Ngaba SiyiNtloko Ngenye Intlupheko Enkulu?

Izizathu Ezi-6 Kutheni ama-50 eepesenti aseMelika acinga ukuba kukho ukuxinezeleka

Ukuba iUnited States yayinokwehla kwezoqoqosho kwizinga lokuCaluleka okukhulu kwe-1929 , ubomi bakho buya kutshintsha ngokuphawulekayo. Omnye kwaba bantu abane obaziyo baya kuphelelwa ngumsebenzi. Kungenxa yokuba isantya sokungabikho kwemisebenzi siza kuba yinto ephezulu ukusuka kwizinga layo langoku le-5 ukuya kuma-25 ekhulwini.

Ukuveliswa kwezoqoqosho kuya kunciphisa ama-25 ekhulwini. Oko kuthetha ukuba umkhiqizo wekhaya ophantsi uza kuvela kwi-$ 19 trillion ye $ 19 .

Esikhundleni sokunyuka kwamaxabiso ngamaphesenti angama-2, ukuchithwa kwempahla kungabangela ukuba amaxabiso ahlahle i-10 ekhulwini. Urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe luya kuhlahlela ama-65 ekhulwini Yeka indlela ekubi ngayo ukuCaluleka OkuKhulu.

Ngaba kwenzeka kwakhona? Ngo-2011 i-poll ye-CNN, phantse ama-50 ekhulwini aseMerika ayakholelwa ukuba inako. Babecinga ukuba kuya kwenzeka ngaphakathi konyaka. Ngethamsanqa, bekungalunganga. Kodwa abaninzi abantu basengxakini malunga nokudandatheka okuqhubekayo. Abanye baciniseka ukuba sele sisexinezelekile. Akunakukwazi ukubona apho i-drive yokukhula ivela khona. Yintoni eyenza abo baseMerika bakhathazeke kangaka?

Ukungasebenzi

Okokuqala, phantse iipesenti ezingama-25 zabangasebenzi baye bafuna iinyanga ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu . Kukho abasebenzi abangama-355 000 abayekezelekayo abayeka ukukhangela umsebenzi, kwaye ababekho kubalo manani angasebenziyo . Oku kuye kwaqhuba izinga lokubamba iqhaza kwabasebenzi ukuya kuma-62.7 ekhulwini. Oko kuthetha ukuba akuyena wonke umntu ubuyele kwimarike yomsebenzi.

Elinye iigidi ezi-5.2 zisebenza ixesha lesithuba ngenxa yokuba abanakufumana umsebenzi wexesha elizeleyo . Oku konke nangona kunjalo ukuba izinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi lisondele kwipesenti ze-4 zengqesho .

I-Stock Market

Okwesibini, ukutshatyalaliswa kwezinto kutshabalalisa abatyala-mali xa iDow iguqula amanqaku angama-400 ukuya phezulu okanye phantsi. Ukulahleka kwemarike ye-Stock kwintlawulo yee- stock market kwango - 2008 .

I-Dow ilahle ipesenti ezingama-53 ukusuka kwiphakamileyo yayo eyi-14,043 ngo-Oktobha 2007 ukuya ku-6,594.44 ngoMatshi 5, 2009. Yayihlawula amanqaku angama-800 ngexesha lokuhweba kwangomhla ngo-Oktobha 6, Abatyalomali abalahlekelwa yimali bayaqondakala ukuba bahlaselwe loo mava. Ngaphezulu, jonga iDow Closing History .

Ekuqaleni konyaka we-2016, amanani esitokisi ayehla. Abatyalomali balahlekelwa izigidigidi, kwaye amazwe athile ahlaselwa . Oku kulandela ukulahlekelwa ngo-2015, apho ama-70 ekhulwini kuwo wonke ama-investors ase-US alahlekelwa yimali. Ngokwabanye, kwakungowona mbi kunabo bonke kwi-stocks ukususela ngo-2008. Phantse iimali ze-hedge zezimali zavalwa kwaye izibophelelo ze-junk zahlaselwa. (Umthombo: "Ngaba u-2016 uza kuzisa ukuxinezeleka okukhulu okulandelayo?" I-Charisma News, ngoJanuwari 1, 2016.)

