaqinisekanga ukuba, ngokwenene, bafumana ikhefu lekhefu. Iingqungquthela zabonisa ukuba abanye abaninzi bacinga ukuba irhafu yabo yandile kunokuba iyancipha.

Amashishini amancinci agxeka ukuba iziqinisekiso zokubolekwa kwemboleko kunye nokuncitshiswa kweerhafu azizange zibancede. Kungenxa yokuba imiyalelo nje ayengenanga.

Abanye bagxeka ingqalelo kwimfundo okanye bancedisa iintsapho ezinomvuzo ophantsi. Abanye bathi izabelo ezingaphangeliyo zengqesho zisususa inzuzo yokukhangela umsebenzi.

Kodwa impumelelo ye-ARRA ikulo manani. Ukunyuka kwemali kwaphela ngoJulayi 2009, emva kweenyanga ezintlanu emva kokuba iKomishana idlulise uMthetho. Ukukhula koqoqosho ngokukhawuleza kuphuculwe Yandisa i- 1.3 ekhulwini kwi-Q3 2009 emva kokuhla kwama-5.4 ekhulwini kwi-Q1 2009. Kwiinyanga ezili-18 zokuqala emva kokuba i-ARRA idlule, uqoqosho longeze i- 2.4 yezigidi ezizimeleyo kunye ne-1.7 yezigidi zemisebenzi karhulumente. Kwaye emva kokulahlekelwa imisebenzi engaphezu kwama-500 000 ngenyanga ngexesha lokunciphisa.