Indlela uRagan eyagqitywa ngayo emva kweminyaka yama-1980
Ukuze enze njalo, uReagan wathembisa "uReagan Revolution." Ijolise ekunciphiseni iindleko zorhulumente , irhafu kunye nommiselo . Ifilosofi yakhe "uRhulumente akayisisombululo kwingxaki yethu, urhulumente yingxaki." URagag wayengummeli woqoqosho lwe-laiss-faire .
Wayekholelwa ukuba imarike yamahhala kunye neengxowa-mali yayiza kuxazulula iintlungu zelizwe. Imigaqo yakhe ihambelane " ukunyanzela kukuhle " kwemizwe ka-1980 yaseMelika.
1980-1981 Ukubuya
UReagan uzuze uqoqosho oluxutywe kwi- stagflation . Kudibaniswa nokuqhekeza kwezoqoqosho eziphindwe kabini ngexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso . Ukulwa nokunciphisa umnotho, uReagan uthintela iholo lentlawulo kwi-70% ukuya kwi-28 ekhulwini kwi-bracket ephezulu. Wanciphisa irhafu yerhafu yenkampani ukusuka kuma-48 ukuya kuma-34 ekhulwini. Uthembise ukunciphisa ukukhula kwemali yekarhulumente kunye nokucwangcisa ama shishini. Ngelo xesha, wakhuthaza i- Federal Reserve ukulwa nokunyuka kwemali ngokunciphisa imali yokunikezelwa kwemali .
Reaganomics kunye neCandelo leRhafu
Ngowe-1981, iCongress yayinqumle isantya esiphezulu serhafu yaba ngama-70 ekhulwini ukusuka kuma-70 ukuya kuma-50 ekhulwini. Yanceda ekukhuliseni ukwanda kwimizi emveliso yasemakhaya iminyaka emininzi elandelayo . Uqoqosho lwakhula ngama-4,6 ekhulwini ngo-1983, iipesenti ezingama-7.3 ngo-1984, kunye ne-4.2 ekhulwini ngo-1985.
Ukukhula koqoqosho kuyanciphisa ukungaqeshwa kwabasebenzi kwiminyaka emininzi elandelayo . NgoDisemba 1981, bekuyi-8.5 ekhulwini. Umvuzo omncinci wawuyi $ 3.35 ngeyure. Ngowe-1982, iNkcazo yadlulisela uMthetho woQeqesho loQeqesho noJob. Yayisungula iinkqubo zokuqeqeshwa komsebenzi kubantu abafumana imali encinane. Isantya sokungabikho kwemisebenzi senyuke kuma-10.8 ekhulwini ngoDisemba 1982.
Kwawa kuma-8.3 ekhulwini ngo-1983, ama-7.3 ekhulwini ngo-1984, kunye ne-7.0 ekhulwini ngoDisemba 1985. I-Reagan yanciphisa irhafu yentlawulo kwakhona, kuma-38,5 ekhulwini, ngo-1986.
Ukukhula kwaba yimpumelelo engama-3.5 ekhulwini ekupheleni kuka-1986, kodwa izinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi lalingama-6.6 ekhulwini. Kwasekuphakamileyo kunezinga lokungasebenzi . Reagan yentlawulo yeerhafu kwakhona, ukuya kuma-28 ekhulwini. Ukukhula kwandile ukuya kuma-4.2 ekhulwini ngo-1987, kwaye ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwabangama-5.7 ekhulwini. Ukukhula kwandiswe kuma-3.7 ekhulwini ngo-1988, kwaye ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwabangama-5.3 ekhulwini.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho zeReagan ibizwa ngokuba yiReaganomics . Reagan isekelwe imigaqo yakhe kwiingcamango zecandelo loqoqosho lwezobonelelo . Kuthetha ukutyunjwa kweerhafu kukukhuthaza ukwandiswa koqoqosho ngokwaneleyo ukwenzela ukuwandisa isiseko seerhafu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ingeniso eyongeziweyo evela kwimoya echanekileyo kufuneka ikhuphe ukulahlekelwa kwepayimali yokuqala kwi-tax cut.
Kodwa ngokwe- Laffer Curve , oku kusebenza kuphela ukuba iirhafu zokuqala zerhafu ziphezulu. Iirhafu eziphezulu ziwela kwi-curve "Ulungelelwaniso lwamaxabiso." Izicucu zokuqala zerhafu zasebenza ngenxa yeerhafu zerhafu. Ukwahlula kwentela ka-1986 no-1987 kwakungekho ngempumelelo, kuba iireyithi zerhafu sele ziqikelele.