Xabiso leoli

Ixabiso le-oyile liye lanyanzeliswa. Bavuka kwi-$ 50 ngomgqomo emva kokunciphisa iminyaka engama-13 e-$ 26.55 / umgqomo ngoJanuwari 2016. Kwakuyiinyanga ezili-18 kuphela emva kwe-$ 100.26 / umgqomo ophezulu ngoJuni 2014. Amanani eoli aqhutywe ngenyuka ekuthengisweni kwe-US abavelisi beoli kunye neamandla edoli yase-US . Ukunyaniseka kwenza abantu bafune ukugcina, xa kuthengwa amaxabiso. Ngaphezulu, bona i- Oil Price Forecast .

Inkcazo yeMali ka-2008

Okwesithathu, iingxaki zemali zango-2008 zanciphisa isakhiwo soqoqosho.

Oko kuthetha ukuba ibhekane noxinzelelo oluzayo lwehlabathi ngaphandle kokuqina kwayo ngokuqhelekileyo.

Ukuwa kwezindlu kwakunzima kakhulu ekudlukisweni komhlaba kunokuba kuDangeleke kakhulu. Amaxabiso awela ama-31.8 ekhulwini ukusuka kwi-229,000 yee-$ 229,000 ngoJuni 2007 ukuya kwi-156,100 yezigidi ngoFebruwari 2011. Bawa ngama-24 ekhulwini ngexesha lokudandatheka. Kwimigangatho yokuqala yokubuyiswa kwakhona, izibhengezo zenziwe ngamaphesenti angama-30 yazo zonke iimpahla zasemakhaya. Abaninimzi abaninzi bahlaselwa phantsi kwiimali zokuhlala. Abazange bathengise amakhaya abo okanye bahlaziye ukuxhamla kwiirhafu zenzalo eziphantsi. Ukuwa kwezindlu kubangelwa ukuxhaswa kwemali yokubolekwa kwemali ngokuxhomekeka kwimali- mboleko yokuxhasa imali . Emva ko-2008, iibhanki ngokwenene zayeka ukuzithengisa kwimarike yesibini . Ngenxa yoko, iipesenti ezingama-90 yazo zonke iimali zokugcina imali zaziqinisekiswa nguFannie Mae okanye uFreddie Mac . URhulumente uthathe ubunini, kodwa iibhanki zingasetyala ngaphandle koFannie okanye uFreddie.

Enyanisweni, urhulumente waseburhulumenteni usasaxhasa i-market housing yase-US. Jonga i-Primer kwiNgxaki yeNgxowa-mali ye-Subprime .

Ikhredithi yoshishino yanyuka. Imfuno yoluphi uhlobo lwephepha lezorhwebo elixhaswa nge-asethi linyamalale. Ukwethuka ngokubaluleka kwezi zibophelelo zetyala ezithengisayo kubangele kwiinkathazo zecandelo lezemali, kubangele ukungenelela kwe-Federal Reserve kunye noNondyebo. Oorhulumente behlabathi bangenelela ukubonelela konke ukuthengiswa kweemarike zentengiso echanekileyo. Ityala le-US lidityaniswe, kwaye iYurophu ayilunganga kangangoko. Okubi nakakhulu, zonke izinto ezongeziweyo kwiinkxaso zemali azizange zifumane indlela yazo kwizoqoqosho. Amabhanki ahleli phantsi kwemali, engafuni ukuboleka. Babuyisela imali ye-$ 700 yezigidigidi. Yiloo nto. Le meko iphela ngoku kuphucula.

Umgaqo-mali weeNkcitho kunye ne-Federal Reserve

Okwesine, i- Federal Reserve yasetyenziselwa izixhobo zalo mgaqo-nkqubo wenkxaso-mali yemali yokunceda ukulwa neengxaki zemali. Iphelile ukunciphisa ukulingana , kodwa oko kuthetha ukuba akafaki kwiphepha lebhanki elibhaliweyo. Iqhubeka ijikeleza ngaphezu kwe- $ 4 trillion kwi-Tyala ye-US eyithengiweyo kule nkqubo. Isantya semali esondliwa ngumlinganiselo we-1.75 pesenti. I- FOMC iya kuyivusa kwakhona ngo-2018 no-2019. Inqwenela ukufikelela kwizinga eliqhelekileyo leepesenti ezi-2. Kuze kube ngoko, i-Fed inamandla angaphantsi kweengxaki zemali.

Okwesibini, urhulumente wesigqeba awunakwenzeka ukuza kuhlangula ngokuchithwa kwemali njengoko kwenza ngo-2009. Inkokhelo ye-$ 21 trillion ithetha ukuba iCongress inokukhetha ukunciphisa imali .

