Ukuxinwa ngokujulileyo kwithethe leNtshona, ukusela ikhofi kuye kwaba yimihla ngemihla yabaninzi. Ingqungquthela yentsasa yaseJava inikeza umntu onxilayo kunye ne-pep okanye avuke aze ahambe ngokuyimfuneko ukujongana nomhla ozayo. Isithako esisebenzayo, i-cafeine, yinto evuselelayo yendalo.
Ikhofi iye yaziwa kwiMiddle East, ePersia, eTurkey nakwiNyakatho Afrika kangangokuba iikhenkcezo zayo zisasazeka kwiYurophu naseMelika. Namhlanje, imfuno yekhofi iyaqhubeka isasazeka kwihlabathi jikelele.
I-Asiya idla ngokusela kakhulu isiphuzo njengoko ixabiso lekhofi linyusa ngenxa yeeyi.
Iintlobo ezimbini zekhofi
Iintlobo ezimbini zekhofi ezidliwe emhlabeni jikelele yi- Arabica noRobusta . I-Arabica ikhofi i-akhawunti engama-75 ukuya kuma-80 ekhulwini kuwo onke amabhontshisi ekhatywayo. Iimbotyi ze-Arabhuya zikhula kwisiqithi okanye isihlahla esisiqhokazi ( Coffea arabica ) esiqhelekileyo ezintabeni zaseYemen. I-Brazili ngoku iprojekthi enkulu yelizwe kunye nomthengisi wale khofi. Iimbotyi zekhofi zeRobus ziqukethe i-caffeine ngaphezulu kuneembotyi ze-Arabica. Ikhofi yaseRobusta yindabuko eNtshona Koloni kwaye iphinda ikhule kwiJava, e-Indonesia. Iimbotyi zeRobusta zivame ukuvelisa iifresso zama-coffee espresso. I-Vietnam okwangoku ngumvelisi ophezulu wehlabathi weembotyi zeRobus ngenkathi iBrazil isibini.
Abavelisi bekhofi bapopopeza ubhontshisi kuma-ki-69 kilogi (iipaki eziyi-152). Ngo-2011, ukuveliswa kwekhofi yomhlaba wonke kwakuyi-bags eziyi-131 zezigidi. IBrazil inika i-33% yemveliso yehlabathi yonke yeembotyi.
I-Vietnam, Columbia, Ethiopia, Indonesia kunye ne-Indiya zizo zonke iimveliso zokubaluleka kweentlanga ezimalunga ne-80% yonyaka wokuvelisa i-Arabica ne-Robusta ubhontshisi ngo-2011. Inkqubo yokuvuna ikhofi iquka ukukhetha amajikiji ekhofi okanye ngesandla okanye ngoomatshini kwaye imbewu, leyo ibhontshisi.
Abavelisi bekhofi bayithumela iimbotyi kubaqhubi abaqhelekileyo abaziwa kwi-khofi yezolimo njengama- roasters . Izindlela ezahlukeneyo zokugonywa kweembotyi ziza kuvelisa ii-coffees ngefrikansi ezahlukeneyo. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokulungiselela, iimbotyi zekhofi ziphantsi.
Ubugcisa bokuthenga
Ukuthengwa kwekhofi kuyona buchule obukhethekileyo. Abathengi behlabathi lonke baya kuhamba kumazwe akhiqizayo ukuba bavumba kwaye banambitha iintlobo zeebhontshisi ezahlukeneyo zekhofi ezivela kubavelisi abahlukahlukeneyo. Iimbotyi ezigqibeleleyo ziyalela iiprayimari eziphezulu. Umthengi ophezulu wekhofi kwihlabathi yiYurophu yaseYurophu, eyangenisa izikhwama eziyizigidi ezingama-70 ngonyaka we-2011, ngaphezu kwesigamu semveliso yomhlaba wonke. IUnited States yayingowesibini umthengisi omkhulu kumnyaka, ukungenisa amazwe angama-24 eengxowa zeebhonki. IJapan neSwitzerland nazo ziyimveliso enkulu.
I-European bud buds ikhetha ubhontshisi beRobus ngenkathi amaMelika adla ukusela ama-Arabica. Ixabiso lekhofi lingaba lincinci kakhulu kuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezikhulayo kumazwe akhiqizayo. I-rust-rust iyisifo esibhubhisayo esingonakalisa izityalo. Ikhofi yaseRobusta inokumelana nokugquma kwamagqabi kunekhofi yase-Arabica.
