Iipennies zenziwe ngamaphesenti angama-95 kwethusi ukuya kutsho ngo-1982. Ixabiso lobhedu liye laphakama ngokukhawuleza ukususela ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka kwaye ngoku ixabiso lokutshatyalaliswa kwe penki lixabisekile ngaphezu kwexabiso elijongene ne penny. Ngokuqinisekileyo, amanani entengo aphakama kwaye awe ngeenguqu zeemarike kwaye ezinokutshintsha ixabiso lentsimbi yeemali.
Ipenki yobhedu ngaphambi kowe-1982 iqulethe malunga no-2.95 amagremu obhedu. Kukho ama-453.59 amagremu kwipondo. Intengo yobhedu ngoJuni ka-2016 yayiyi-2.17 yepali. Oko kwenza ukubaluleka kobhedu kwi-penny nganye kubaluleka malunga ne-1.4 cents. Ixabiso lokutshatyalaliswa kwe penki lali-40% ngaphezu kwexabiso lobuso. I-Copper yafudukela kumlinganiselo ophezulu ekupheleni konyaka we-2016 weenxa zonke i-$ 2.70 ngeepounds, okwenza ubunono bebhedu kwiipeneni ezindala phezulu.
Kukho inani elikhethiweyo le-zinc kwi-pennies elongeza kwixabiso lentsimbi. Amapennies ayenziwe kunye ne-97.5 yepesenti emva kwe-1982, ngoko ke ipennies ngaphambi kowe-1982 inenani elikhulu lesimbi. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2016 ixabiso le-zinc liye landa ngokubaluleka ukwenza ama-pennies angaphambi kowe-1982 axabiseke ngaphezu koxabiso lwaso ubuso kunye neepeneni ezizayo ziye zayixabisa.
Ukubala Ixabiso leMitshini yePopy Copper
I-formula yokubala ukunyuka kwexabiso le-pennies ngaphambi kowe-1982:
(Intengo yobhedu ngeyitidi x .00220462262 x 3.11 x .95)
Kwimali engama-2.70 engama-pound yepilitri, ukulinganisela malunga ne-1.75 iisenti. Lelo nani liza kunyuka okanye liyancipha, kuxhomekeke kwintengo yobhedu. Unokubheka intengo yamuva yobhedu kwi http://www.cmegroup.com/trading/metals/base/copper.html. Inkontileka yeenyanga esondeleyo isondele kakhulu kukubaluleka kobhedu.
Ixabiso leMillowown of Nickel
I-nickels zenziwe ngamaphesenti angama-75 eebhedu kunye ne- nickel ye- 25 ekhulwini. Kwixabiso lemarike yobhedu (i-$ 2.70) kunye ne-nickel (i-$ 5.08), ixabiso lokutshatyalaliswa kwe-nickel lingaphezu kwama-5 cents. Imiba emitsha yeemali ezenziwe nge-zinc kunye nezinye izinyithi ziye zazisombulula imiba ethile yokulinganisela, ngoku ngoku.
Indlela Yokuqokelela kunye Nenzuzo KwiPennies neNickels
Ingazwakala ilula, kodwa unako ukuya ebhankini okanye naphi na enye into ongayifumana iipennies okanye iinkokhelo ezininzi kwaye uyithenge ngexabiso lomntu. Xa kuziwa kuma-pennies, iipennies zangaphambi kwe-1982 ziya kuba nexabiso elincinci lexabiso lesinyithi. Kuya kuba lixesha elide lokuhlalutya kwaye lihlukanise kuphela ipennies engaphambi kowe-1982. Ama-nickels akhiqizwe ngeensimbi ezifanayo ukususela ngo-1946.
Oku kwenza kube lula ukuthenga ama-nickels endala kwaye akufuneki wenze naluphi na uhlobo. Ama-nickels akhiqizwe ngeensimbi ezifanayo ukususela ngowe-1946. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka edlulileyo ukubunjwa kweesinyithi kwi-nickels kuye kwatshintsha njengento yokuhlolwa kwintsimbi kunye nezitshixo ezahlukeneyo ezincinci. Kukho iinkampani ezithengisa iipenki ezininzi eziye zahlulwa, kodwa ziya kukuhlawula i-premium.
Isilumkiso esinamandla
Kucacile ukuba kukho inqobo enkulu yokubamba iqhinga xa kufikelele kule ngcamango yokutshala imali. Akukho mthethweni ukutyhawula iipennies kunye nama-nickels.
Ngako oko, uya kufuneka ucinge ngeefenjeni zobhedu kunye neickel nickels njengotyalo-mali olude . Ngo-2006, urhulumente wase-United States wamisela isigwebo sokutshatyalaliswa kwezi ngqekembe eziphezulu njengama-$ 10,000 entle kunye neminyaka emihlanu entolongweni, okanye zombini. I-Mint yaseMelika izakuyeka ukwenza amapenki ngo-2017 ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu lokutyhila imali.
Amanye amazwe amaninzi sele esele aphulukana neenguqu zawo ze penny. Xa i-penny ishiywe, mhlawumbi iya kuba yinto esemthethweni yokuyibilikisa iinkozo phantsi komxholo wezobhedu. Imoya ye-nickel ayiyi kutshintsha ngo-2017, kodwa iyakwazi kwikamva.
Abatyalomali kunye nabaqokeleli sele beqalile ukuhlawula iipennies kunye nama-nickels. Kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi ukufumana i-pennies ngaphambi kowe-1982 kwiminyaka ezayo, ngakumbi ukuba inani lentsimbi lihamba phezulu.
Iipennies kunye nama-nickels zixabisa ngaphezu kobunzima bomntu namhlanje kwaye ukuba amaxabiso ezinsimbi ziphakama, ukutshala imali kwiingxowa-mali kungahlawula ngokuzayo kwixesha elizayo.
Ukugcina amawaka kunye namawaka eepeneni athatha indawo eninzi. Iipeneni ezili-1000 zeepeneni zi-pennies ezili-100,000. I-10 000 yeepennies ezigidi. Ukuba unako ukufumana izandla zakho kwiipenki ezininzi, ukugcinwa kuya kuba ngumbandela njengoko loo pennies amaninzi enzima kakhulu. Kwinqanaba elincinci, akukho nto iphosakeleyo ngokukhetha ngokutshintshwa kwenguqu nganye ngeveki kwaye ubeka iipennies kunye neenickels kwisitenki ukugcina usuku xa zifaneleke ngakumbi.