Ukuveliswa kwe-Ethanol
Ukuveliswa kwe-ethanol yinkqubo yokukhipha ushukela kwimizi . I-Ethanol yipetroli yokutshisa xa ifaniswa ne-petroli eyenza imoto yemoto kunye nezinye iinjini.
Iproduct yemveliso ye-ethanol ingasetyenziselwa ukondla izilwanyana. Inkqubo yokuhlenga i-ethanol iprotein yeprothini kwaye idibanisa ixabiso lokutya kwezilwanyana. I nyaniso yokuba kukho ukusetyenziswa kwizinto eziseleyo ekuveliseni i-ethanol kunciphisa intlawulo yezilwanyana zezilwanyana ngenxa yokuba inkozo echitshiweyo inokusetyenziswa kabini kunesinye.
Ihlabathi lifuna amandla amaninzi imihla ngemihla, ngoko i-ethanol sele ibalulekile kwi-biofuel e-United States nakwihlabathi jikelele. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba i-gallon ye-ethanol ivelisa amaphesenti angama-33 ukuya kuma-67 ekhulwini kwamandla kunokuba kuthatha ukuvelisa i-gallon ye-ethanol, ngoko ke i-fuel efficiency. Uqikelelo oluphakamileyo luvela kwimithombo efana ne- USDA enokuthi inomdla onikwe inxaxheba ekukhuthazeni i-ethanol esekelwe kwimizi e-US inikwe izibophelelo zabo kwicandelo lezolimo.
Nangona i-ethanol ibonakala ikhiqiza amandla amaninzi kunokuba ithatha ukukhula ingqolowa iphinde iyiguqulele kwi-ethanol, isenza amandla okuvelisa i-biofuel.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba i-ethanol inemilinganiselo engama-20 ukuya kuma-30 eepesenti ngaphantsi kwe-petroliyali, eyenza ibe yindawo ekhangayo kunye nenempilo enokusingqongileyo. Enye ingxaki nge-ethanol yiphumo layo kwintengo yengqolowa ngamanye amaxesha.
Iimpawu Zemarike ze-Ethanol
Phantse i-40 ekhulwini yengqolowa eveliswayo e-US isetyenziswa ekuveliseni i-ethanol.
Inombolo enkulu ecinga ukuba i-US iyona mveliso mkhulu wegesi. I-USDA iqikelele ukuba iipesenti ezingama-36 zeemfuno zengqolowa ukusuka ngo-2012 ukuya ku-2021 ziya ku-ethanol. Imfuno ye-ethanol inefuthe ngqo kwixabiso lentengo.
Amaxabiso ommbila aphakathi kwama-2.50 engama-1980 nama-1990, kodwa izinto zatshintsha ukususela ngowama-2000 xa ukuveliswa kwe-ethanol kwanyuka. Ukususela ngoko kukho kubekho iindleko ezinkulu kwiingqolowa, kunye nokuthengiswa kwexabiso ukuya kumaxesha onke aphakamileyo ngo-2011 kwaye enye yexabiso lokuxabisa yayibangelwa yimfuno ye-ethanol esekelwe ngqolowa.
Amanani emgodini awanamanzi, kwaye ngoko ke amaxabiso eoli neyegesi, kodwa kukho iingxabano ezithi i-ethanol iye yachaphazela nexabiso leoli kunye neoli. Phantse iipesenti ezili-10 zepetroli ezizalisa iitanki zethu ze-ethanol. Ukuba i-petroli, imveliso yepetroleum, ayinayo i-ethanol, ixabiso leoli liyakwandisa, kwaye ixabiso lepetrol liya kuba liphezulu. Ekubeni ingqolowa kunye nepetroli zombini izinto eziguquguqukayo, ukuguquka kwentengo kwiimarike enye kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo enye inikezelo phakathi kwenkozo kunye nemveliso yepetroleum.
I-Ethanol kunye neNkxaso-mali
Abavelisi baka-Ethanol bafumana inkxaso-mali yokunika inkxaso engama-45 engama-gallon ye-ethanol eyenziwa ngaphambi ko-2012.
Nangona kunjalo, kwakungekho nciphiso ekuveliseni i-ethanol emva kwaloo nyaka. Kuqhubeka kube nenxaxheba enkulu kwingxoxo malunga ne-ethanol efunekayo karhulumente kwi-petroli kunye nenkxaso yenkxaso yenkomo kwi-biofuel e-US
Isigqibo kwi-Ethanol
Kukho amacala amabini kwiingxoxo ze-ethanol. Ngesinye isandla, i-ethanol yipetroli yokutshisa i-petroleum, kwaye iyanciphisa intlawulo yegesi kwiipompo ngokude nje ukuba ixabiso lentengo liphantsi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isixa sembewu esisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-ethanol iyimpembelelo kubo bonke abathengi. Ixabiso lembombo liphezulu kunokuba lingaba ngaphandle kwemfuneko ye-ethanol.
Abalimi abavelisa ummbila baya kubaluleka ngakumbi kunanini na ukucinga ukuba ihlabathi lijongene nokuntuleka okukhulu kokutya kwikamva. I-Ethanol isoloko ibalulekile i-biofuel eyona mveliso yengqolowa e-United States.
Amandla acocekileyo ngenye yezizathu eziphambili zokunyuka kwe-ethanol, kodwa kukho ezinye iindlela ezifana negesi yendalo , amandla elanga kunye nomoya ahlambulukileyo kunokuba i-petroleum kunye nezixazululo zendalo.
I-Ethanol igunya kunye nezopolitiki
I-Ethanol inesihloko sezopolitiko kakhulu eUnited States xa kuthethwa ngokugunyazwa njengesongezelelo se-petroli. Kukho ukuhluka kwegunya ngokuxhomekeke kulophi iqela lezopolitiko, iDemokhrasi okanye iRiphabhlikhi inamandla phezu kwexesha. Enye into ekuqinisekileyo, inzuzo yendalo yendalo ye-ethanol iya kuhlala iyinhloko yempikiswano kwi-Ethanol yase-US nayo ibaluleke kakhulu kwimithombo yamanzi kwezinye iintlanga. EBrazil , umkhiqizi omkhulu wehlabathi we-sugar cane, i-ethanol esekelwe ishukela ibalulekile kwi-biofuel enamandla amakhulu emotweni.