I-Ethanol igama lekhemikhali ye-ethyl yotywala. I-Ethanol iyimveliso ye-biofuel eyenziwe kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo. I-95% ye-petroli e-United States iqukethe i-ethanol. I-E10 iqukethe i-10% ye-ethanol kunye ne-90% yepetroli- imveliso yeoli. Icandelo le-ethanol likhupha i-fuel kwaye linciphise ukungcola komoya. I-Ethanol iyimveliso ecacileyo nengenambala. I-ethyl yotywala kunye nokutya kotywala ngamanye amagama ethanol. Ingaba iveliswe kwi-starch okanye i-sugarstock esekelwe kwi-sugarstock, i-ethanol inomlinganiselo ofanayo weekhemikhali kunye neepropati.
Inkqubo yokucoca iswekile okanye ingqolowa kwi-ethanol yindlela yokucwangcisa okanye ukuthengiswa kwezinto eziphakathi .
I-Ethanol inomlando omude kwaye unomdla njengophethiloli. I-Model T, imoto yokuqala yokuqala ye-Ford Motor Company, yahamba nge-ethanol e-corn-based e-1908. I-MTBE (i-methyl tertiary butyl ether) isetyenziselwa ukuba yintsimbi ye-petroli kodwa i-ethanol yatshintshwa ngowama-2003. I-MTBE incolile amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kunye ne-ethanol ukhetho lwendalo. Ukususela ngo-2003, izitishi ezininzi ezijikelezayo e-United States ngoku zibonelela nge-ethanol edibeneyo. Umthetho omtsha kuquka noMthetho woMbane weeMoto (1988), uMthetho woMoya ococekileyo (1990), uMthetho woMgaqo-nkqubo weMandla (2005) kunye neNkqubo ye-Fuel Standard Renewable (RFS) esayinwe ngo-2006, zonke zigunyaze i-ethanol edibeneyo kumafutha.
Ngoxa i-E10 ingumxube osetyenziselwa iinjinjini ezininzi, i-E85 ngumxube oqukethe i-ethanol engu-85% kunye ne-15% yepetroleum fuel. Iijini ezicwangciswe ngokukodwa okanye eziguqulwayo kuloo mafutha aphezulu otywala yizona kuphela ezingasebenzisa i-E85 fuel.
Iinqwelo zisebenzisi i-ethanol, kodwa ezinye iinjini zeenqwelo elwandle zingasebenza kwi-10%. Ukususela ngo-2009, i-75% ye-petroleji yaseMelika inomxholo othile we-ethanol.
IUnited States ngumlimi omkhulu kunazo zonke kunye nomthengisi wegesi kwihlabathi. Ngoko ke, kwimveliso ye-ethanol evela e-corn.
EBrazil, eyona mveliso omkhulu kunye nomthumeli we- ushukela werhasi ehlabathini, ukuveliswa kwe-ethanol kuvela kwishukela. Njengoko isonka kunye nengqolowa zilimo zezityalo, kukho ukulingana okuphezulu phakathi kwamaxabiso e-ethanol kunye nentengo yengqolowa kunye noshukela. I-Ethanol ngokwenene iqukethe amandla angaphantsi kwegaloni kune-petrooline. Yingakho ukudibanisa ne-petroli kuvelisa iziphumo ezifanelekileyo ngokubhekiselele kokusebenza kombane nokunciphisa ukungcola. I-Ethanol iyinto engcolileyo, engeyiyo inobuthi kwaye ichitheka emanzini. ISebe le-Amandla lase-US likhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-ethanol njengombane. I-Ethanol ikhiqiza ukukhutshwa nge-carbon monoxide encinane kunye ne-carbon dioxide xa kuthelekiswa namafutha afumaneke ngokupheleleyo kwi-petroli.
I-Ethanol yintengiso engathandekiyo. Ngo-2012 xa ummbila wenza ixesha elide liphezulu malunga nama-$ 8.50 ngebhasi, ixabiso le-ethanol laliphantse i-$ 2.60 ngegaloni. Ngo-2011 xa ushukela uthengisa ukuya kuma-36 eentimitha nganye, ixabiso le-ethanol laliyi-2.93 yezigidi ngegaloni. Ekupheleni kukaFebruwari 2015, ingqolowa yayingqonge i $ 3.90 ngezinga lebhasi kunye noshukela lwarhweba ngama-14 eentente nganye. Ngelo xesha, i-ethanol yayingama-$ 1.38 ngegaloni. Njengoko ubona, intengo ye-ethanol ihambelana kakhulu neyolimo kunye namanani entwekile.
I-Ethanol i-trade yorhwebo kwiNew York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEXS) isahlulo se-Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME). Iikhontrakthi nganye yexesha elizayo limele ama-42,000 engama-ethanol kwaye ubuncinane bekhakiti yobukhulu buyi $ 0.0001 okanye i-$ 4.20. Izivumelwano zifumaneka ixesha elifutshane kunokuba ioli, i-petroli okanye ezinye i-fuel. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-ethanol yimihla yokulima kunye nemozulu inefuthe elikhulu kwixabiso layo.
Iinkampani ezininzi zicoca i-ethanol evela kwikhosi okanye iswekile e-United States naseBrazil. Umcibisi uDaniel Midland (i-ADM) uqobo lwakhe ulungisa izityalo ezicoca umbane kwi-fuel. I-Bunge (BG) inezityalo ezicoca i-sugar cane kwi-ethanol eBrazil. Ii-biofuels ezifana ne-ethanol ziye zathandwa kwiminyaka yamuva nje ngokuba zixhala malunga nokunyuka kwengcoliseko yomoya kunye namanzi. Kubantu belizwe lonke bekhula imfuno ye-biofuels efana ne-ethanol iya kukhula njengoko iingxaki zemvelo zixhasa ukusetyenziswa kwazo njengamashishini angomso.