UkuShatyalaliswa kweShishini kwiShishini, ukuCoca, kunye neDips kwiMbali
Ukuphazamiseka kwinqanaba elinzima kunye neepesenti ehlayo ngosuku okanye emibini yorhwebo. Iphawulwe ngokukhawuleza. Ukulungiswa kwemakethe yokuthengiswa kwamasheya kukuhla kwezinga elincinci elingaphantsi kweepesenti ezili-10 kwiiveki ezingama-52 eziphakamileyo.
Xa amaxabiso awela kuma-20 ekhulwini, iba yikethi yeebhere .
Imbali
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwangoko kutshanje kuqhathaniswa nezinye ukuhla, ukudibanisa kunye nokuphazamiseka? Nanku ukuhlaziywa kokuhla kwehla ukususela ngowe-1929.
Ukuhlaselwa kwemakethe ye-stock market ngowe-1929 kwanyusa i- Great Depression . Kwiintsuku ezine, izabelo zokwabelana zawa ngama-25 ekhulwini. Kwaqala ngo-Oktobha 24, 1929 obizwa ngokuba nguMnyama ngoLwesine. Amanani esitokisi awa ngama-11 ekhulwini Ezi ziphinde zabuyiselwe njengezabelo eziyi-12,9 zeesitokisini zathengiswa. Le nto yayingumlinganiselo wesithathu. Ukurhweba ngoLwesihlanu kubonakala kubuya kuqhelekileyo. Kodwa imarike yawa amanye ama-13 ekhulwini ngoMsombuluko omnyama. Oku kwenzeka nangona iinzame zebhanki ziyeka ukuphazamiseka. Ngomso olandelayo, ngoLwesibili omnyama, i-marhwebo yawa amanye ama-11 ekhulwini. Ukulahlekelwa yithemba eWall Street kwandinceda ukukhawuleza iNdlupheko enkulu. I-Dow ayizange iphinde iphinde ihlasele ngaphambi kukaNovemba 23, 1954.
NgoMvulo ngoMnyama , ukuphazamiseka kuka-1987 , kwenzeka ngo-Oktobha 19,1987.
I-Dow ilahle i-20.4 yeepesenti enye yeyona ntsikelelo enkulu yentsuku enye kwimbali yemarike yempahla. Kuthatha iminyaka emibini ngaphambi kokuba imarike ibuyele kumazinga angaphambi kokuphazamiseka. Ukuphazamiseka kwalandela ukunyuka kweepesenti ezingama-43 ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka.
Izinto ezintathu ezibangele. Okokuqala, abahwebi bexhala malunga nomthetho wokulwa nomthetho wokuthabatha inxaxheba kwiCongress.
Okwesibini, abatyalo-mali basemzini baqala ukuthengisa xa uNobhala weNondyebo ebhengeza ukuba unokuvumela ukuba ixabiso leli dola liwe. Okwesithathu, iinkqubo zokurhweba ezithinteleyo zonakalisa ilahleko. Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali we-Aggressive Federal Reserve wawuthintela ukuphazamiseka kokungabikho kwemali.
Inkathazo yezemali yase-Asia yenzeke ngo-Oktobha 27, 1997. I-Dow ilahle amaphuzu angama-554.26 ekuphenduleni ukuhla kweepesenti ezingama-6 eHong Kong ye-Hang Seng. Abatyalomali basabela kwixabiso lemali kwiAsia. IRashiya ilandelelanise imali yayo kwaye ilahlekelwe kwiibhondi zayo. Ukuwa kwiimarike zamasitye kunceda ekubangela inkathazo yexesha elide loLawulo lweNtloko .
Ukuphahlazeka kwe-dot-com kwenzeke kwi- NASDAQ ukuqala ngo-Matshi 2000. Inkcazo yezobuchwepheshe ifikelele kwinani le-5,048.62 ngo-Matshi 10, 2000. Ngo-Apreli 3, lawa ngama-7.6 ekhulwini, okanye amaphuzu angama-349.15. Kwawa ngamaphesenti angama-7.1 ngo-Aprili 12, i-9.7 ekhulwini ngo-Ephreli 14, kunye ne-7.2 ekhulwini ngo-Ephreli 18. Kwakhona kuncipha kweemali ngoMeyi 30 (iipesenti ezingama-7.9), ngo-Oktobha 13 (7.9 ekhulwini), ngo-Oktobha 19 (i-7.8 pesenti). Ukuphahlazeka kowona nyaka kwakukho ngoDisemba 5, xa kwawa i-10,5 ekhulwini. Ngomhla wama-20 kuDisemba, iyanqatshitshiswe kuma-7.1. I-NASDAQ iphelile ngonyaka kwi-2,470.52, ilahlekelwa ngama-51.1 ekhulwini kwixabiso layo.