Kwakhona, uReagan ukwehlise ukucutha kweerhafu ngokunyuswa kweerhafu kwenye indawo. Wakhuphula irhafu yentlawulo yeNtlalo kunye neentlawulo zerhafu.
Wagweba amaninzi amaninzi.
Reagan unciphisa irhafu yerhafu yenkampani ukusuka kuma-46 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini. Kodwa isiphumo salolu phulo sasingacacanga. UReagan utshintshe unyango lwerhafu lwamatyala amaninzi amatsha. Ubunzima obuthetha ukuba iziphumo ezipheleleyo zeenguqu zayo zerhafu zazingenakulinganiswa.
Reagan kunye no kutywala
UReagan wayedumala ngokuqhubeka nokuqeda ulawulo lwexabiso le- Nixon -era. Baye banqanda ukulingana kwemali-mveliso ehlawulekayo okuya kuthintela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Reagan isuswe ulawulo kwioli kunye negesi, ithelevishini yekhebula kunye nenkonzo yefowuni ende. Uqhubela phambili ukurhoxisa inkonzo yangaphandle yebhasi kunye nokuthunyelwa kolwandle.
Ngowe-1982, uReagan waqhelisa ibhanki. I-Congress yadlula iGarn-St. I-Germain Depository Act. Isuse imimiselo kwimilinganiselo yemali-mboleko kwixabiso lokugcina imali kunye neebhanki zemboleko .
Isabelo sebhajethi sikaReagan sinciphise abasebenzi abalawulayo kwiBhodi yeBhanki yaseBhanki yaseBhanki yasekhaya. Ngenxa yoko, iibhanki zityalwe kwiindawo zokungena kwiindawo eziyingozi. Ukuncitshiswa kweReagan kunye nokwehliswa kohlahlo lwabiwo- mali kugaleleke kwingxaki yokulondoloza nokuboleka imali ngo-1989 . Inkxwaleko yahlutha ngo-1990.
UReagan wenza okuncinci ukunciphisa imimiselo echaphazela impilo, ukhuseleko kunye nokusingqongileyo. Enyanisweni, wanciphisa loo migaqo ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ulawulo lukaCarter lwenziwa.
Inzondelelo kaReagan yemarike yamahhala ayinakwandiswa kwizorhwebo ngamazwe ngamazwe . Kunoko, wakhupha izithintelo ezingeniso. UReagan kuphinda kabini inani lezinto ezixhomekeke kwimimiselo yezorhwebo ukusuka kuma-12 ekhulwini ngo-1980 ukuya kuma-23 ekhulwini ngo-1988.
IReagan ayizange iyancishise imali yokurhweba karhulumente
Ngaphandle kokukhankanywa kwendima ejongene nekarhulumente, uRagag wayengaphumelelanga njengoko wayesehlulwe intela. Ngethuba lokuqala kunyaka wakhe, wanqumla iiprogram zekhaya nge $ 39 billion. Kodwa wandisa imali yokuzikhusela ukuze aphumelele "uxolo ngamandla" ngokuchasene noKhomishini kunye neSoviet Union.
Wayephumelele ekupheliseni iMfazwe yeCold. Ngaloo nto wayethetha inqaku lakhe elidumileyo, "Mnu Gorbachev, sichitha le dongeni." Ukufezekisa ezi njongo, uRagag wonakalisa ukwandisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwama-35 ekhulwini.
URagag akazange anciphise ezinye iinkqubo zikaRhulumente. Wandisa i-Medicare. Ukhulise irhafu yokuhlawula i-tax to pay for the solvency of Social Security . Ngaphantsi kweReagan, iindleko zikaRhulumente zanda iipesenti ezi-2.5 ngonyaka.