Izizathu EziMathandathu Ukuba Kutheni Ukunyanzeliswa Kwangaphinde Kuchobe

1. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwemakethe ye-Stock kungabangela ukucima ngokusula imali yokugcina imali. Ukuba abantu baboleke imali ukutshala imali, baya kuyanyanzelekile ukuba bathengise konke okufuneka bahlawule imali. Iziphumo ezenzileyo zenza nantoni na ukuphazamiseka ngokugqithiseleyo. Ukuphazamiseka kwenza kube nzima ukuba iinkampani ziphakame iimali ezifunekayo ukuze zikhule. Ekugqibeleni, i- market crash crash inokutshabalalisa ukuzithemba okufunekayo ukuze kuhlaziywe uqoqosho.
2. Ixabiso lentlupheko lezindlu kunye nokuqalwa kwangaphambili okubangelwayo kubangele ubuncinane be-$ 1 trillion ngokulahlekelwa kwiibhanki, i- hedge funds kunye nabanye abanikazi bemali ephantsi kwemali kwimarike yesibini. Amabhanki aqhubeka nokugcina imali nangona ixabiso lezindlu liye landa. Basoloko begaya ilahleko ukusuka kwisigidi esisodwa.
3. Ikhredithi yezorhwebo iyadingeka kumashishini ukuze baqhubeke nokuqhuba imihla ngemihla. Ngaphandle kwekhredithi, amashishini amancinci akakwazi ukukhula, anqanda iipesenti ezingama-65 yazo zonke imisebenzi emitsha abanikezelayo.
4. Ibhanki ekufutshane-ukungaphumeleli kwesoyiko lokubeka imali kwi-akhawunti yabo. Nangona i-FDIC iqinisekisa ezi zidiphozi, abanye baxhalabele ukuba le nkonzo iya kuphelelwa yimali. Iibhanki zorhwebo zixhomekeke kubathengi bemali yokuxhasa imali yabo yemihla ngemihla, kunye nokwenza imali mboleko.
5. Ixabiso eliphezulu leoli linokubuyela emva kokuba abavelisi be-US shale baphoqelelwe ngaphandle kweshishini. Izigidi zemisebenzi zalahleka xa amaxabiso eoli ayehla. Ngelo xesha, abathengi abaninzi bathenga iimoto ezintsha kunye neeSUV xa ixabiso legesi liphantsi. Baya kutyitywa xa amaxabiso avuka kwakhona.
6. Ukuchaswa kuyingozi enkulu. Esinye isizathu sokuba iFed ayifuni ukuphakamisa amaxabiso kukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso akukafiki ukufikelela kwinjongo ye-2 ekhulwini yamanani kunyuka. Ixabiso eliphantsi kweoli kunye negesi liye lachaphazelekayo. Ngoko unyuke kwipesenti ezingama-25 kwi-dollar yase-US. Oku kuphazamisa amaxabiso angeniso. Ezi nkxwaleko ze-deflationary zibonakala zifana nokuxhamla kubathengi. Kodwa benza kube nzima kumashishini ukuphakamisa umvuzo. Isiphumo singaba sehla. Oku kufana noko kwenzekayo kwiDanda lokuPhukisa.

