EUnited States naseTshayina, kukho ezimbini izityalo zengqolowa zonyaka - ingqolowa yengqolowa kunye nengqolowa ebusika. Iingxelo zengqolowa zasebusika malunga neyesithathu-yesine yentengo ye-US.
I-North Dakota ibhalela ngaphezu kwengxenye yazo yonke ingqolowa yase-US. Amazwe amakhulu okuvelisa ngqolowa yasebusika yiKansas, eTexas naseWashington.
Ixesha lexesha lokutshala kunye nokuvunwa kwezityalo zengqolowa ehlabathini lonke kwiintlanga ezivelisa ngokutsha zibhalwe ngezantsi:
- I-United States (iipesenti ezili-8 zomveliso wehlabathi)
Ubusika busika:
Ukutyala : Ukutshala kweengqolowa zasebusika kwenzeka ukususela ngo-Agasti ukuya ku-Oktobha.
Ukuvuna : Ukuvunwa kwengqolowa yasebusika kwenzeka ukususela phakathi koMeyi ukuya phakathi koJulayi.
Isikolo seSwitzerland:
Ukutyala : Ukutyala kokolweni yengqolowa kuvela ngo-Ephreli ngoMeyi.
Ukuvuna : Ukuvunwa kwengqolowa ye-spring kwenzeka ukusuka phakathi kuka-Agasti ukuya phakathi koSeptemba. - I-China (iipesenti ezili-18 zomveliso wehlabathi)
Ubusika busika:
Ukutyala : Ukulima kweengqolowa zasebusika kwenzeka ukususela ngo-Septemba ukuya ku-Oktobha. Ukuvuna : Ukuvunwa kweengqolowa zasebusika kwenzeka ukususela ngo-Meyi ukuya ngoJuni.
Isikolo seSwitzerland:
Ukutyala : Ukutyala kokolweni yengqolowa kwenzeka ukusuka phakathi kuka-Matshi ukuya ku-Epreli.
Ukuvuna : Ukuvunwa kwengqolowa ye-spring kwenzeka ukusuka phakathi kuka-Julayi ukuya phakathi ko-Agasti.
Isiko: Uninzi lwezopolitiko kwiLizwe
Ingqolowa mhlawumbi yinto ephambili yezopolitiko kwihlabathi kuba iyona isithako esisisiseko kwisonka esisisiseko, isinkwa. Ngelixa iUnited States ngumlimi omkhulu kunazo zonke kunye nomthengisi wezityalo kunye neeseybe , ukuveliswa kwengqolowa kuvela kuzo zonke iindawo zomhlaba.
Ngoxa i-China kunye ne-US ngabavelisi abakhulu kwi-European Union, e-Indiya, e-Russia, eCanada, ePakistan, e-Australia, e-Ukraine naseKazakhstan nabo babalulekile kubakhi beenkozo ezigqityiweyo emhlabeni wonke.
Inani labemi belizwe lonke liye landa kumawaka amva nje lenze ukuba ukwanda kweengqolowa kufuneke. Ngo-1960, kwakukho abantu abayizigidi ezigidi ezintathu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo-2016, kukho imilomo engaphezu kwe-7.32 yezigidi zokutya, unyaka wonke ihlabathi idinga isinkwa esingaphezulu, kwaye oku kwandisa imfuno yehlabathi yengqolowa. Yilo ncoko yendima yayo njengempahla yezopolitiko.
Ngaphandle kwembali, ukunyuka kwexabiso lesonka okanye ukungabikho kokufumaneka kuye kwaba yimbangela yokuvukela umbuso. AmaFrentshi, kunye nezinye iinguqulelo ezibalulekileyo kunye nezinguquko zezopolitiko, zaqala ngenxa yokunqongophala kwesonka. Okudlulileyo nje, i-Arab Spring ka-2010 yaqala njengesiphumo esisisiseko sezonkwa zesitya eTinisia naseYiputa kwaye isasazeka ngaphesheya kweMiddle East. Abantu abalambileyo baxhomekeke kwisonka bangabangela utshintsho olukhulu kuluntu noorhulumente, kwaye yingako ikolweni ikwenza indima ebalulekileyo kwihlabathi.
Uninzi lweeNdawo ezahlukeneyo zengqolowa
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zengqolowa ezikhulayo emhlabeni jikelele. Umxholo weprotheni ngqolowa unokuhluka, kwaye iintlobo ezithile zeengqolowa zilungele ukwenza isinkwa, kanti ezinye zilungele i-pasta, iigwele, ii-cookies, izityalo kunye nezinye izidlo ezidliwayo emhlabeni jikelele.
