IQumrhu leQumrhu eliPhambili lokuTshintshiselwa kweHlabathi
1848 Ukubuyela kwixesha elizayo
Ngowe-1848, utshintsho lokuqala lwexesha elizayo kwihlabathi, i-Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) yavula iingcango zayo.
I-CBOT yaphatha ezininzi iimveliso zezolimo. Abavelisi (abalimi) kunye nabathengi bakwazi ukusebenzisa ukutshintshiselwa ukutshixa okanye ukuhlawula ixabiso lentengo yezolimo. Kuze kube ngowe-1968, i-CME / i-CBOT yayithengisa kuphela iimveliso zezolimo eziquka ukutya okunjengommbila, i- soybean kunye nengqolowa nemfuyo ezifana neenkomo kunye ne- hogs . Ngomnyaka we-1969, i-CBOT yaqalisa isivumelwano sayo sokuqala esingekho kwezolimo ngesilivere. Ngomnyaka we-1972, i-CME yavelisa izivumelwano zemali ezisixhenxe zamanye amazwe. Emva koko ngo-1975, i-CBOT iqalise isivumelwano sekhredithi yokuqala kwi-Government National Mortgage Association Bonds.
Mhlawumbi inkontileka enkulu yenkxaso enkulu yehlabathi kunye neyona ntengo ye-Eurodollar, inzala ka-1981 kwi-CME. Ngowe-1982, i-CME yaqalisa izivumelwano zorhwebo kwi-stock index index. Kuze kube ngu-1987 zonke iindawo zokurhweba ezizayo zazizikhalazo ezivulekile kwaye zenziwe kwiimpahla zokuthengisa. Abahwebi babeza kujikeleza ngesangqa kwisithuba esikhethiweyo kumgangatho weshintshaniso othiwa ukuthenga umgodi nokuthengisa kwabo kunye nabaxhasi.
Ngowe-1987, i-CME yaba nguvulindlela wokuthengisa ngekhampani ngokusebenzisa i-platform ye-GLOBEX. Le teknoloji entsha yavumela umthengi kunye nomthengisi ukuba atshintshe ngekhomputha ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umthengisi womgangatho kwisitya sempahla. Kwakwandisa ubude beeyure zokurhweba.
Utshintsho luya kuLuntu
I-CME isoloko iphule umhlaba omtsha, kwaye ngo-2002, utshintshiselwano lwaba ngowokuqala utshintshiselwano lwe-US ukuba luqhutywe ngorhwebo kunye nenkampani efakwe ohlwini.
Isitokhwe se-CME saqala ukuthengisa kwiNew York Stock Exchange. Nangona ii-CBOT kunye ne-CME zihlala zihlukeneyo kude kube ngo-2006, ezo zimbini zidibeneyo zihlanganiswe phantsi kwegama le-CME ngo-2007. I-CME, njengenkampani kawonkewonke, yaqhuba inkqubo enobudlova yokufumana enye i-future exchange exchange. Ngomnyaka we-2008, i-CME yazuza i-New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) ene-COMEX, eyona nto yamandla amakhulu kunye nexabiso elizayo lezitshixo ezizayo kwihlabathi. I-CME iyaqhubeka nokwandisa kwaye ikhangele izinto ezintsha. Kungekudala, ngo-2012 bafumana iBhodi yeZorhwebo yaseKansas.
Ukuhlanganiswa kweempahla ezahlukeneyo phantsi kwe-ambulula ye-CME kuye kwadala ubutyebi obukhulu bezinga. Isicwangciso esikhulu sokucima i-CME kunye ne-GLOBEX yelizwe jikelele, iqonga le-elektroniki le-CME elisebenza ngokubanzi malunga neeholide kwiintsuku zoshishino, lenze i-mega-commodities exchange exchange share share on a number of products. I-CME ineofisi ehlabathini lonke, inika iinkonzo zemfundo kwaye ihlala kwimodi yokufumana.
IKhomishini yoThengiso lwezoThutho zoThengiselo
IKhomishini yokuThengiswa kweeNkxaso zeeMveliso (CFTC) ilawula i-CME njengeMakethe yeMvumelwano yeContrakthi (DCM). Ngaloo ndlela, i-CME ineembopheleleko ezithile zokuzilawula.
Iikhontrakthi zexesha elizayo zixhobo zokusebenza. I-CME ilawula izivumelwano ezizigidi ezi-3 ngonyaka zibiza i-dollar 1 quadrillion ngokusekelwe kwimibiko yenkampani yakutshanje. Ukutshintshiselwa kukubonelela ngemarike yabathengi kunye nabathengisi, ukuhlanganisa amaziko, iinkampani kunye nabantu ngabanye kwimimandla engabonakaliyo ukulawula okanye ukwamukela umngcipheko wexabiso. Abathathi-nxaxheba beemarike baquka abavelisi, abathengi, abahwebi, abacebisi, abatyala-mali, arbitrageurs kunye nayiphi na iqela elinqwenelayo ukuthatha okanye ukudlulisela umngcipheko wexabiso kwimveliso enikezelwa nguchitshintshi. Emva kokugqithiswa kwe-Dodd-Frank Act, i-CME iphinda icocise ukuthengiselana ngokuthengiselana kwamashishini ngendlela yokucoca kwayo njengokuba i- IntercontinentalExchange .
Xa amaqela avumelana ngentengo yokuhambisa iikontraki ze-CME, indlu yokucoca itshintshiso iya kuba yintsebenziswano kwiintengo zombini kunye nomthengisi kwaye ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukusebenza.
Idlulisela umngcipheko wesikweletu kumalungu atshintshwe ngokwawo. I-CME ilawula ukusebenza komntu ngamnye kunye nomngcipheko weentengo zabathengi kunye nabathengisi ngeendlela zokuhamba .
Enye yezinye iinkonzo ezinikezelwa yi-CME kukuba zibonelela ngeenkcukacha. Ukutshintshisana kunembali enkulu yemali yedatha yazo zonke iimveliso ezinikezela ngokuthengisa. Idatha ibandakanya amanani ayenene, ukusuka phezulu ukuya kwezantsi ukuya kwimihla yokuthengisa nganye. Ukutshintshiselwa kwakhona kugcina idatha malunga nomthamo weemvumelwano ezithengiswayo kunye nomdla ovulekileyo. Vula inzala iyonke inani lezikhundla ezide kunye ezimfutshane kodwa zivuliwe kodwa zingavaliwe.
I-CME inexabiso lemali yeemarike ezingama-28.73 yezigidigidi ngoJanuwari 20, 2015.