Kule minyaka engamashumi amane edlulileyo, intengo yekhofi yase-Arabica iye yathengisa ngokuphakamileyo njengama-3.3750 ngeyure nganye ngo-Apreli 1977 kwaye iphantsi kwe-$ 0.4525 ngeepreli ngo-Ephreli 1975.
Kungekudala ikhofi ifakwe kwi $ 3.0625 ngo-Ephreli 2011 ngaphambi kokuba iwele kwi-1.0095 ngo-Oktobha 2013. Ngonyaka ngamnye intengo yekhofi yiphumo lokuphumelela okanye ukungaphumeleli kwesivuno. Ekuqaleni kuka-2014, intengo yekhofi yanyuka njengesomiso esichaphazela izityalo zaseBrazil.
I-Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) inika iikhontrakthi zexesha elizayo kwi-coffeeica ikhofi. Amazwe kunye nemimandla ekuthumela ngaphandle ii-premiums zokulawula iikhofu kwiikhosi ze-ICE ngelixa abo bavelisa iikholeji ezingekho phantsi kwezorhwebo kwizaphulelo. I-ICE inquma iiprogram zokuhambisa ezivunyelweyo kwiindawo zokugcina iimvume e-United States naseYurophu kwi-mkataba we-Arabica. Ikontraki nganye yekhofi ye-ICE imela ama-37,500 iilidi zekhofi, malunga neengxowa ezingama-250 zeembotyi. Ixesha elizayo iRobusta yorhwebo eLondon kwi-Euronext LIFFE Exchange. Inkontileka nganye yeRobusta imela iitron ezili-10 okanye iifenki eziyi-145.
Inani lezinye ihlabathi elizayo lezentengiselwano zokuthengisa iikhofi zexesha elizayo kubandakanya; iTech Grain Exchange (TGE), iSingapore Commodity Exchange kunye ne-BM & F eBrazil.
Isicelo seKhofi
Isidingo somhlaba wonke sekhofi siye sakhula kunye nokwanda koluntu kunye nokutshintsha i-taste buds e-Asia. Ukunikezwa kwekhofi kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwixesha lexesha kunye neemeko ezikhulayo ekuveleni iintlanga. Ngako oko, intengo yekofi iyancipha kakhulu kubahwebi, abatyali-mali, kunye nabacebisi abafuna ukusebenzisa inzuzo yexabiso lemveliso.
Njengokuhlaziywa, ixabiso lekhofi lawa kunye nezinye ixabiso lentengo ngexesha lokugqibela konyaka ka-2015. Ngomhla kaSeptemba 8, 2015, ikhofi yayithengisa i-$ 1.21 ngeyure nganye ngenyanga esebenzayo yesivumelwano seDiski ICE. Izinto ezikufuphi ezikufuphi, idola ephezulu kunye neendawo eziqhelekileyo zezinto eziphathekayo zonke ezinzima kwixabiso leembotyi ze-java ekupheleni kuka-2015. Ngo-Agasti, ingxelo kaRobobank yathi ukungena kwelo xesha kwikhofi kuma 6.9 yezigidi zeengxowa kwaye ukuba Zonke zihamba kakuhle ngesivuno sonyaka ozayo loo mali iya kuba kwiingxowa zeebhiliyoni eziyi-1.9. Nangona kunjalo, oko kukunyuka kokholo olwenzelwe ukuphuhliswa kwesimo sezulu se-El Nino esinokubangela ukuba iimeko ezinomileyo kakhulu okanye ezinomileyo kakhulu kwiifowuni zokuvelisa iikhofi emhlabeni jikelele. Inkxaso yezobugcisa zekhofi ijikeleze i-1.00 yeyure ngalinye. Ukumelana kukude ngaphezu kweemarike ngo-Oktobha 2014 ukuphakama kwe-2.2550 kwinqanaba leekiti. Ikhofi yintengiso yezolimo, kwaye ixabiso lihlala lincinci. Ku-$ 1.21 ngeyure nganye ngoSeptemba 2015, ukuphazamiseka kubonakala kungaphelelanga, kwaye ingcipheko ingaqhubeka.