Izizathu Ezizisixhenxe Zokuba Ukunyanzeliswa Kokungeke Kufikeleleke

1. Ukuncipha kwexabiso lentengo akugqithanga iipesenti ezili-11 ngosuku olunye, okanye iipesenti ezingama-30 ngonyaka. Ukukhawulwa kweNkcitho yokuPhukisa i-Stock Market Crash ka-1929 . Ngokuvalwa kweemarike kwamasango ngomhla wesiBini oMnyama , i-Dow iwele phantsi kweepesenti ezingama-25 kwiintsuku ezine nje.
2. Ixabiso lentengo kunye nezindleko zezindlu zibuye zibuye. Izinga lokuqeshisa liphezulu, eliye lazisa abatyala imali kwiimakethe zendlu. Ngoku ukuba ithemba libuye libuyiselwe, ixabiso lezindlu liya kuqhubeka likhula. Ukugqithiswa kwemibhobho yamanzi, eyake yabonakala ingapheliyo, iphela.
3. Ikhredithi yezorhwebo iye yachaphazeleka kakhulu. Ibhanki eziphambili zehlabathi ziye zanyuka kwiindawo ezininzi ezifunekayo. Enyanisweni, baye bathatha indawo yenkqubo yemali ngokwayo.
4. Umgaqo-mali wemali ukwandiswa, ngokungafani nemigaqo-mali yokuchasana eyabangela ukuCaluleka okukhulu . Ngethuba lokunciphisa ngokwemali kwihlobo le-1929, i-Fed yanciphisa imali yokubonelela ngemali engama-30 ekhulwini. Kwaphakamisa izinga lezimali zeFed ukukhusela inani le dollar . Ngaphandle kobutyebi, iibhanki zawa, ziphoqelela abantu ukuba basuse yonke imali baze bazifake phantsi kwe-mattress, kubangele ukuwa kwezoqoqosho . I-FDIC inceda ukunqanda ukuqhutyelwa kwebhanki ngokuqinisekisa iifomiti . I-Fed ixele ukuba iya kugcina ireyithi yeFed Funds phantse kwi-2012.
5. Amaxabiso eoli aphakama. Kodwa nangama-dollar angama-85 ngomgqomo, aguqulela kwixabiso lentengo elisezantsi ngaphantsi kwesigamu sezinto aseYurophu ezihlawulayo , ngenxa yerhafu ephezulu yeerhasi. I-OPEC ingathanda ukubuyisela intlawulo yeoli kwiindawo zayo ezimnandi kwi-R70 70 ngomgqomo emva kokuba ibenqabile abakhiqizi base-US shale. Oku kuya kunciphisa intengo yeoli. I-OPEC ifuna ukugcina intshaba yayo i-Iran kunye nabanye ekuhloleni iindawo zabo zokugcina ioli kunye nokuphuhlisa amafutha athile .
6. Ukuveliswa kwezoqoqosho kuye kwawa ngamaphesenti angama-4 ukusuka kwiphakamileyo yayo eyi-14.4 trillion kwikota yesibini ka-2008 ukuya kwi-$ 13.9 yezigidigidi ngonyaka. Kwawa i-25 percent kwi-Depression. Ibuyisele kwi $ 18 trillion.
7. Kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kokunciphisa kunye nokudandatheka . Nangona kukho enye iRest Recession eyenzekayo, akunakwenzeka ukuba uguqulele ukuxinezeleka kwehlabathi.

Isiphumo

Uqoqosho lwase-US luhlala ebolekelwe imali ixesha elide. Inkxalabo yezemali yatshitshisa amashishini kunye neentsapho. Yingakho ukukhula kweli phulo liye linciphile kunelokuqala. Ubona ubungqina bokunciphisa kancane. Kuya kuqhubeka ixesha elithile. EUnited States, eYurophu naseJapane, iyancitshiswa ngabantu. La mazwe anabantu asebekhulile. Abadala abakudingi ukuchitha imali eninzi kwizindlu, imoto, kunye nefenitshala njengabantu abaselula abasuka kwintsapho. Kodwa oku kukhangeka ukuba akunakwanela ukudala uxinzelelo lwehlabathi. Ndiyabulela ekukhuleni eChina , eIndiya, nakwamanye amazwe athengayo athengisa imali kunye nabantu abancinci.

Yintoni enokuthi uqoqosho lungafanele lube luhle kuwe - kunye nakwi-vice-versa. Xa uqoqosho lungaqinisekanga, lixesha lokuzikhusela. Indlela yodwa yokwenza oko kukunyusa ingeniso yakho kwaye unciphise imali yakho. Ngale ndlela, uya kuba nemali yokunciphisa ityala lakho. Emva koko, qiniseka ukuba unomtya, kwaye ke ukwakha ukugcina kwakho. Utyalo-mali ogqithiseleyo uphinde ube yipotifoliyo eyahlukeneyo .

Ukuba kunokwenzeka, qiniseka ukuba unesiqinisekiso sekholeji. Imfundo ikwahlula kakhulu kuluntu - izinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi kwiiklasi zeekholeji liqingatha yesilinganiso. Nangona izindlu zithengwa ngokusesikweni, njengamaxabiso enzala , zithengela indlu onokuzifumana kalula. Incinci indlu, ifenitshala engaphantsi uza kuyithenga ukuyifaka. Uqoqosho luya kuthintela enye intlupheko enkulu, kodwa mhlawumbi indlela, uya kuba kwindawo engcono yokwenza imozulu.