Ziziphi iimpahla?
Ehlabathini lezinto eziphathekayo, ezi zinto zixhobo zokurhweba kwiifashi ezahlukeneyo. Zonke ziqala ngeemarike zenyama. Umgqomo weoli, ibha yegolide , inqwelo yeloli yengqolowa okanye i-soybean, isikhwama sekofu okanye intloko yeenkomo ziyimimiselo yezinto ezisemzimbeni ezisemgangathweni. Ngaphandle kwezi zinto eziphathekayo, zonke izinto ezithengiswayo isisiseko-isixhobo esinomlinganiselo obonisa ukubaluleka kwe-asethi enzima, into leyo. Ukuthengiswa kwezinto eziphathekayo ngokuqhelekileyo kubakho phakathi kwabavelisi, abathengisi kunye nabathengi bokugqibela kwiimarike ezininzi zexabiso. Nangona kunjalo, kwimarike efumanayo apho abacebisi, abatyali-mali, arbitrageurs kunye namanye amaqela anomdla azisa ukuthengiswa kwezi zinto. Cinga ngeemarike zemveliso njengepiramidi. Eyona nto iphezulu i-asethi ngokwabo-ingezantsi zivela kwiimveliso.
Inqanaba elilandelayo le piramidi yobuncwane yi-market-over-the-counter (OTC). Iiphambi kunye ne-swaps ziyi-principle-to-principle, ngokuqhelekileyo zixhobo ezizinzileyo, kodwa kunjalo; abakwaziyo kwaye banokukwenza ngokuphindaphindiweyo bavumele ukuhanjiswa kwezinto eziphathekayo zexabiso lempahla. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwipiramidi yiyo iikontrakthi zexesha elizayo kunye nezokukhetha ezo zorhwebo.
Ezi zivumelwano zivumela iqela elibanzi kunye neliqela labathathi-nxaxheba beemarike ukuba banomdla, okanye isikhundla, kwintengo yokuhamba kwemveliso. Inqanaba elilandelayo lepiramidi liqukethe i- ETF kunye ne-ETN eyenzelwe ukulinganisa ixabiso lentengo kwiimpahla abazifunayo ukuba zimele.
Yintoni Ubutyebi kwizinto eziphathekayo?
Xa kuziwa kwizinto eziphathekayo, izinto eziphathekayo ezahlukeneyo zinikeza ama-degrees ahlukeneyo ekuthengisweni kwemali kumathathi-nxaxheba. Ukuhlolisisa amanye amacandelo eemveliso zamanzi kunye namancinci amancinci kunye neemarike ezithile ziya kusinceda siqonde umgaqo-mali.
- Isinyithi esibalulekileyo: insimbi eyigugu kakhulu yintsimbi. Oku kungenxa yokuba igolide yintsimbi exabisekileyo kunye nomlinganiselo omkhulu wokuthengisa. Izabelo zeGolide kwimarike yangokwenyama kwaye ithengisa kwi-OTC phambili kwaye itshintshe iimakethi. Kukho ikhefu lexesha elizayo kunye neendlela zokukhetha ukutshintshiselana kunye ne-ETF kunye ne-ETN kwimveliso yesinyithi. Ezinye izitye ezixabisekileyo zinexabiso elithile. Khawuqwalasele enye insimbi enqabileyo, i-rhodium. I-Rhodium kuphela kwezohwebo kwimarike yomzimba; Ngoko ke, igolide yimbi kakhulu kune-rhodium kuba ayikho i-rhodium izayo.
- Amandla: mhlawumbi izinto ezithengiswa ngokuthe gabalala kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo kwihlabathi ioli. Nangona kunjalo, enye imveliso yamandla, amalahle ayinakudityanisela kumlinganiselo okanye ngeemveliso ezininzi njengamafutha angcolileyo. Ngako oko, ioli engcolileyo iyamanzi ngaphezu kwamalahle.
Le mizekelo emibini yezinto eziphathekayo ngaphakathi kwecandelo elifanayo elinamaqondo ahlukeneyo. Kukho imizekelo kuwo onke amacandelo amakhulu kuquka ezinye izinyithi, amandla, iinkozo, iimveliso ezithambileyo kunye neeprotheni zezilwanyana okanye inyama. Ukuze kuhlukaniswe phakathi kweemarike zemveliso ezikhoyo kunye nezinto ezingekho, iimfuno ezithile ziyimfuneko ukuchaza imarike njengamanzi. Ezi mfuneko ziquka ngokubanzi impawu elandelayo:
- Kufuneka kubekho indawo esebenzayo okanye imali ephantsi kweemarike kwimveliso yenyama.
- Kufuneka kube ngabathengi abaninzi kunye nabathengisi-abathengisi, abacwanisi, abatyala-mali kunye nabanye.
- Kufuneka kubekho indlela yokuhanjiswa evulekileyo, evulekileyo kunye engenakucalula.
- Kufuneka kubekho ulwalamano oluchanekileyo phakathi kwe-derivative kunye nezinto eziphathekayo.
- Kufuneka kubekho indlela yokutshintshisiswa kwempahla yemali kunye nesiphumo.
- Kufuneka kubekho ukuguqulwa kwexabiso lemali kunye namaxabiso abonisa ukuhanjiswa kwexesha elizayo emva kwexesha.
Kutheni Kubalulekile Ukuba Ubutyebi?
Iimarike zexesha elizayo ziye zaphumelela ekutsaleni ukuthengiswa kwempahla kuba zidibana nazo zonke ezi mpawu. Xa kuziwa kwizinto eziphathekayo, umntu unokulinganisa ukuthengiswa kweemveliso ezithile ngokuza kuhlola imihla ngemihla yokurhweba kunye nomdla ovulekile, inani lezikhundla ezivulekileyo kodwa ezingavumelekanga ezide kunye nezifutshane. Umthamo ophezulu kunye nomdla ovulekileyo, ukwandisa ngakumbi itengiso.
Ubutyebi bubalulekile kuzo zonke iimpahla, ngakumbi iimveliso. Ubutyebi buqinisekisa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bemarike bakwazi ukuthenga nokuthengisa ngokulula. Oku kubangalisa abaqapheli kunye nabarhwebi kwiimarike. I-market illiquid iyancipha ibe yinto engaphephekanga ngakumbi kunombane. Mhlawumbi into ebaluleke kakhulu yobutyebi kukuba iyanciphisa iindleko zokurhweba okanye utyalo-mali. Xa ucinga ukutyalomali kwizinto eziphathekayo, okanye nayiphi na iklasi ye-asethi yaloo nto, qiniseka ukuba ukhethe izixhobo zamanzi ukuze ukwazi ukuthenga nokuthengisa ngaphandle kweengxaki kunye neendleko ezincinci ngokubhekiselele ekusebenziseni. Ixabiso limela iindleko zokuthenga nokuthengisa ii-asethi ezininzi zamanzi kunye nesondlo esinyanisiweyo / isondlo esasasazekayo xa kuthengiswa iimarike ezingekho phantsi kwamanani phakathi kokuthengwa nokuthengisa amaxabiso kubakho ukunyuka kweendleko zokunyuka okubanzi.