Uhlahlo lwabiwo lokuqala lukaReagan lwalo nyaka wonyaka wee-1982. Njengoko isatshati esezantsi ibonakalisa, wenza iingcipheko ezinkulu ngonyaka ngamnye we-uongameli wakhe. Ngenxa yoko, unyaka ngamnye ityala liye landa. Ekupheleni kwemiqathango emibini kaReagan, ityala lelizwe liye laphindwa kabini.
| Unyaka ongaphelelanga | Ukusilela (ngeebhiliyoni) | Amatyala | Ukusilela / GDP | Iimpawu ezichaphazelekayo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | $ 74 | $ 908 | 2.6% | Ukubuyisela. I-Iran embargo. |
| 1981 | $ 79 | $ 998 | 2.4% | Ukunqunyulwa kwentlawulo yeReagan. |
| 1982 | $ 128 | $ 1,142 | 3.8% | Ibhajethi yokuqala yeReagan. |
| 1983 | $ 208 | $ 1,377 | 5.6% | |
| 1984 | $ 185 | $ 1,572 | 4.5% | Ukunyuswa kwemali yokukhusela. |
| 1985 | $ 212 | $ 1,823 | 4.8% | |
| 1986 | $ 221 | $ 2,125 | 4.8% | Ukunqunyulwa kweRhafu. |
| 1987 | $ 150 | $ 2,340 | 3.1% | NgoMvulo ngoMnyama |
| 1988 | $ 155 | $ 2,602 | 2.9% | Amaxabiso aphakanyisiweyo. |
| 1989 | $ 153 | $ 2,857 | 2.7% | Inkathazo ye-S & L. |
Ukubetha Imiphumo
UReagan wabamba iimoya zabavoti xa wathi, "Umngcipheko unobundlobongela njengendoda enqabileyo, njengokwesabisa njengomphangi oxhobileyo kunye nokufa njengendoda." Inani lokunyuka kwamaxabiso lalingama-12.5 ekhulwini ngo-1980, kunye ne-8.9 ekhulwini ngo-1981. Ngowe-1982, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwaba ngama-3.8 ekhulwini. Ixabiso lemali lihlala lingaphantsi kwama-5 ekhulwini kwiminyaka eseleyo kaMongameli weReagan.
Kodwa uReagan akakwazi ukuthatha iitaliti ngokulwa nokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Eya kuSihlalo we-Federal Reserve uPaul Volcker . Ngokukhawuleza wakhulisa isantya semali kwisondlo ukuya kuma-18 ekhulwini ngo-1980. Amazinga amanqanaba aphezulu athatyathelwa ngamaxabiso amabini, kodwa nawo akhupha umnotho.
IBhunga labacebisi bezoQoqosho
Ngexesha eliyiminyaka eyisibhozo, uRagag weza ebhodini abaninzi bezoqoqosho kwi- Council of Advisers . Amashishini amasha aquka iMurry Weidenbaum, uMartin Feldstein kunye noBeryl Sprinkel. IBhunga libandakanya uWilliam Niskanen, uJerry Jordan, uWilliam Poole, uThomas Gale Moore noMichael Mussa. UNiskanen wayengomnye wabasunguli beReaganomics . Abasebenzi bafaka umzuzwana weNobel Prize kunye nomlobi weNew York Times, uPoland Krugman kunye noProfesa waseHarvard uLarry Summers . Emva koko waba nguMlawuli kaMongameli we-Obama weBhunga loQoqosho loZwelonke.
Iminyaka Yokuqala kaReagan
URonald Reagan wazalwa ngoFebruwari 6, 1911. Wafumana isiGanga soBugcisa kwizoqoqosho kunye neentlalo kwi-Eureka College e-Illinois. Waba ngummemezeli wezemidlalo we-radiyo, ngoko umdlali weefilimu ezingama-53. Njengomongameli we-Screen Actors Guild, wabandakanyeka ekukhutsheni iCommunism kwicandelo lefilimu. Oko kwamshukumisela ukuba akhulise imbono yezopolitiko. Waba ngumphathiswa weTV kunye nomkhulumeli we-conservatism. Wayengumbusi waseCalifornia ukususela ngo-1966-1974.
Ngo-1980, uReagan wakhethwa njengomviwa weRiphabhliki. UGeorge HW Bush wayengumtyunjwa we-vice-president. UReagan watshaya uJimmy Carter ukuba abe nguMongameli we-40 we-United States.
Ezinye iinkqubo zooMongameli zoQoqosho
- UDonald Trump (2017 - 2021)
- UBarack Obama (2009 - 2017)
- UGeorge W. Bush (2001 - 2009)
- UBill Clinton (1993 - 2001)
- URichard Nixon (1969 - 1974)
- ULyndon B Johnson (1963 - 1969)
- UJohn F. Kennedy (ngo-1961 - 1963)
- UFranklin D. Roosevelt (1933 - 1945)
- Thelekisa iReagan kubo bonke abaMongameli baseRephabliki ukususela ngowe-1919