Iintlobo zengqesho

by Kimberly Amadeo

3 Iinkalo eziphambili ngakumbi 6 Ngaphezu - Ziziphi ezibi kakhulu?

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zokungasebenzi : izilungiso, ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokuhamba. Iibini zokuqala zenza isantya sokungabikho kwemisebenzi. Ukunyuka kweyesithathu xa ixabiso liwela, ngokuqhelekileyo ngexesha loqoqosho . Ezinye iicandelo zezoqoqosho zichaza ezininzi iintlobo ezintlanu zentswela-sebenzi, ezinjengexesha lonyaka kunye neklasiki.

Eli nqaku lisishwankathela iintlobo ezithoba zengqesho. Ukuqhagamshelana namanqaku athile amanqaku afakwe apha ukuba ungathanda ukufunda ngaphezulu. Kwakhona ufumanisa indlela ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kulinganiswa ngayo, kwaye kutheni ezinye iingcali zithi azibamba inqanaba lokungasebenzi. Funda indlela ukungasebenzi kwe-US kuye kwatshintsha ngayo ixesha.

01 Ukungasebenzi kwemvelo

Kuza kuhlala kusekho isantya sokungasebenzi, kwimeko yoqoqosho olusempilweni.

Inqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu lokungabikho kwemisebenzi lalingama-2.5 ekhulwini, emva nje kweMfazwe yaseKorea . Le yintlupheko yezoqoqosho eyakhawuleza yaholela ekutyekeni kwemali. Yingakho isantya sokungabikho kwemisebenzi esiyi-4.5 ukuya kuma-5.0 sepesenti isilathisi esinempilo.

Ukungasebenzi kwezemvelo kubandakanya ezimbini zeentlobo eziphambili zokungasebenzi: ukulungelelaniswa kunye nezakhiwo.

02 Ukungabikho komsebenzi

Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwabasebenzi basemsebenzini xa abasebenzi bephuma emisebenzini yabo emidala kodwa bengabatholanga amatsha. Uninzi lwexesha abasebenzi bahamba ngokuzithandela, nokuba bafuna ukuhamba, okanye bagcine imali eyaneleyo yokuba bavumeleke ukuba bafune umsebenzi olungcono.

Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi yengqesho kuyenzeka xa abafundi befuna loo msebenzi wokuqala, okanye xa oomama bebuyela emsebenzini. Kwakhona kwenzeka xa abasebenzi bexoshwa okanye, kwezinye iimeko, baqeshwe ngenxa yezizathu ezithile zoshishino, ezifana nokuvalwa kwesityalo.

Ukungasebenzi kwexesha elifutshane lixesha elifutshane kunye nenxalenye yemvelo yenkqubo yokukhangela umsebenzi. Enyanisweni, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kulungele uqoqosho, njengoko kuvumela abasebenzi ukuba baye emisebenzini apho banokuvelisa khona.

03 Ukungasebenzi kwezakhiwo

Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kungaphantsi kweemeko ezenzekayo kwezoqoqosho ezidala ukungalingani phakathi kwabasebenzi bezakhono kunye nezakhono ezifuneka ngabaqeshi.

Umzekelo xa i-shishini livutha abasebenzi bomatshini kwaye liyifakela ngamarobhothi. Abasebenzi kufuneka bafunde indlela yokulawula iirobhothi ezithatha indawo yazo. Abo bangadingi ukuhlaziywa kweminye imisebenzi okanye baya kujongana nokungasebenzi kweminyaka emide.

Ukudlulela kwexesha elide kudala kudala ukungasebenzi kwemisebenzi. Ukuba abasebenzi bahlala bengasebenzanga ixesha elide, izakhono zabo sele ziphelelwe yisikhathi. Ngaphandle kokuba bazimisele kwaye banako ukuthatha inqanaba eliphantsi, umsebenzi ongenalwazi, banokuhlala bengasebenzi ngaphandle kokuba uqoqosho lubuyiselwe. Ukuba oko kwenzeka, ukungaqeshwa kwemisebenzi kubangele izinga eliphezulu lokungabikho kwemisebenzi.

04 Inkqubo yokungasebenzi

Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kungengxenye yezinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi. Kubangelwa isigaba sokuqhawulwa komjikelo . Yilapho imfuno yeempahla kunye neenkonzo ziwela ngokukhawuleza, ukuphoqelela amabhankini ukuba anqande inani elikhulu labasebenzi ukuze banciphise iindleko.

Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kudala ukudala ukungasebenzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba abasebenzi abashiyiweyo banemali encinci yokuthenga izinto abayidingayo, ukunciphisa imfuno.

Ukungenelela kukaRhulumente, ngendlela yolawulo lwemali engaphezulu kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali, kuyafuneka ukuba unqande ukuhla. Emva kokuhlaselwa kwemakethi ye - stock market ka-1929 , urhulumente akazange angene ngokukhawuleza. Oku kwakhokelela ekudakaleni okukhulu, okwadlulayo iminyaka engama-10 kwaye kukhokelela kwi-25 yepesenti yokungabikho kwemisebenzi.

