Izibonakaliso zokuphazamiseka ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezithemba kwizoqoqosho.
Xa ukuzithemba kungabuyiselwa, kukhokelela ekudleni. Kungenxa yokuba ukuncipha kwexabiso lesitokhthi kuthetha ubutyebi buncinci kubatyalomali. Unokuthusa abathengi ekuthengeni ngaphantsi. Yona nxalenye enkulu kakhulu yomkhiqizo owenziwe ekhaya , enezela malunga nama-70 ekhulwini kwizoqoqosho.
Ukuphazamiseka kuthetha ukuxhaswa imali encinci kwamashishini amatsha. Ukuthengiswa kwamasheya yindlela enye apho iinkampani zinokufumana iimali ezifunekayo ukuze zikhule. Enye indlela izitokisi ezichaphazela ngayo uqoqosho lwase-US .
Ekugqibeleni, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo, i-stock market ye-stock market iyancipha ukukhula koqoqosho lwehlabathi. Okokuqala, kuya kubangela ukuba ezinye iimbosi zeempahla ziyancipha. Amandla oqoqosho lwase-US ancedisa ama-20 ekhulwini kwimveliso yehlabathi.
Ukwehla kwemali kungenakukulandela ngqo ukuphahla kwangoko. Ngokomzekelo, kwikota yokuqala ka-2007 umyinge we- Dow Jones weshishini washishino wabulala amanqaku angama-600 ngeveki. Kodwa yabuyisela kwithuba lonyaka kwaye ivuke kwi-14,000 ephakamileyo ngo-Oktobha.
Nangona ukuphazamiseka akuzange kubangele ukuhlalisana kwemali , kwabonisa ukuba umntu uza. Ngaphezulu, jonga iDow Closing History .
Ukuphahlaka kwemakethe ye-stock market akusoloko kugqiba ekunciphiseni. Kananjalo isebenza njengesibonakaliso sokusilahleka kwetyala lokutyalomali. Ukuba i- Federal Reserve ingakwazi ukubuyisela ukuzithemba, iya kuphephelela umnotho.
Umzekelo omhle yi-crash yemakethe ye-stock market ka-1987, ebizwa ngokuba yiMnyama ngoMsombuluko . Ngo-Oktobha 19, i-Dow ilahle i-22.61 pesenti. Kwakukho ukuhla kweepesenti enkulu yosuku olulodwa kwimbali yemarike yemfuyo. Abatyalomali babethusa ngenxa yempembelelo yomthetho wokuchasana nomthetho ohamba phambili kwiCongress. Umthetho osayilwayo uza kuphelisa ukuncitshiswa kweerhafu kwimali-mboleko esetyenziselwa ukuxhaswa ngemali. Iinkqubo zokurhweba iifowuni zekhompyutha zenze i-sell-off is worse. I-Fed yaqalisa ukupompa imali kwiibhanki. Ngenxa yoko, imarike izinzile. Isenzo se-Fed siphephe ukukhungulwa kwemali.
Mi zekelo
NgoSeptemba 15, 2008, i-Dow ilahle amaphuzu angama-500, ukuwa kweyona nto ibonakele kakhulu ukusuka ekupheleni kwe- 2001 . UNobhala weSebe leMali ka-United States uHenry Paulson wenqaba ukukhwela iLehman Brothers abaphosa iimarike zibe yingxaki yokuzithemba. Kungenxa yokuba iinkampani zemali zaziyazi ukuba ziya kunyanzelwa ukuba zidle ilahleko eziye zazincedisa kwi- subprime mortgage crisis .
Njengoko ixabiso leenqwelo zeenkampani zezimali ziwa, baqonda ukuba baya kuba nzima ukuphakamisa imali entsha ukuze bahlasele ilahleko zabo kwaye benze imali entsha. Ngale ndlela, ukuthengiswa kwemakethe ye-stock market isongela ukubeka le mabhanki ngaphandle kweshishini ukuba ayinayo i-reserve efanelekileyo yokugubungela ukuhla.
Oku, kwaye ngokwalo, kunokubeka ubutyebi kwi- recession .
Omnye umzekelo kukuba kwenzeke ezimbini kwiiveki kamva. Ngo-Oktobha 5, 2008, i- Dow yawa ngaphezu kwama-10 000 ukuya ngaphantsi kwama-8 500, i-15% iyancipha kwiveki enye. Yayichaza ukulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza nokugqithiseleyo kwintengiso kunye noqoqosho oluphantsi.
Umzekelo obalaseleyo yi- stock market ye-1929 . Kwenzeke kwiintsuku ezine zokurhweba, ukususela ngoMsombuluko omnyama ubhekisela ngo-Oktobha 28, 1929. KwakunguMvulo wokuqala emva koLwesine omnyama (Oktobha 24) waza wada waqhubeka kwada kwaMnyama ngoLwesibili (Oktobha 29). Ngethuba leentsuku ezine, i-market yemarike yalahlekelwa yiyo yonke inzuzo eyayiyenzile kunyaka wonke.
Ukuthengiswa kwezinto akuzange kubangele ukuCimazela okukhulu . Ukukhula kwemali kwase kuqalile ngo-Agasti. Kodwa ukuphazamiseka kutshabalalise ukuzithemba kwezoshishino-mali.
Kungenxa yokuba iibhanki zasebenzise imali yazo yokubeka imali kwi-Wall Street. Abantu ababengakaze bathenge isitokethi esisodwa baye balahlekelwa ubomi babo. Xa abantu befumene, baphuthuma ukuba bathathe iifomiti zabo. Kodwa kuninzi, kwakungasekho. Amabhanki avaliwe ngeveki, kwaye abaninzi abazange bavulwe kwakhona. Imarike yemasheya ayizange ibuyele ngokuzeleyo ukuya ngowe-1954. Uqoqosho lugxininise kwiminyaka elishumi yokudandatheka. Ngaphezulu, jonga ixesha elide lokuCaluleka okukhulu .
Olunye uphahla lwama- market market lwangaphambili luye lwadlulela ukuhlawulelwa kweminyaka ka - 2001 kunye neRest Recession ka-2008 .
Indlela ekuchaphazela ngayo
Yintoni onokuyenza ukuze uzikhusele? Okokuqala, ungakhathazeki. Umgangatho weemarike zeebhere unemiguqu enkulu kunye nokunyaniseka. Oko kuya kuba yintlanzi kunye nezibikezelo eziza kutshabalalisa kunye nezobunzima ezivela kwizoqoqosho. Ukunyuka kwemali akuyikudakumba . Kukho rhoqo ukukhula kwezoqoqosho kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Indlela yodwa yokuxelela ukuba i-market market crash ibangela ukunyuka kwemali kukulandela ngokulandelelanayo izikhombisi zezoqoqosho.