Unyaka ngamnye, imozulu iyona miselo oyintloko wokunikezela ngqolowa.
Kwiminyaka apho ukunikezelwa kwempahla kunqabile ukufunwa, iimpahla zikhula, kwaye ixabiso liye linciphise. Kwiminyaka apho ukuveliswa kwezityalo kuhlaselwa ngenxa yeemeko zemozulu ezingahambiyo, iimpahla zingabanqongophala, kwaye ixabiso liphakama. Ngo-2008, intengo yengqolowa ebandakanywe kwicandelo le-CBOT ye- CME yaphakama ukuya kwixesha eliphakamileyo lika-13.345 kwi-bushel njengoko imeko yesomiso zinciphisa ubukhulu bezityalo zehlabathi.
Ezi xabiso eziphezulu zaholela ekuvukeleni kwama-Arab Spring. Ingqolowa iphinde iphelelwe phezulu ngo-2012 xa esinye isomlo senza ukuba ixabiso lexabiso lenyuke phezulu kwi-9.4725. Ukususela ngoko izityalo zonyaka ziye zanelisekile ukwenelisa ihlabathi jikelele. Ngonyaka we-2016, ingqolowa isetyenzisile ixesha elingaphantsi kwe-$ 5 ngebhasi kunye neefriji zenyuka ukurekhoda amanqanaba.
Unyaka ngamnye yiNtshukumo entsha
Unyaka ngamnye i-adventure entsha kwiimarike zengqolowa njengoko kukuthengwa ngabantu abaninzi emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukukhula kwabemi kuye kwabangela ukuba umhlaba uxhomekeke kwizityalo ezikhulayo ngonyaka ngamnye kuba kukho rhoqo inani elinyukayo lomlomo lokutya. Nangona ingqolowa inokuhlala kwindawo yokugcinwa kwexesha, kodwa ayinayo i-shelf engenamkhawulo njengeminye imveliso ezifana neyesinyithi, amandla kunye namaminerali. Emva kwexesha, ingqolowa nezinye izityalo zokulima ziyahlakala kwaye zibola. Ingqolowa inokulahlekelwa ngumxholo weprotheni ukuba ibanjwe ekugcineni ixesha elide.
Ingqolowa iyayikhathalela utshintsho kwixabiso le- dollar yase - US . Njengoko i-US ingumthengisi omkhulu weengqolowa kwiimarike zehlabathi, i-dollar ephezulu yenza ingqolowa ibe yindleko kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye iyanciphisa umfuno wekolweni yengqolowa yase-US.
Nangona kunjalo, i-dollar ephantsi iyakuthi ikhuthaze ukuthumela ngaphandle kwe-Bolweni lase-US kukutya okubaluleke kakhulu kwiimarike ezizayo kwi-US Yonke iqala ngexesha lokutshala kwaye ixesha lokuvuna eliza kwihlabathi linengcamango enhle ukuba kuya kuba neleyo ukondla uluntu jikelele olusakhulayo.
Unyaka ngamnye, intengo yengqolowa ngumsebenzi wesayizi esiphezulu sesityalo e-United States. Impahla, okanye i-carryover, ukusuka kwiminyaka yesityalo esandula, nayo inokuchaphazela intengo yengqolowa. Ikhudlwana i-carryover yiyo, ubuncinci bokuba ixabiso lembombo liya kuxabisa.
Iimpahla ezinkulu zezinto eziphathekayo kwimeko yokunyuka. Nangona kunjalo, xa kunikezelwa izinto ezincinci, ilahleko iyakhula kwaye xa izigcino zingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nokufuna ukuba intengo yengqolowa ikhule ngokukhawuleza. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokungena kwinqanaba elona hlobo lonyaka wengqolowa. Ixesha elincomekayo kakhulu lixesha phakathi kokutyala kunye nokuvuna xa kukho ukungaqiniseki okukhulu kunokwakheka kwesityalo.
Emva kweminyaka emine eqondekileyo yeengqolowa ezinobunzima emhlabeni wonke, ukutshala kweengqolowa zasebusika eUnited States ngexesha lobusika ka-2016-2017 kwakukho ngaphantsi kwekhulu leminyaka, ukususela ngo-1909. Ukuba iimpahla zinciphisa ukolweni ngaphezu kwexesha lika-2017 ubukhulu isityalo singabangela uxinzelelo olusisigxina kwimali yengqolowa ethetha ukuba ixabiso lezonka emhlabeni jikelele lingasuka phezulu.