Ukuphahlazeka kwe-dot-com kubangelwa ngabatyalomali abadale ibhola kwixabiso lentengo ephezulu. Bacinga ukuba zonke iinkampani ze-tech ziqinisekiswe ngabenzi bemali. Abazange baqaphele ukuba inzuzo yenkampani ye-tech yabangelwa yiY2K. Iinkampani zathengi iinkqubo ezintsha zeekhomputha ukuqinisekisa ukuba isofthiwe iya kuqonda umahluko phakathi kuka-2000 no-1900. Emuva ngaloo mihla, kwakudingeka imida emibini kuphela kwaye akufuneki okufunekayo ukuhlula iikholeji ezimbini. Incwadi ethi Irrational Exuberance , yaziwa ngokuba yayichaza iingcinga zomhlambi owadala ibhola le-stock tech ngonyaka ka-2000.
Emva kokuhlaselwa kwe-9/11 , iimarike zivaliwe iintsuku ezine. Xa zavulwa kwakhona ngoSeptemba 17, 2001, i-Dow yawa ngamanqaku angama-685. Kwaye kwehla kweepesenti ezingama-7. Uqoqosho luye lwafika ngonyaka wama- 2001 ngo-Matshi.
Iingongelo zemfazwe zagcina iDow kuze kube ngo-2002.
Ukuhlaselwa kweemarike ka-2008 kwaqala nge-Dow's 777.68-point point drop on Septemba 29, 2008. Ngaloo xesha, bekuyiyona nkalo ebaluleke kakhulu kwimbali yeNew York Stock Exchange. Yawa esuka ku-11,143.13 ukuya kwi-10,365.45, i-7% iyancipha. Abatyalomali bathatywe xa i-Senate ivota malunga ne- bill yebhanti . Ngaphandle kokungenelela karhulumente, ezinye iibhanki ziza kulandela uLehman Brothers ukuba bangene kwi-bankruptcy. I-Dow ilahlekelwe ngaphezu kwe-50 ekhulwini yexabiso layo phakathi kolawulo lwayo ngo-2007 kunye nezantsi layo ngo-Matshi 2008,
I-Dow yawa ngamanqaku angama-680 ngoDisemba 1, 2008 . Kwakuyi-8 yeepesenti ehla, ukusuka ku-8,829.04 ukuya ku-8,149.09. Abatyalomali basabela kwiNgxelo yeSizwe yoPhando lwezoQoqosho esithi i-recession iqalile iinyanga ezili-11 ngaphambili.
Ukuphahlazeka kwe-flash kwenzeka ngoMeyi 6, 2010. Ngexesha lokuthengisa kwangomhla, i-Dow yanqumla amaphuzu angama-998 kwimigca embalwa nje, i-9 yeepesenti yehla. Ukusebenza kakubi kwezobugcisa kwenzeka xa iinkqubo zokurhweba ezithintekayo zivaliwe kungekho sizathu esicacileyo. Ukuphazamiseka kwembonakaliso kwindlela ekukhuselekeni ngayo iimarike ziyi-computer glitches. Abahlalutyi basho ukuphazamiseka kwesoyiko olutsha malunga neengxaki zemali zeGrisi .
Ngomhla ka- Agasti 24, 2015 , i-Dow yawa ngama-1,089 amanqaku ekuthengiseni kwangaphambili. Kwakuyi-6.6 yeepesenti yehla. Inkcazo yaphela ngomhla we-588 amanqaku. Abatyalomali bathatyelwa xa amaxabiso eoli ahlenga ngaphantsi kweedola ezingama-40 ngombhobho. Babesaba ukuba amaxabiso aphantsi ayanciphisa amavuzo kwiinkampani ezithengisa ioli.
NgoFebruwari 2018, i-Dow yehlile amanqaku angama-2,270.96 kwiintsuku ezintathu zokurhweba. Ngomhla kaFebruwari 5, ilahlekelwe ngamaphupha angu-1,175.21 ekupheleni kosuku, ilahleko enkulu kwilahleko . Kwakunamakhulu angama-1,600 kwi-intra-day trading. Abaninzi babeziva ukuba yiinkqubo zekhomputha ze-amok. I-Bloomberg kaSarah Ponczek ibike indlela "... i-orderly selloff iqhwalala, ithatha iDow ukusuka ngaphantsi kwama-700 amanqaku ukuya kwehla kuma-1.600. Nangona kunjalo, bekuyi-8,5 yeepesenti yokunciphisa, kungekhona ukuphazamiseka.
I-Dow yabuyisela kwakhona ezimbini iintsuku ezilandelayo, kodwa yahlutha amaphupha angu-1,032.89 ngoFebruwari 8. Ekupheleni kosuku, i-Dow yayingaphantsi kwama-10,4 ekhulwini kwiirekhodi layo kufuphi ne-26,616.71 ngoJanuwari 26, ngo-2018. Kuba sele kuthatha iiveki ezimbini, akusiyo ukuphazamiseka. Kodwa, ekubeni iipesenti ezili-10 ezantsi ngaphantsi, kukulungiswa. Abatyalomali baxhalabele ngemiphumo yokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwintlalo nakwi-ityala likazwelonke.