05 Ukungasebenzi kwexesha elide

Ukungaqeshwa kwexesha elide kwenzeka kwabo bafuna umsebenzi ngokugqithiseleyo kwiiveki ezingama-27. Iziphumo ziphazamisekile. Abaqashi abaninzi bajonga umntu okhangele ixesha elide. Iindleko zemvakalelo nezemali zingonakalisa kakhulu. Ngokudabukisayo, ipesenteji ephezulu yabasebenzi abangenaqeshini bawela kuloluhlu kunaphambi kokuba kubekho ingxaki okanye ngaphambili.

06 Ukungabi sebenzi

Ukungaqeshwa kwabangempela akuyona enye yeentlobo zokungasebenzi, kodwa lixesha ofuna ukuliqonda. Uninzi lwabantu lubonisa ukuba endaweni yesigqeba "sokusesikweni" sokungabikho kwemisebenzi, kufuneka sisebenzise elinye izinga elibalwe yi-BLS. Le nqanaba libizwa ngokuba yi-" real" yokungena kwemisebenzi , kwaye isebenzisa inkcazelo ebanzi yokungasebenzi. Ngokwenqanaba lokungabikho kwemisebenzi, i-BLS iquka ezi zigaba zintathu:

Ukuqhotyoshelwe ngokukhawuleza ngabantu abangakhange bafune umsebenzi kwiiveki ezine ezidlulileyo, kodwa bakhangele kunyaka owedlule. Eli candelo libandakanya:
Abasebenzi abaphazamisekeyo ngabo bayeke ukukhangela umsebenzi.
Abasebenzi bexesha lesithuba abangathanda umsebenzi wexesha elizeleyo.

Abanye abantu bathi inqanaba lokungabikho kwemisebenzi ngexesha lokunyuka kwemali lalingama-2008 laliphezulu njengamazinga eepesenti ezingama-25 ngexesha loKuPhukisa kweNdlu. Kodwa oku akunjalo. Isilinganiso "sangempela" esingu-U-6 sifike kuma-17.5 ekhulwini ngo-Oktobha 2009, ukuphakama kokungabikho kwemisebenzi kwintengo enkulu.

07 Ukungasebenzi kwexesha

Ezinye izinto ziquka ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwangexesha lonyaka njengoluhlobo lwesine lokungasebenzi. Inxalenye yentlupheko yengqesho.

Njengoko igama layo litsho, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwangexesha lonyaka kubangelwa utshintsho oluqhelekileyo kwangexesha. Abasebenzi abachaphazelekayo ngentswela-sebenzi bonyaka baquka abasebenzi base-resort, abaqeqeshi be-ski kunye nabagcini be-ice cream. Ingabandakanya abantu abavuna izityalo. Abasebenzi bokwakha bayabalwa ebusika, kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Abasebenzi besikolo nabo bangaqwalaselwa njengabasebenzi bexesha.

I-BLS ayilinganisi ukungasebenzi kweminyaka. Kunoko, ilungisa ukulinganiswa kokungabikho kwemisebenzi ukulawula iziganeko zonyaka. Oku kunika ukuqikelelwa okuchanekileyo kwezinga lokungaqeshwa.

08 Unemployment Classical

Ukungaphangeli kwemisebenzi kukwaziwa nangokuthi "ukungaqeshwa kwemisebenzi ngokwenene" okanye "ukungasebenzi kwemisebenzi." Xa umvuzo uphezulu kunemithetho yokubonelela kunye nokufunwa kwemfuneko ngokuqhelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuvela kwiimeko ezintathu:

Iimanyano zixoxisana nemirholo ephezulu kunye neenzuzo.
Iikontraka zexesha elide zibeka umvuzo ophakamileyo kakhulu ngenxa yokunciphisa umnotho.
URhulumente ubeka umvuzo omncinci ophezulu kakhulu.

Isiphumo kukuba iinkampani kufuneka zihlawule ngaphezulu komsebenzi ngamnye, ngoko banako ukufumana abasebenzi abambalwa. Abo baqeshwe yixhoba lokungasebenzi emsebenzini.

09 Ukunyuswa kwemisebenzi

Abasebenzi abangasebenziyo baneemisebenzi, kodwa asebenzisanga ngokupheleleyo kwisakhono sabo okanye isakhono sezinga. Oku kubandakanya abo basebenza ixesha elide kodwa banokukhetha imisebenzi yesikhathi esigcwele kunye nabo basebenzayo kwimisebenzi apho bengasetyenziswanga. Ukunyuswa kwemisebenzi kubangelwa kubangelwa kwemisebenzi. Ngexesha loqoqosho, abasebenzi abangasebenziyo baya kuthatha oko banokukwazi ukufikelela kwiziphumo.

Ezinye iinkcazo zokungabikho komsebenzi ziquka ukungasebenzi. Amanye aquka iindawo zoluntu ezingabandakanywa kwinkcazo ephantsi yokungasebenzi kodwa zibalwa kwizinga langempela lokungasebenzi. Ngako oko, ukuqonda ukunyuswa kwemisebenzi kunceda ukufumana umfanekiso omkhulu wokungasebenzi.